{"slug": "caesarea-maritima", "label": "Caesarea Maritima", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319242", "qid": "Q319242", "description": "ancient Levantine city", "entries": 22, "years": 22, "span": [54, 1290], "span_label": ["54 CE", "1290 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "acre-israel", "label": "Acre, Israel", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "palestine-region", "label": "Palestine (region)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "sidon", "label": "Sidon", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tiberias", "label": "Tiberias", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "crusader-states", "label": "Crusader states", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "haifa", "label": "Haifa", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "egypt-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "Egypt in the Middle Ages", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-jerusalem", "label": "Kingdom of Jerusalem", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "israel", "label": "Israel", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rashidun-caliphate", "label": "Rashidun Caliphate", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 54, "year_label": "54 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Violence erupts in Caesarea regarding a local ordinance restricting the civil rights of Jews, creating clashes between Jews and pagans. The Roman garrison, made up of Syrians, takes the side of the pagans. The Jews, armed with clubs and swords, meet in the marketplace. The governor of Judea, Antonius Felix, orders his troops to charge. The violence continues and Felix asks Nero to arbitrate. Nero sides with the pagans, and relegates the Jews to second-class citizens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373339620#Palestine", "title": "50s", "revid": 1373339620, "section": "Events › 54 AD › Palestine"}}, {"year": 58, "year_label": "58 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The apostle Paul returns to Jerusalem with the money he has collected to give the Christian community there. However, he is accused of defiling the temple, and is arrested and imprisoned in Caesarea. He then invokes his Roman citizenship and is sent to Rome to be judged.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373339620#Palestine", "title": "50s", "revid": 1373339620, "section": "Events › 58 AD › Palestine"}}, {"year": 66, "year_label": "66 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gallus leads his main force down the coast from Caesarea via Antipatris to Lydda, detaching other units, by land and sea, to neutralize the rebel strongholds at Joppa, Narbata and the Tower of Aphek. With Galilee and the entire Judean coast in his hands, Gallus assumes his campaign before the winter rains render the roads impassable. He turns inland and marches on Jerusalem, taking the road via the plain at Emmaus. Gallus succeeds in conquering Beit She'arim (the \"New City\") on the Bezetha Hill.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330182683#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 66", "revid": 1330182683, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 132, "year_label": "132 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Legio X Fretensis must evacuate Jerusalem, returning to Caesarea. The Jews enter the city, and re-establish their system of sacrifices. They strike coins to celebrate their independence, which will last for only 30 months. Legio XXII Deiotariana, which advanced from Egypt, is completely destroyed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188369#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 132", "revid": 1371188369, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 196, "year_label": "196 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "A church council is held in Caesarea over the date of Easter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371314273#Religion", "title": "AD 196", "revid": 1371314273, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 231, "year_label": "231 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Origen, disciple of Ammonius Saccas, founder of Neoplatonism, is exiled in Caesarea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1281566582#Religion", "title": "231", "revid": 1281566582, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 315, "year_label": "315 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Eusebius becomes bishop of Caesarea (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330160516#Religion", "title": "315", "revid": 1330160516, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 340, "year_label": "340 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Acacius succeeds Eusebius as bishop in the see of Caesarea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1281359942#Religion", "title": "340", "revid": 1281359942, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 614, "year_label": "614 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Levantine cities of Caesarea Maritima, Arsuf, and Tiberias surrender on terms to the Sasanians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752346#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "614", "revid": 1364752346, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 638, "year_label": "638 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – The Arabian forces under Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah storm Caesarea Maritima, capital of Byzantine Palestine, and effect their final capture of Ascalon (modern Israel). Caliph Umar I stops the Muslim invasion, and appoints Abu Ubaidah governor of Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557443#Arabian_Empire", "title": "638", "revid": 1369557443, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 975, "year_label": "975 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor John I raids Mesopotamia and invades Syria, using the Byzantine base at Antioch to press southwards to Tripoli. He conquers the cities of Baalbek, Damascus, Sidon, Tiberias and Caesarea, but fails to take Jerusalem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341513424#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "975", "revid": 1341513424, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1099, "year_label": "1099 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26 – The Crusaders march to Haifa and along the coast under Mount Carmel to Caesarea (modern Israel), where they rest for four days in order to celebrate Whitsun (Whit Sunday).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265715#First_Crusade", "title": "1099", "revid": 1365265715, "section": "Events › By place › First Crusade"}}, {"year": 1101, "year_label": "1101 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – King Baldwin I concludes an alliance with the Genoese fleet, offering them commercial privileges and booty. He captures the towns of Arsuf and Caesarea. Baldwin's crusaders pillage Caesarea and massacre the majority of the local population.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268186#Levant", "title": "1101", "revid": 1365268186, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1102, "year_label": "1102 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – A Fatimid expeditionary force (some 20,000 men) invades Palestine and launches attacks into the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Crusaders defeat a Fatimid rearguard near Ascalon, and capture the city after a 3-year siege. The Crusaders capture Caesarea Maritima with support of the Genoese fleet. A number of Genoese trading colonies are established along the Mediterranean coast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265899#Levant", "title": "1102", "revid": 1365265899, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1148, "year_label": "1148 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April", "text": "April – Southern French crusaders under Alfonso Jordan of Toulouse arrive by sea at Acre. Alfonso dies suddenly at Caesarea, resulting in the accusation that he has been poisoned by Count Raymond II of Tripoli. Most of the Provençal forces turn back and return home. Meanwhile, an unknown proportion of northern European naval crusaders (from England and Germany) arrive at Acre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362156256#Second_Crusade", "title": "1148", "revid": 1362156256, "section": "Events › By place › Second Crusade"}}, {"year": 1191, "year_label": "1191 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 30", "text": "August 30 – Richard I advances in three divisions towards Caesarea, with the Crusader fleet accompanying him off-shore. The rearguard becomes engaged, and the French forces under Hugh III are nearly annihilated. Saladin has selected this part of the road for a major assault, but the Muslim attacks have little effect. The main effort to harass the Crusaders from a distance fails. Richard makes camp at the mouth of the Zarqa River, despite the intense heat, thirst, and the loss of many lives. Both armies rest and watch each other the rest of the day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170549#Third_Crusade", "title": "1191", "revid": 1362170549, "section": "Events › By place › Third Crusade"}}, {"year": 1227, "year_label": "1227 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September", "text": "September – A second contingent joined by Frederick II, departs from Brindisi to the Levant. On September 11, during the second day of the voyage, one of Fredericks' companions, Louis IV of Thuringia, dies of an illness (possibly cholera) at Otranto. Frederick also becomes sick and decides to return home, while sending the rest of the Crusader fleet (20 galleys) to Acre. There, they fortify the coastal towns of Caesarea and Jaffa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488499#Europe", "title": "1227", "revid": 1367488499, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1229, "year_label": "1229 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – Walter III (or de Brisebarre), lord of Caesarea", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488290#Deaths", "title": "1229", "revid": 1367488290, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1265, "year_label": "1265 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Mamluk Sultanate Bahri dynasty of Egypt captures several cities and towns from Crusader states in the Middle East, including the cities of Haifa, Arsuf, and Caesarea Maritima; these events eventually precipitate the Eighth Crusade in 1267.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267064844#North_Africa_and_Asia", "title": "1265", "revid": 1267064844, "section": "Events › By place › North Africa and Asia"}}, {"year": 1272, "year_label": "1272 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 22", "text": "May 22 – King Hugh III of Cyprus (\"the Great\") signs a peace with Sultan Baibars, Mamluk ruler of Egypt, at Caesarea. The Kingdom of Jerusalem is guaranteed for 10 years the possession of its present lands, which consists mainly of the narrow coastal plain from Acre to Sidon, together with the right to use without hindrance the pilgrim-road to Nazareth. The County of Tripoli is safeguarded by the peace treaty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362176275#Levant", "title": "1272", "revid": 1362176275, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1283, "year_label": "1283 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June", "text": "June – Qalawun (\"the Victorious\"), Mamluk ruler of Egypt, signs a peace treaty for 10 years with the Crusader States at Caesarea. It guarantees the Crusaders the possession of the territory from the Ladder of Tyre, north of Acre, to Mount Carmel and Atlit. But Tyre and Beirut are excluded. The right of free pilgrimage to Nazareth is permitted for the Christians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347549431#Levant", "title": "1283", "revid": 1347549431, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1290, "year_label": "1290 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October", "text": "October – Qalawun orders a general mobilization of the Mamluk forces. In a council, it is decided that a peace delegation be sent to Cairo under Guillaume de Beaujeu, Grand Master of the Knights Templar. However, Qalawun demands huge compensation for those killed in Acre, and sends a Syrian army to the coast of Palestine, near Caesarea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343598991#Levant", "title": "1290", "revid": 1343598991, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}]}