{"slug": "cardinal-richelieu", "label": "Cardinal Richelieu", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26702", "qid": "Q26702", "description": "French clergyman, cardinal, noble and statesman (1585-1642)", "entries": 12, "years": 10, "span": [1616, 1639], "span_label": ["1616 CE", "1639 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "louis-xiii", "label": "Louis XIII", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "paris", "label": "Paris", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "april", "label": "April", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "normandy", "label": "Normandy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "habsburg-monarchy", "label": "Habsburg monarchy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-france", "label": "New France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "samuel-de-champlain", "label": "Samuel de Champlain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cardinal-catholic-church", "label": "Cardinal (Catholic Church)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "marie-de-medici", "label": "Marie de' Medici", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 30", "text": "November 30 – Cardinal Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, is named French Secretary of State by young king Louis XIII. Richelieu will change France into a unified centralised state, able to resist both England and the Habsburg Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#November-December", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › November-December"}}, {"year": 1622, "year_label": "1622 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 5", "text": "September 5 – Armand Jean du Plessis becomes Cardinal Richelieu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366857889#July–September", "title": "1622", "revid": 1366857889, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1624, "year_label": "1624 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 29", "text": "April 29 – Louis XIII of France appoints Cardinal Richelieu to the Conseil du Roi (Royal Council).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331350573#April–June", "title": "1624", "revid": 1331350573, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1624, "year_label": "1624 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – Cardinal Richelieu is appointed by Louis XIII of France to be his chief minister, having intrigued against Charles de La Vieuville, Superintendent of Finances, arrested for corruption the previous day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331350573#July–September", "title": "1624", "revid": 1331350573, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1629, "year_label": "1629 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – Huguenot rebellions: Montauban, one of the last Huguenot strongholds, surrenders without a fight to Richelieu's troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365103352#July–September", "title": "1629", "revid": 1365103352, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1630, "year_label": "1630 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 10", "text": "November 10 – Day of the Dupes: Marie de' Medici attempts to oust Cardinal Richelieu from the French Court, but fails after two days.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351974391#October–December", "title": "1630", "revid": 1351974391, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1633, "year_label": "1633 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France, on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369169348#January–March", "title": "1633", "revid": 1369169348, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1634, "year_label": "1634 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Cardinal Richelieu gathers members for the Académie Française which will be formally established in 1635).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353730997#Date_unknown", "title": "1634", "revid": 1353730997, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1636, "year_label": "1636 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 30", "text": "July 30 – In France, Cardinal Richelieu persuades King Louis XIII to issue an ordonnance excusing the French nobility from military service if they pay a tax which allows the hiring of paid cavalry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358525522#July–September", "title": "1636", "revid": 1358525522, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1638, "year_label": "1638 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – Cardinal Mazarin becomes the first adviser to French potentate Richelieu, on the death of Leclerc du Tremblay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352457236#October–December", "title": "1638", "revid": 1352457236, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1639, "year_label": "1639 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "April", "text": "April – Italian-born Cardinal Mazarin, apostolic nuncio to Paris and adviser to Cardinal Richelieu, is naturalized French by letters patent; in December, he leaves the service of Rome to enter that of King Louis XIII of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360051116#April–June", "title": "1639", "revid": 1360051116, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1639, "year_label": "1639 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 30", "text": "November 30 – In Normandy, the revolt of the va-nu-pieds is crushed by the troops of French Army Colonel Jean de Gassion under orders of Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, with 300 of the rebels killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360051116#October–December", "title": "1639", "revid": 1360051116, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}