{"slug": "canada", "label": "Canada", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16", "qid": "Q16", "description": "country in North America", "entries": 34, "years": 28, "span": [1603, 2025], "span_label": ["1603 CE", "2025 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 10}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 5}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 3}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "united-states", "label": "United States", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "united-kingdom", "label": "United Kingdom", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "australia", "label": "Australia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mexico", "label": "Mexico", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "quebec", "label": "Quebec", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "british-empire", "label": "British Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "halifax-nova-scotia", "label": "Halifax, Nova Scotia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "soviet-union", "label": "Soviet Union", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "brazil", "label": "Brazil", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-nations", "label": "United Nations", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1603, "year_label": "1603 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – French explorer Samuel de Champlain departs from the Channel port of Honfleur in the Calvados département in the Kingdom of France for his first voyage to the settlement of New France in what is now Canada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656830#January–March", "title": "1603", "revid": 1366656830, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1613, "year_label": "1613 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 27", "text": "March 27 – The first English child is born in what will become Canada at Cuper's Cove, Newfoundland to Nicholas Guy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366649732#January–March", "title": "1613", "revid": 1366649732, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1663, "year_label": "1663 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – An earthquake estimated at least 7.3 magnitude strikes Canada's Quebec Province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988068#January–March", "title": "1663", "revid": 1365988068, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1670, "year_label": "1670 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – The Hudson's Bay Company is granted a royal charter in England with the jurisdiction to control administration and commerce in \"Rupert's Land\", governed for the crown by Rupert, Duke of Cumberland, the cousin of King Charles II. The land is a 1.5 million square mile area of what is now Canada around Hudson Bay. The area controlled covers all of the modern province of Manitoba, most of Saskatchewan, and significant portions of Alberta and Nunavut, as well as parts of what are now Ontario and Quebec, and parts of the U.S. states of Minnesota, North Dakota and Montana.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368809725#April–June", "title": "1670", "revid": 1368809725, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1760, "year_label": "1760 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 8", "text": "September 8 – Seven Years' War: Jeffery Amherst and his British troops capture Montreal from the French, effectively bringing Canada completely under British control.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358844484#July–September", "title": "1760", "revid": 1358844484, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1764, "year_label": "1764 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – Conditional repatriation of the Acadians in Canada, French colonists who took up arms against the British during the war, is approved by order of King George III on advice of the Privy Council. The Council offers settlement to any Acadians willing to take an oath of allegiance to the British Crown and that those living in New Brunswick are to \"be allowed to settle in Nova Scotia, but that they should be dispersed in small numbers in various localities.\"", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363539304#July–September", "title": "1764", "revid": 1363539304, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1775, "year_label": "1775 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress bans trade with Canada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365589248#January–June", "title": "1775", "revid": 1365589248, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1851, "year_label": "1851 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28 – Total solar eclipse visible in Canada, Greenland, Iceland and Northern Europe, the first solar eclipse to be photographed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358777790#July–September", "title": "1851", "revid": 1358777790, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1867, "year_label": "1867 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – Canadian Confederation: The British North America Act of 29 March comes into force, creating the Dominion of Canada, the first independent dominion in the British Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365231456#July", "title": "1867", "revid": 1365231456, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1871, "year_label": "1871 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – British Columbia joins the confederation of Canada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368649173#July–September", "title": "1871", "revid": 1368649173, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1877, "year_label": "1877 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 5", "text": "May 5 – Great Sioux War of 1876: Sitting Bull leads his band of Lakota into Canada, to avoid harassment by the U.S. Army under Colonel Nelson Miles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370239819#May", "title": "1877", "revid": 1370239819, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1891, "year_label": "1891 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 12", "text": "January 12 – Canada brings suit before the United States Supreme Court in re seizures of vessels in the Bering Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369994059#January", "title": "1891", "revid": 1369994059, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1894, "year_label": "1894 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – Canada's largest known landslide occurs in Saint-Alban, Quebec, displacing 185 e6m3 of rock and dirt, and leaving a 40 m scar that covers 4.6 e6m2 .", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369810485#April", "title": "1894", "revid": 1369810485, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – The International Railway (New York–Ontario) switches to one-man crews for its trolleys in Canada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372527586#June", "title": "1928", "revid": 1372527586, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 11", "text": "December 11 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom enacts the Statute of Westminster, which establishes a status of legislative equality between the self-governing dominions of the Commonwealth of Australia, Canada, the Irish Free State, Newfoundland, the Dominion of New Zealand and the Union of South Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310518#December", "title": "1931", "revid": 1371310518, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – WWII: Operation Fish – A British convoy including HMS Batory sails from Greenock (Scotland) for Halifax, Nova Scotia, carrying gold bar and other valuables worth $1.7 billion for safe keeping in Canada, the largest movement of wealth in history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#July", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – WWII: Operation Fish – British Royal Navy cruiser sails from Greenock (Scotland) in convoy for Halifax, Nova Scotia (arriving July 1), carrying a large part of the gold reserves of the United Kingdom and securities for safe keeping in Canada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#June", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – The United Nations is founded by ratification of its Charter, by 29 nations including the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Canada, Egypt, Brazil, Haiti, Luxembourg, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia and others.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#October", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – The former British colony of Newfoundland joins Canada, as its 10th province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#March", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1951, "year_label": "1951 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10 – A formal peace agreement between Canada and Germany is signed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368856437#July", "title": "1951", "revid": 1368856437, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the British Dominions: Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon. The princess, who is on a visit to Kenya when she hears of the death of her father, King George VI, aged 56, takes the regnal name Elizabeth II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#January–February", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1995, "year_label": "1995 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 30", "text": "October 30 – Quebec independentists narrowly lose a referendum for a mandate to negotiate independence from Canada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372467239#October", "title": "1995", "revid": 1372467239, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – The 2007 Ellie tornado becomes the only F5 tornado recorded under the use of the Fujita scale in Canada, reaching windspeeds up to 320 mph (510 km/h).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#June", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2017, "year_label": "2017 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "January 29", "text": "January 29 – A gunman opens fire at a mosque in Quebec City, Canada, killing 6 and injuring 19 others.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371948773#January", "title": "2017", "revid": 1371948773, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2017, "year_label": "2017 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – March 2017 North American blizzard: A major late-season blizzard affects the Northeastern United States, New England and Canada, dumping up to three feet of snow in the hardest hit areas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371948773#March", "title": "2017", "revid": 1371948773, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2018, "year_label": "2018 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 13", "text": "June 13 – FIFA awards hosting rights for the 2026 World Cup to a joint bid from Canada, Mexico and the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373090883#June", "title": "2018", "revid": 1373090883, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2018, "year_label": "2018 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8–9 – The 44th G7 summit is held in Canada. President Trump pushes for the reinstatement of the G8 (to include Russia). He also proposes the elimination of tariffs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373090883#June", "title": "2018", "revid": 1373090883, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2018, "year_label": "2018 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – The 2018 Venezuelan presidential election was held with incumbent President Nicolás Maduro reelected with 67.8% of the vote and the lowest turnout in Venezuela's modern democratic history since the 1958 coup d'état. The elections were denounced as a \"sham\" by several Latin American countries, the United States, Canada, the Organization of American States and the European Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373090883#May", "title": "2018", "revid": 1373090883, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2018, "year_label": "2018 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "May 31", "text": "May 31 – The U.S. announces that it will extend its tariffs on imported steel (25%) and aluminium (10%) to include the EU, Mexico and Canada, starting at midnight.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373090883#May", "title": "2018", "revid": 1373090883, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 6", "text": "December 6 – The United States announces a diplomatic boycott of the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing in response to China's human rights record. Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia join shortly after.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372689859#December", "title": "2021", "revid": 1372689859, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15 – A large eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai, a submarine volcano in Tonga, triggers tsunami warnings in Australia, Canada, Chile, Fiji, Japan, New Zealand, Samoa, and the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#January", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – Canada and Denmark end their competing claims for Hans Island by dividing the island roughly in half, ending what was referred to as the Whisky War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#June", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – Canada and Saudi Arabia agree to restore full diplomatic relations after a breakdown in relations in 2018 over the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#May", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – The UK, Canada, and Australia announce their formal recognition of Palestine as a sovereign state, with France also doing so the next day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#September", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › September"}}]}