{"slug": "charles-de-gaulle", "label": "Charles de Gaulle", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2042", "qid": "Q2042", "description": "French general and statesman (1890–1970)", "entries": 18, "years": 11, "span": [1940, 1969], "span_label": ["1940 CE", "1969 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 7}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "algeria", "label": "Algeria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "montreal", "label": "Montreal", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nazi-germany", "label": "Nazi Germany", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "european-economic-community", "label": "European Economic Community", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "June", "text": "Appeal of 18 June: General Charles de Gaulle, de facto leader of the Free French Forces, makes his first broadcast appeal over Radio Londres from London, rallying the French Resistance, calling on all French people to continue the fight against Nazi Germany: \"France has lost a battle. But France has not lost the war.\"", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#June", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – General Charles de Gaulle is officially recognized by Britain as the \"Leader of all Free Frenchmen, wherever they may be.\"", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#June", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1945, "year_label": "1945 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 16", "text": "November 16 – Charles de Gaulle is unanimously elected president of France by the provisional government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371513862#November", "title": "1945", "revid": 1371513862, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 16", "text": "January 16 – Charles de Gaulle resigns as head of the French provisional government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372058859#January", "title": "1946", "revid": 1372058859, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 8", "text": "January 8 – Charles de Gaulle is inaugurated as the first president of the French Fifth Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#January", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 9", "text": "December 9 – French President Charles de Gaulle's visit to Algeria is bloodied by European and Muslim rioters in Algeria's largest cities. These riots cause 127 deaths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#December", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 22", "text": "January 22 – Charles de Gaulle, President of France, dismisses Jacques Massu as commander-in-chief of French troops in Algeria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#January", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 22", "text": "April 22 – Algiers putsch: Four French generals who oppose de Gaulle's policies in Algeria fail in a coup attempt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#April", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – In France, the Organisation de l'armée secrète (OAS) slips an anti-de Gaulle message into TV programming.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#September", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – Petit-Clamart attack: An assassination attempt is made against French President Charles de Gaulle by machine-gunning his car in the Paris suburbs. The mastermind, Jean Bastien-Thiry, will later be executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#August", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – The French National Assembly censures the proposed referendum to sanction presidential elections by popular mandate; Prime Minister Georges Pompidou resigns, but President de Gaulle asks him to stay in office.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#October", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1963, "year_label": "1963 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "January 29", "text": "January 29 – French President Charles de Gaulle vetoes the United Kingdom's entry into the European Common Market.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370539540#January", "title": "1963", "revid": 1370539540, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1963, "year_label": "1963 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – In Paris, six people are sentenced to death for conspiring to assassinate President Charles de Gaulle. De Gaulle pardons five, but the other conspirator, Jean Bastien-Thiry, is executed by firing squad several days later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370539540#March", "title": "1963", "revid": 1370539540, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1965, "year_label": "1965 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – The Mont Blanc Tunnel, a highway tunnel between France and Italy, is inaugurated by presidents Charles de Gaulle and Giuseppe Saragat.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368843670#July–August", "title": "1965", "revid": 1368843670, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – During an official state visit to Canada, French President Charles de Gaulle declares to a crowd of over 100,000 in Montreal: Vive le Québec libre! (Long live free Quebec!). The statement, interpreted as support for Quebec independence, delights many Quebecers but angers the Canadian government and many English Canadians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#July", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – Charles de Gaulle becomes the first French Co-Prince of Andorra to visit his Andorran subjects. In addition to being President of France, de Gaulle is a joint ruler (along with Spain's Bishop of Urgel) of the tiny nation located in the mountains between France and Spain, pursuant to the 1278 agreement creating the nation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#October", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "October 27", "text": "October 27 – French President Charles de Gaulle vetoes British entry into the European Economic Community for the second time in the decade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#October", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1969, "year_label": "1969 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 28", "text": "April 28 – Charles de Gaulle steps down as president of France after suffering defeat in a referendum the day before.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373164180#April", "title": "1969", "revid": 1373164180, "section": "Events › April"}}]}