{"slug": "capua", "label": "Capua", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capua", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58477", "qid": "Q58477", "description": "Italian comune", "entries": 24, "years": 24, "span": [-599, 1501], "span_label": ["600 BCE", "1501 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 17}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "duchy-of-benevento", "label": "Duchy of Benevento", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "roman-senate", "label": "Roman Senate", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "lombardy", "label": "Lombardy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "duchy-of-spoleto", "label": "Duchy of Spoleto", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "benevento", "label": "Benevento", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "salerno", "label": "Salerno", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bari", "label": "Bari", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "principality-of-capua", "label": "Principality of Capua", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "duchy-of-naples", "label": "Duchy of Naples", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "campania", "label": "Campania", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": -599, "year_label": "600 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Capua is founded by Etruscans. (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372139014#Western_Europe", "title": "600 BC", "revid": 1372139014, "section": "Events › By place › Western Europe"}}, {"year": -437, "year_label": "438 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The city of Capua falls to the Samnites.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326570904#Italy", "title": "438 BC", "revid": 1326570904, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -339, "year_label": "340 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Romans succeed in detaching the Campanians from their alliance with the Latins (through their fear of the Samnites) and induce them to make a separate peace. Three Campanian cities, including Capua and Cumae, are granted Roman citizenship and thus become part of the Roman state. The Roman state now extends to the Bay of Naples.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1239354213#Roman_Republic", "title": "340 BC", "revid": 1239354213, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -313, "year_label": "314 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "While the consuls are fighting the Samnites at Tarracina, the Romans elect Gaius Maenius as Dictator with Marcus Foslius Flaccinator as his Magister Equitum (Master-of-Horse, Second-in-Command) and send them into Campania at the head of a large army. When Maenius and Foslius arrive near Capua, the Campanians, hearing about the defeat of the Samnites at Tarracina, start negotiating terms with the Romans; they surrender those who are guilty of the uprising and in turn are reinstated in their alliance with Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242240408#Roman_Republic", "title": "314 BC", "revid": 1242240408, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -311, "year_label": "312 BCE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The Roman censor, Appius Claudius Caecus, a patrician, enters office and begins construction of the Appian Way (the Via Appia) between Rome and Capua. He also embarks on a program of political reform, including the distribution of the landless citizens of Rome among the tribes, which at this time constitute basic political units. Appius also admits sons of freedmen into the Roman Senate. He also asserts the right of freed slaves to hold office.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172925#Italy", "title": "312 BC", "revid": 1354172925, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -215, "year_label": "216 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The city of Capua switches sides to join Hannibal and the Carthaginian army winters there.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336012311#Roman_Republic", "title": "216 BC", "revid": 1336012311, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -214, "year_label": "215 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Hannibal's forces occupy the cities of Heraclea and Thurii. However, Hannibal is unable to prevent the Romans from besieging Capua.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337286145#Roman_Republic", "title": "215 BC", "revid": 1337286145, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -211, "year_label": "212 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Roman consuls, Appius Claudius Pulcher and Quintus Fulvius Flaccus, besiege Capua with eight legions. Hanno moves to Beneventum to try to help the inhabitants of Capua, but he is defeated by the Romans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325637712#Roman_Republic", "title": "212 BC", "revid": 1325637712, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -210, "year_label": "211 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Romans besiege the town of Capua (which is allied with Hannibal). The town eventually falls to the Romans and its citizens are punished by them. The town's nobility are put to the sword, its territory is confiscated and its municipal organisation is dissolved.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325637763#Roman_Republic", "title": "211 BC", "revid": 1325637763, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -104, "year_label": "105 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "At Rome, the first official gladiator match is demonstrated by gladiators from Capua, as part of a training program for the military.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1225571066#Roman_Republic", "title": "105 BC", "revid": 1225571066, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -72, "year_label": "73 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Third Servile War: Spartacus, a Thracian gladiator, escapes with around 70 slave-gladiators from a gladiator school at Capua. They defeat a small Roman force and equip themselves with captured military equipment as well with gladiatorial weapons. Spartacus and his band of gladiators plunder the region surrounding Capua and retire to a defensible position on Mount Vesuvius.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1232397998#Roman_Republic", "title": "73 BC", "revid": 1232397998, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 456, "year_label": "456 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Capua is destroyed by the Vandals. Ricimer is unable to end piracy in the western Mediterranean. Backed by his popularity, he gains the consent of the Senate for an expedition against Avitus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752999#Roman_Empire", "title": "456", "revid": 1364752999, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 786, "year_label": "786 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Charles the Younger, son of Charlemagne and ruler of Aquitaine, visits Monte Cassino and Capua, both in Beneventan territory. Prince Arechis II, feeling threatened by the Franks, decides that he needs to stop quarrelling with the Byzantine Duchy of Naples so he can focus on the Frankish foe. Prince Arechis II therefore signs a peace agreement, or 'pactum', with the Duchy of Naples.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848276#Europe", "title": "786", "revid": 1340848276, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 876, "year_label": "876 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "John VIII travels throughout Campania, in an effort to form an alliance among the southern Italian states (the cities of Salerno, Capua, Naples, Gaeta and Amalfi) against Muslim raids.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070562#Religion", "title": "876", "revid": 1267070562, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 880, "year_label": "880 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Lambert I, duke of Spoleto, dies while besieging the city of Capua. He is succeeded by his son Guy II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372561483#Europe", "title": "880", "revid": 1372561483, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 900, "year_label": "900 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Docibilis I of Gaeta and his Saracen mercenaries attack Capua, in vain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364042634#Europe", "title": "900", "revid": 1364042634, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 967, "year_label": "967 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Otto I goes on a tour of the Lombard duchies of southern Italy. In Capua he grants Pandulf I (Ironhead) the vacant Duchy of Spoleto and Camerino and charges him with prosecuting the war against the Byzantine Empire. In Benevento, Otto receives the homage of Pandulf's brother and co-ruler Landulf III. In Salerno he receives also the support of Gisulf I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919490#Europe", "title": "967", "revid": 1364919490, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 968, "year_label": "968 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor Otto I (the Great) travels to Capua to meet there with ambassadors of Nikephoros II, who again reiterate their friendship, but refuse to consent to his dowry demands (see 967). Otto invades the Byzantine Theme of Langobardia with a Lombard expeditionary force. With the assistance of Benevento-Capua and naval support from Pisa, Otto attempts to take Bari by assault, but Byzantine resistance is stiff, and Otto withdraws back to Ravenna.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919231#Europe", "title": "968", "revid": 1364919231, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 969, "year_label": "969 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Pandulf Ironhead, duke of Benevento and Capua, leads the siege of Bovino. He is captured by the Byzantines and taken in chains to Bari, and jailed in Constantinople. Neapolitan forces under Marinus II, duke of Naples, invade Benevento-Capua, capture the city of Avellino and then lay siege to Capua.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590679#Europe", "title": "969", "revid": 1365590679, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1017, "year_label": "1017 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Melus of Bari, a Lombard nobleman, revolts and is supported by Norman mercenaries at Capua. He marches into Apulia to catch the Byzantine army off-guard. Melus defeats the Byzantines on the banks of the Fortore River and ravages the territory in Apulia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212758#Europe", "title": "1017", "revid": 1342212758, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 1022, "year_label": "1022 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor Henry II divides his army into three columns and descends through Rome onto Capua after the Lombard states of Southern Italy had switched their allegiance to the Byzantinians in the wake of the battle of Cannae four years earlier. The bulk of the expeditionary force (20,000 men) led by Henry, makes its way down the Adriatic coast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213197#Europe", "title": "1022", "revid": 1342213197, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1025, "year_label": "1025 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 15", "text": "December 15 – Byzantine Emperor Basil II (\"Bulgar Slayer\") dies in Constantinople after a 50-year reign. Never married, he is succeeded by his brother and co-emperor Constantine VIII, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. Constantine calls the Sicilian invasion off. Catapan Basil Boioannes diverts the Byzantine expeditionary force already assembled on Calabria, to join the siege of Capua.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367042525#Events", "title": "1025", "revid": 1367042525, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1058, "year_label": "1058 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Norman conquest of southern Italy: Norman forces under Richard Drengot besiege and capture Capua. He takes the princely title from Prince Landulf VIII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269479149#Europe", "title": "1058", "revid": 1269479149, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1501, "year_label": "1501 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – Cesare Borgia's French troops storm and overtake the fortress at Capua in the Kingdom of Naples, overcoming the defense of Fabrizio Colonna in the occupation of the Spanish Kingdom of Aragon in southern Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360582028#April–June", "title": "1501", "revid": 1360582028, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}