{"slug": "central-italy", "label": "Central Italy", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Italy", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127320", "qid": "Q1127320", "description": "geographic region of Italy", "entries": 13, "years": 13, "span": [541, 1703], "span_label": ["541 CE", "1703 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "lombards", "label": "Lombards", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tuscany", "label": "Tuscany", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-army", "label": "Byzantine army", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "goths", "label": "Goths", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "fortification", "label": "Fortification", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-genoa", "label": "Republic of Genoa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-pisa", "label": "Republic of Pisa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lucca", "label": "Lucca", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "balkans", "label": "Balkans", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "agilulf", "label": "Agilulf", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 541, "year_label": "541 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Siege of Verona: Totila defends the city of Verona against a numerically superior Byzantine army. He gains control over the Po Valley and prepares a Gothic offensive in Central Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1299131059#Europe", "title": "541", "revid": 1299131059, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 545, "year_label": "545 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gothic War: King Totila establishes his military base at Tivoli (Central Italy), and prepares a campaign to reconquer the region of Latium.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340799600#Europe", "title": "545", "revid": 1340799600, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 549, "year_label": "549 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Totila conquers the city of Perugia (Central Italy) and stations a Gothic garrison. He takes bishop Herculanus prisoner, and orders him to be completely flayed. The Ostrogoth soldier asked to perform this gruesome execution shows pity, and decapitates Herculanus before the skin on every part of his body is removed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557736#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "549", "revid": 1369557736, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 573, "year_label": "573 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Cleph completes the Lombard conquest of Tuscany (Central Italy) and extends his dominion to the gates of Ravenna.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332331069#Europe", "title": "573", "revid": 1332331069, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 575, "year_label": "575 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Cerbonius, bishop of Populonia (Central Italy)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367658531#Deaths", "title": "575", "revid": 1367658531, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 592, "year_label": "592 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ariulf becomes the second Duke of Spoleto (Central Italy).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754934#Europe", "title": "592", "revid": 1364754934, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 595, "year_label": "595 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Lombards sack the town of Terracina (Central Italy). After they conquer more cities, Terracina remains an important military stronghold of the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367658603#Europe", "title": "595", "revid": 1367658603, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 605, "year_label": "605 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Phocas recognizes Agilulf as king of the Lombards, and signs a peace treaty. He pays a tribute and cedes Orvieto (Central Italy), among other towns. The Byzantine army is withdrawn from the Balkan Peninsula.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364904400#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "605", "revid": 1364904400, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 653, "year_label": "653 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Atto succeeds Theodelap as duke of Spoleto, in Central Italy (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635810#Europe", "title": "653", "revid": 1367635810, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 758, "year_label": "758 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Desiderius deposes Alboin, duke of Spoleto (Central Italy), and exercises ducal authority himself, tying the duchy more closely to the Lombard capital of Pavia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366654492#Europe", "title": "758", "revid": 1366654492, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1225, "year_label": "1225 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – The Republic of Massa is founded in Central Italy with Bernardino del fu Losco as its first podesta appointed by the council of nine lords to serve as executive of the independent state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333322984#July_–_September", "title": "1225", "revid": 1333322984, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1289, "year_label": "1289 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Battle of Campaldino: Pro-papal Guelph forces of Florence and their allies, Lucca, Pistoia, Prato and Siena under Viscount Aimery IV defeat the Ghibelline army (some 10,000 men) in Tuscany. Florence becomes the dominant power in Central Italy; powerful merchant guilds take on a more political role in the communal government against their rivals of Genoa, Pisa and Venice.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332007955#Europe", "title": "1289", "revid": 1332007955, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1703, "year_label": "1703 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – 1703 Apennine earthquakes: The magnitude 6.7 Norcia earthquake affects Central Italy with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). With a death toll of 6,240–9,761, it is the first in a sequence of three destructive events.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369923832#January–March", "title": "1703", "revid": 1369923832, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}