{"slug": "champa", "label": "Champa", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champa", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216786", "qid": "Q216786", "description": "Civilization, comprised of multiple kingdoms, sometimes unified, sometimes not, in South-East Asia", "entries": 21, "years": 20, "span": [192, 1471], "span_label": ["192 CE", "1471 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 15}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}], "related": [{"slug": "vietnam", "label": "Vietnam", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "ai-viet", "label": "Đại Việt", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ly-dynasty", "label": "Lý dynasty", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kublai-khan", "label": "Kublai Khan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hanoi", "label": "Hanoi", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "java", "label": "Java", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "fujian", "label": "Fujian", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "march", "label": "March", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "yuan-dynasty", "label": "Yuan dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "khmer-empire", "label": "Khmer Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "le-hoan", "label": "Lê Hoàn", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 192, "year_label": "192 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The kingdom of Champa begins to control south and central Vietnam (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310282#Vietnam", "title": "AD 192", "revid": 1371310282, "section": "Events › By place › Vietnam"}}, {"year": 270, "year_label": "270 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Fan Hsiung, a.k.a. Pham Hung, comes to power in Champa and raids the Chinese-occupied territory of Tonkin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358050431#Asia", "title": "270", "revid": 1358050431, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 529, "year_label": "529 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Rudravarman is granted investiture by China, as the first king of the fourth dynasty of Champa (modern Vietnam).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351343002#Southeast_Asia", "title": "529", "revid": 1351343002, "section": "Events › By place › Southeast Asia"}}, {"year": 544, "year_label": "544 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February", "text": "February – Lý Bí is declared emperor and establishes the empire Van Xuân (modern Vietnam). His armies repel attacks from the kingdom of Champa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1317382475#Asia", "title": "544", "revid": 1317382475, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 875, "year_label": "875 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "King Jayavarman III founds a new dynasty at Indrapura (Quảng Nam) in Champa, in the central region of modern-day Vietnam. He initiates a building program in the Dong Duong Style.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352180718#Asia", "title": "875", "revid": 1352180718, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 989, "year_label": "989 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In Vietnam during the Early Le dynasty, provincial governor Dương Tiến Lộc seized control of the two provinces Hoan and Ái in an attempt to request annexation to Champa, which was rejected. He then rebelled against the emperor but was quickly suppressed within the same year, resulting in heavy civilian casualties in both provinces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624689#Asia", "title": "989", "revid": 1357624689, "section": "Events › Asia"}}, {"year": 1069, "year_label": "1069 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Nam tiến, the southward expansion of the territory of Đại Việt (modern Vietnam), begins when a Lý dynasty army attacks Champa, capturing King Rudravarman III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1243049384#Asia", "title": "1069", "revid": 1243049384, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1103, "year_label": "1103 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Lý Giác, a wizard, launched a rebellion against king Lý Nhân Tông of the Lý dynasty. The national army led by Lý Thường Kiệt quickly quelled the rebellion. Lý Giác then escaped to Champa and later provoked the war between the two countries which lasted for nearly 2 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265973#Vietnam", "title": "1103", "revid": 1365265973, "section": "Events › By place › Vietnam"}}, {"year": 1104, "year_label": "1104 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "After the raid on Đại Việt in 1103, the Champa army under king Jaya Indravarman II successfully retakes three provinces in the Địa Lý regions but is quickly defeated by the national forces led by Lý Thường Kiệt, and is forced to withdraw from the country. Đại Việt under the Lý dynasty then takes control of the three Địa Lý provinces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365271015#Vietnam", "title": "1104", "revid": 1365271015, "section": "Events › By place › Vietnam"}}, {"year": 1128, "year_label": "1128 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Forces of the kingdom of Champa invade Đại Việt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348046025#Asia", "title": "1128", "revid": 1348046025, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1191, "year_label": "1191 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Jayavarman VII of the Khmer Empire sacks the capital of Champa (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170549#Asia", "title": "1191", "revid": 1362170549, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1283, "year_label": "1283 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13–14 – Battle of Thị Nại Bay: A Mongol-led Yuan expeditionary force (some 5,000 men) lands on the beach, near Champa's capital Vijaya in Vietnam. Despite being outnumbered, the Yuan invaders break the Cham defensive line and force King Indravarman V to retreat to the Western Highlands, where he wages a successful guerrilla campaign against the occupying Yuan forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347549431#Asia", "title": "1283", "revid": 1347549431, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1285, "year_label": "1285 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – Battle of Chương Dương: Joint forces of Champa and Đại Việt defeat the Mongol-led Yuan fleet on the Red River. Most of the Yuan warships are burned during the battle, and the Mongol army retreats to China in late June. The Vietnamese royal court returns to the capital in Thang Long following a six-month conflict.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359686470#Asia", "title": "1285", "revid": 1359686470, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1288, "year_label": "1288 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – Battle of Bạch Đằng: Đại Việt (Vietnamese) general Trần Hưng Đạo sinks the fleet of an invading Mongol-led Yuan expeditionary army (some 94,000 men). He orders the placing of steel-tipped bamboo stakes (to create an ambush) in the Bach Dang River near Ha Long Bay. This ends the intentions of Kublai Khan to conquer Vietnam and Champa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367964096#Asia", "title": "1288", "revid": 1367964096, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1292, "year_label": "1292 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Kublai Khan sends a Mongol expeditionary force (some 20,000 men) to Java. He collects an invasion fleet with some 500–1,000 ships and enough provisions for a year from Fujian, Jiangxi and Huguang in southern China. The fleet travels past Champa (modern Vietnam) and the Karimata Islands. The Mongols land on Java, taking the capital of Kediri, but it proves impossible to hold.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358845029#Asia", "title": "1292", "revid": 1358845029, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1313, "year_label": "1313 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Tran Anh Tong, emperor of Annam (Northern Vietnam), occupies Champa (Southern Vietnam) and establishes the Cham royal dynasty as puppet rulers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694602#Asia", "title": "1313", "revid": 1361694602, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1362, "year_label": "1362 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March", "text": "March – Champa, during the reign of King Po Binasuor, raids Hóa Châu of Đại Việt, then withdraws.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360556919#January–December", "title": "1362", "revid": 1360556919, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1390, "year_label": "1390 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Ko Cheng succeeds Che Bong Nga, as King of Champa (now eastern Vietnam).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631980#January–March", "title": "1390", "revid": 1371631980, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1470, "year_label": "1470 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – Lê Thánh Tông leads the Đại Việt army into Champa, conquering the country in less than three months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853032#October–December", "title": "1470", "revid": 1359853032, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1470, "year_label": "1470 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 28", "text": "November 28 – Emperor Lê Thánh Tông of Đại Việt launches a naval expedition against Champa, beginning the Cham–Annamese War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853032#October–December", "title": "1470", "revid": 1359853032, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1471, "year_label": "1471 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 22", "text": "March 22 – The Empire of Dai Viet in north Vietnam triumphs over the Champa Kingdom of south Vietnam after Dai Viet Emperor Le Thanh Tong ignores the offer of Champa King Tra Toan to surrender Vijaya. After the city walls are breached, King Tra Toan, his family and 30,000 other Chams are captured as prisoners, while over 60,000 other Chams are killed. Another 40,000 residents who did not die in the fighting are executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370196979#January–March", "title": "1471", "revid": 1370196979, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}