{"slug": "charles-i-of-england", "label": "Charles I of England", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81506", "qid": "Q81506", "description": "King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 to 1649 (1600-1649)", "entries": 42, "years": 24, "span": [1616, 1672], "span_label": ["1616 CE", "1672 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 20}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 4}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "long-parliament", "label": "Long Parliament", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "roundhead", "label": "Roundhead", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "edinburgh", "label": "Edinburgh", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "parliament-of-england", "label": "Parliament of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "covenanter", "label": "Covenanter", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "oxford", "label": "Oxford", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ireland", "label": "Ireland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "scotland", "label": "Scotland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-scotland", "label": "Kingdom of Scotland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "march", "label": "March", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "james-vi-and-i", "label": "James VI and I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "anglican", "label": "Anglican", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "John Vaughan, 1st Earl of Carbery is appointed to the post of comptroller, in the newly formed household of Prince Charles in England; Vaughan later claims that serving the Prince has cost him £20,000.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#Date_unknown", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – Prince Charles (15-year-old surviving son of James I of England and Anne of Denmark) is invested as Prince of Wales at Whitehall in London, the last such formal investiture until 1911.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#November-December", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › November-December"}}, {"year": 1623, "year_label": "1623 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 30", "text": "August 30 – Negotiations, resumed in March, of the planned \"Spanish match\" break down. On October 5, Prince Charles returns to England from Spain without a bride.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655899#July–September", "title": "1623", "revid": 1366655899, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1623, "year_label": "1623 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 7", "text": "March 7 – Charles, Prince of Wales, the future King Charles I of England, travelling incognito with royal favourite George Villiers, arrives in Madrid to pursue negotiations over the \"Spanish match\", the Protestant Charles's proposed marriage with the Catholic Habsburg Infanta Maria Anna of Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655899#January–March", "title": "1623", "revid": 1366655899, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1626, "year_label": "1626 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – King Charles I of England is crowned, but without his wife, Henrietta Maria, who declines to participate in a non-Catholic ceremony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367580131#January–March", "title": "1626", "revid": 1367580131, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1626, "year_label": "1626 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – King Charles I of England dissolves the English Parliament.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367580131#April–June", "title": "1626", "revid": 1367580131, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1628, "year_label": "1628 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Writs issued in February, by King Charles I, require every county in England (not just seaport towns) to pay ship tax by this date.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352890088#January–March", "title": "1628", "revid": 1352890088, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1629, "year_label": "1629 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – Charles I of England dissolves Parliament, starting the Eleven Years' Tyranny", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365103352#January–March", "title": "1629", "revid": 1365103352, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1632, "year_label": "1632 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – Charles I of England issues a charter for the colony of Maryland (named in honor of Henrietta Maria), under the control of Lord Baltimore.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358528035#April–June", "title": "1632", "revid": 1358528035, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1633, "year_label": "1633 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – Charles I is crowned King of Scots at St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh, according to Anglican rite in his first visit to Scotland since early childhood, although he has been Scottish monarch since 1625.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369169348#April–June", "title": "1633", "revid": 1369169348, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1635, "year_label": "1635 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – The Royal Mail service is made available to the public by Charles I of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360049087#July–September", "title": "1635", "revid": 1360049087, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1637, "year_label": "1637 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – King Charles I of England issues a proclamation, attempting to stem emigration to the North American colonies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339166592#April–June", "title": "1637", "revid": 1339166592, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1637, "year_label": "1637 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – After a court battle, King Charles I of England hands over title to the North American colony of Massachusetts to Sir Ferdinando Gorges, one of the founders of Plymouth Council for New England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339166592#July–September", "title": "1637", "revid": 1339166592, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1638, "year_label": "1638 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – The Scottish National Covenant is signed in Edinburgh, Scotland, in opposition to changes to the Church of Scotland proposed by King Charles I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352457236#January–March", "title": "1638", "revid": 1352457236, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1638, "year_label": "1638 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 21", "text": "November 21 – The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is summoned to Glasgow, by King Charles I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352457236#October–December", "title": "1638", "revid": 1352457236, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1639, "year_label": "1639 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – King Charles I of England arrives with his army at Berwick-upon-Tweed as the first of the Bishops' Wars breaks out between the English Army and the Scottish Covenanters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360051116#April–June", "title": "1639", "revid": 1360051116, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1640, "year_label": "1640 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – The Short Parliament assembles, as King Charles I of England attempts to fund the second of the Bishops' Wars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361323300#April–June", "title": "1640", "revid": 1361323300, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1640, "year_label": "1640 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 26", "text": "October 26 – The Treaty of Ripon is signed, restoring peace between the Scottish Covenanters and Charles I of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361323300#October–December", "title": "1640", "revid": 1361323300, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1641, "year_label": "1641 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 – King Charles I of England gives his assent to the Triennial Act 1640, reluctantly committing himself to parliamentary sessions of at least fifty days, every three years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343658448#January–March", "title": "1641", "revid": 1343658448, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1641, "year_label": "1641 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 3", "text": "May 3 – The Protestation of 1641 is passed by England's Parliament, requiring all officeholders to swear an oath of allegiance to King Charles I and to the Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343658448#April–June", "title": "1641", "revid": 1343658448, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1641, "year_label": "1641 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 22", "text": "November 22 – By a vote of 159 to 148, the Long Parliament of England passes the Grand Remonstrance, with 204 specific objections to King Charles I's absolutist tendencies, and calling for the King to expel all Anglican bishops from the House of Lords.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343658448#October–December", "title": "1641", "revid": 1343658448, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1641, "year_label": "1641 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 2", "text": "October 2 – Scottish politician John Campbell takes office as Lord Chancellor of Scotland and is given the title of the Earl of Loudoun by Charles I in his capacity as King of Scotland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343658448#October–December", "title": "1641", "revid": 1343658448, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1642, "year_label": "1642 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – King Charles I of England, accompanied by soldiers, arrives at a session of the Long Parliament and attempts to arrest his chief opponents, the Five Members, John Hampden, Arthur Haselrig, Denzil Holles, John Pym and William Strode, for what he regards as treason but they escape and are protected by the Lord Mayor of London. This is the last time any monarch enters the House of Commons.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350256188#January–March", "title": "1642", "revid": 1350256188, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1642, "year_label": "1642 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10 – In a prelude to the First English Civil War, King Charles I of England besieges Hull in an attempt to gain control of its arsenal. The siege lasts until July 27, with Charles's Royalist Army failing to take the city from the Parliamentarians commanded by Governor John Hotham and General John Meldrum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350256188#July–September", "title": "1642", "revid": 1350256188, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1642, "year_label": "1642 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – The Committee of Safety is created by the English Parliament as a challenge to the authority of King Charles I. Five members of the House of Lords (Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland, Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland, Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke, and William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele) and ten members of the House of Commons (Nathaniel Fiennes, John Glynn, John Hampden, Denzil Holles, Henry Marten, John Merrick, William Pierrepoint, John Pym, Philip Stapleton and William Waller) are appointed to the Committee.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350256188#July–September", "title": "1642", "revid": 1350256188, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1642, "year_label": "1642 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – \"Nineteen Propositions\" are sent by the English House of Lords and House of Commons to Charles I, asking the King to consent to parliamentary approval for the members of his privy council, his chief officers, and new seats created for the House of Lords, as well as regulating the education and choice of marital partners of the King's children, and barring Roman Catholics from the Lords. The King's Answer, rejecting the Propositions, is read in Parliament on June 21.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350256188#April–June", "title": "1642", "revid": 1350256188, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1642, "year_label": "1642 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 30", "text": "October 30 – King Charles I of England enters Oxford and establishes his court there.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350256188#October–December", "title": "1642", "revid": 1350256188, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1643, "year_label": "1643 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – First English Civil War: First Battle of Middlewich – Roundheads (Parliamentarians) rout the Cavaliers (Royalist supporters of King Charles I) at Middlewich in Cheshire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340617365#January–March", "title": "1643", "revid": 1340617365, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1644, "year_label": "1644 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 22", "text": "January 22 – The Royalist Oxford Parliament is first assembled by King Charles I of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560996#January–March", "title": "1644", "revid": 1369560996, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1644, "year_label": "1644 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 – English Civil War: Battle of Marston Moor – The Parliamentarians crush the Royalists in Yorkshire, ending Charles I's hold on the north of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560996#July–September", "title": "1644", "revid": 1369560996, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1644, "year_label": "1644 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 2", "text": "September 2 – English Civil War: Second Battle of Lostwithiel (in Cornwall) – Charles I and the Royalists gain their last major victory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560996#July–September", "title": "1644", "revid": 1369560996, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1645, "year_label": "1645 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 (St George's Day) – English Civil War: One hundred and fifty Irish soldiers bound for service with King Charles I of England are captured at sea by Parliamentarians and killed at Pembroke in Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370309626#April–June", "title": "1645", "revid": 1370309626, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1646, "year_label": "1646 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – King Charles I of England flees from Oxford (where he has been overwintering) in disguise and begins his journey to the Scottish army camp near Newark.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360055090#April–June", "title": "1646", "revid": 1360055090, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1646, "year_label": "1646 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 23", "text": "December 23 – The Covenanters hand over King Charles I of England to the Parliamentarians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360055090#October–December", "title": "1646", "revid": 1360055090, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1646, "year_label": "1646 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 30", "text": "July 30 – Commissioners of the Parliament of England and Scottish Covenanters meeting in Newcastle upon Tyne set out the Heads of Proposals (\"Newcastle Propositions\") demanding that King Charles I gives up control of the army and place restrictions on Catholics, as the basis for a constitutional settlement.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360055090#July–September", "title": "1646", "revid": 1360055090, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1648, "year_label": "1648 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 17", "text": "January 17 – By a vote of 141 to 91, England's Long Parliament passes the Vote of No Addresses, breaking off negotiations with King Charles I, and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346163846#January–March", "title": "1648", "revid": 1346163846, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1649, "year_label": "1649 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – Charles I of England goes on trial, for treason and other \"high crimes\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367892628#January–March", "title": "1649", "revid": 1367892628, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1649, "year_label": "1649 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 27", "text": "January 27 – King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is found guilty of high treason in a public session.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367892628#January–March", "title": "1649", "revid": 1367892628, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1660, "year_label": "1660 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 13", "text": "October 13 to October 19 – Ten of the 57 \"regicides\" who signed the death warrant of Charles I of England in 1649 are executed over a period of one week, mostly at Charing Cross by being hanged, drawn and quartered, a process which includes being disemboweled (in some cases before they have died) and then and burned. The first to die is Thomas Harrison, a leader of the Fifth Monarchists. He is followed by John Carew (October 15); John Cook and Hugh Peter (October 16); (Adrian Scrope, John Moore, Gregory Clement and Thomas Scot) (October 17); and Daniel Axtell and Francis Hacker (October 19).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986539#October–December", "title": "1660", "revid": 1365986539, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1662, "year_label": "1662 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – Three of the former members of the English Parliament who had signed the death warrant for Charles I of England in 1649 and then fled into exile in the Netherlands after the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660 — Miles Corbet, John Okey and John Barkstead — are hanged after having been extradited, returned to England, and convicted of regicide. Their bodies are then drawn and quartered.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988036#April–June", "title": "1662", "revid": 1365988036, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1664, "year_label": "1664 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 11", "text": "August 11 – Sir John Lisle, a former member of the English House of Commons who had been designated a regicide for his role in signing the death warrant in the execution in 1649 of Charles I of England, is assassinated in a church courtyard in Lausanne in Switzerland. Lisle had gone into exile after the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. The shooting of Lisle, done on order of King Charles II, is carried out by a team led by royal agent James Cotter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372648278#July–September", "title": "1664", "revid": 1372648278, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1672, "year_label": "1672 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March", "text": "March – Archibald Armstrong, court jester to James VI and I and Charles I of England", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992116#Deaths", "title": "1672", "revid": 1365992116, "section": "Deaths"}}]}