{"slug": "channel-islands", "label": "Channel Islands", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_Islands", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42314", "qid": "Q42314", "description": "archipelago in the English Channel", "entries": 9, "years": 9, "span": [709, 2008], "span_label": ["709 CE", "2008 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "ireland", "label": "Ireland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "wales", "label": "Wales", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "henry-iii-of-england", "label": "Henry III of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edward-i-of-england", "label": "Edward I of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "duchy-of-gascony", "label": "Duchy of Gascony", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bristol", "label": "Bristol", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-great-britain", "label": "Kingdom of Great Britain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "philip-ii-of-france", "label": "Philip II of France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "duchy-of-normandy", "label": "Duchy of Normandy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "elizabeth-i", "label": "Elizabeth I", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 709, "year_label": "709 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "A storm separates the Channel Islands of Jethou and Herm.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807109#Environmental_change", "title": "709", "revid": 1340807109, "section": "Events › By topic › Environmental change"}}, {"year": 933, "year_label": "933 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "William I (\"Longsword\"), duke of Normandy, recognises King Rudolph as his overlord. In turn he gives William the Cotentin Peninsula and the Channel Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364917339#Europe", "title": "933", "revid": 1364917339, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1204, "year_label": "1204 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Channel Islands of Guernsey and Jersey decide, after a plebiscite of wealthy land owners, to remain with the English crown, after Normandy is recaptured by Philip II of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361051821#Events", "title": "1204", "revid": 1361051821, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1254, "year_label": "1254 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Henry III of England grants his eldest son the Lord Edward areas of land including crown lands in Wales, Ireland, the Channel Islands and Gascony. He is also given the cities of Bristol, Stamford and Grantham. The reason for these concessions is to give Edward experience of governing lands of his own before becoming a king. Edward is granted the Three Castles in Wales, Skenfrith Castle, White Castle and Grosmont Castle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296887805#England", "title": "1254", "revid": 1296887805, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1565, "year_label": "1565 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 6", "text": "August 6 – Sark, in the Channel Islands, is granted as a fief by Elizabeth I of England to Hellier de Carteret, Seigneur of Saint Ouen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323811827#July–September", "title": "1565", "revid": 1323811827, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1660, "year_label": "1660 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – The office of Secretary of State for the Southern Department begins operations in the Kingdom of Great Britain, with responsibility for the colonies of British America in what will later become Canada and the United States, as well as for Ireland and for the Channel Islands. Sir Edward Nicholas, a former British Secretary of State, takes office as the first Southern Department secretary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986539#April–June", "title": "1660", "revid": 1365986539, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1781, "year_label": "1781 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – Battle of Jersey: British troops prevent the French from occupying Jersey in the Channel Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370562964#January–March", "title": "1781", "revid": 1370562964, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1852, "year_label": "1852 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "November 23", "text": "November 23 – The first roadside pillar boxes in the British Isles are brought into public use in Saint Helier, on Jersey in the Channel Islands, at the suggestion of English novelist Anthony Trollope, at this time an official of the British General Post Office.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354165010#October–December", "title": "1852", "revid": 1354165010, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 10", "text": "December 10 – The Channel Island of Sark, a British Crown dependency, holds its first fully democratic elections under a new constitutional arrangement, becoming the last European territory to abolish feudalism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372634791#December", "title": "2008", "revid": 1372634791, "section": "Events › December"}}]}