{"slug": "calvinism", "label": "Calvinism", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvinism", "wikidata": null, "qid": null, "description": null, "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [1541, 1939], "span_label": ["1541 CE", "1939 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "protestantism", "label": "Protestantism", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-france", "label": "Kingdom of France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "dutch-republic", "label": "Dutch Republic", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "old-swiss-confederacy", "label": "Old Swiss Confederacy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "thirty-years-war", "label": "Thirty Years' War", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "eighty-years-war", "label": "Eighty Years' War", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "spanish-netherlands", "label": "Spanish Netherlands", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "philip-ii-of-spain", "label": "Philip II of Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "geneva", "label": "Geneva", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ferdinand-ii-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "flanders", "label": "Flanders", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 13", "text": "September 13 – After three years of exile, John Calvin returns to Geneva to reform the church under a body of doctrine that comes to be known as Calvinism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813253#July–September", "title": "1541", "revid": 1361813253, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1561, "year_label": "1561 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The first Calvinists settle in England, after fleeing Flanders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358043209#Date_unknown", "title": "1561", "revid": 1358043209, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1566, "year_label": "1566 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – King Philip II of Spain sends a final letter to the administrators and Catholic bishops of the Spanish Netherlands, rejecting a request to abolish ordinances treating Protestants as heretics. The decision leads to an uprising against Spain by Calvinists and ultimately to the Eighty Years War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365562466#July–September", "title": "1566", "revid": 1365562466, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1583, "year_label": "1583 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 4", "text": "February 4 – Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg, newly converted to Calvinism, formally marries Agnes von Mansfeld-Eisleben, a former canoness of Gerresheim, while retaining his position as Archbishop-Elector of Cologne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363312090#January–March", "title": "1583", "revid": 1363312090, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1629, "year_label": "1629 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of Restitution, ordering all Catholic properties lost to Protestantism since 1552 to be restored. The Edict further provides that Catholics and Lutherans (but not Calvinists, Hussites or members of other sects) are to be allowed to practice their faith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365103352#January–March", "title": "1629", "revid": 1365103352, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1648, "year_label": "1648 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – Signing of the Treaties of Münster and Osnabrück concludes the Peace of Westphalia, ending the Thirty Years' War. Rulers of the Imperial States can personally convert to Protestant, Catholic or Calvinist. Ecclesiastical property is restored to the status of 1624, with the minorities of each of the three recognized faiths granted toleration of worship, and there is general recognition of exclusive sovereignty, including that of the Dutch Republic and Switzerland. France and Sweden gain territory, and the latter is granted an indemnity. However, France remains at war with Spain until 1659. Prisoners of war should be released and allowed to return to their homelands without ransom after hostilities end.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346163846#October–December", "title": "1648", "revid": 1346163846, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1765, "year_label": "1765 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 30", "text": "July 30 – At Yale College, eight students attack the residence of Yale's President Thomas Clap because of his promotion of \"New Light\" Calvinist doctrine; and \"with Evil Intent\" and \"with Strong hand burst and take off the gates of the yard of the mansion house and Carry away and with Screaming and Shouting... throw into said House Numbers of large stones with Cattles Horns into the windows of said House.\" The students plead guilty and pay nominal fines, and Clap resigns at the end of the 1765–66 school year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373039097#July–December", "title": "1765", "revid": 1373039097, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – R. C. Sproul, American Reformed theologian, author and pastor, founder of Ligonier Ministries (d. 2017)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372426050#January–February", "title": "1939", "revid": 1372426050, "section": "Births › January–February"}}]}