{"slug": "china", "label": "China", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148", "qid": "Q148", "description": "country in East Asia", "entries": 354, "years": 322, "span": [-1765, 2025], "span_label": ["1766 BCE", "2025 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 86}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 52}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 51}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 33}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 24}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 20}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 18}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 15}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 14}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 13}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 11}, {"title": "Births", "count": 9}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 5}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 3}], "related": [{"slug": "zhou-dynasty", "label": "Zhou dynasty", "shared": 32}, {"slug": "tang-dynasty", "label": "Tang dynasty", "shared": 23}, {"slug": "ming-dynasty", "label": "Ming dynasty", "shared": 22}, {"slug": "han-dynasty", "label": "Han dynasty", "shared": 12}, {"slug": "song-dynasty", "label": "Song dynasty", "shared": 12}, {"slug": "japan", "label": "Japan", "shared": 11}, {"slug": "vietnam", "label": "Vietnam", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "beijing", "label": "Beijing", "shared": 10}, {"slug": "chang-an", "label": "Chang'an", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "taiwan", "label": "Taiwan", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "hangzhou", "label": "Hangzhou", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "buddhism", "label": "Buddhism", "shared": 6}], "items": [{"year": -1765, "year_label": "1766 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "1766 BC: Shang conquest of the Xia dynasty. China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370570236#Events", "title": "18th century BC", "revid": 1370570236, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -1699, "year_label": "1700 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "c. 1700 BC: Bronze Age starts in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300121382#Events", "title": "17th century BC", "revid": 1300121382, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -946, "year_label": "947 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "947 BC— Zhou mo wang, King of the Zhou dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353805117#Deaths", "title": "940s BC", "revid": 1353805117, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -934, "year_label": "935 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "935 BC—Zhou gong wang, king of the Zhou dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368386118#Deaths", "title": "930s BC", "revid": 1368386118, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -781, "year_label": "782 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "782 BC—Death of King Xuan of Zhou, king of the Zhou dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1284850077#Events_and_trends", "title": "780s BC", "revid": 1284850077, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -780, "year_label": "781 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "781 BC—King You of Zhou becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1284850077#Events_and_trends", "title": "780s BC", "revid": 1284850077, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -719, "year_label": "720 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "720 BC—Death of King Ping of the Zhou dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357668239#Significant_people", "title": "720s BC", "revid": 1357668239, "section": "Significant people"}}, {"year": -718, "year_label": "719 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "719 BC—Zhou Huan Wang of the Zhou dynasty becomes ruler of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368385620#Events_and_trends", "title": "710s BC", "revid": 1368385620, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -696, "year_label": "697 BCE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "697 BC—Birth of Duke Wen of Jin in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292140577#Events_and_trends", "title": "690s BC", "revid": 1292140577, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -695, "year_label": "696 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "696 BC—Zhou Zhuang Wang becomes king of the Zhou Dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292140577#Events_and_trends", "title": "690s BC", "revid": 1292140577, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -681, "year_label": "682 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "682 BC—King Zhuang of Zhou, King of the Zhou dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368318910#Deaths", "title": "680s BC", "revid": 1368318910, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -676, "year_label": "677 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Xi of Zhou, king of the Zhou Dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510276#Deaths", "title": "677 BC", "revid": 1370510276, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -675, "year_label": "676 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Zhou Hui Wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510319#China", "title": "676 BC", "revid": 1370510319, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -650, "year_label": "651 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Zhou Xiang Wang becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510249#Asia", "title": "651 BC", "revid": 1370510249, "section": "Events › Asia"}}, {"year": -635, "year_label": "636 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Duke Wen of Jin becomes ruler of the State of Jin in Zhou dynasty China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510226#Events", "title": "636 BC", "revid": 1370510226, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -612, "year_label": "613 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Qing of Zhou, king of the Chinese Zhou dynasty", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510230#Deaths", "title": "613 BC", "revid": 1370510230, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -611, "year_label": "612 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Kuang of Zhou becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510241#Events", "title": "612 BC", "revid": 1370510241, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -606, "year_label": "607 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Kuang of Zhou, king of the Zhou dynasty of China", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371468419#Deaths", "title": "607 BC", "revid": 1371468419, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -585, "year_label": "586 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "586 BC—King Ding of Zhou, king of the Zhou dynasty of China", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368110656#Deaths", "title": "580s BC", "revid": 1368110656, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -574, "year_label": "575 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Yanling in Henan Province, China takes place between Jin and Chu forces. The State of Jin is victorious.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326571387#Events", "title": "575 BC", "revid": 1326571387, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -557, "year_label": "558 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Chinese state of Jin defeats its rival state of Qin in battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372781892#Events", "title": "558 BC", "revid": 1372781892, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -543, "year_label": "544 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Zhou jing wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362065450#Events", "title": "544 BC", "revid": 1362065450, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -530, "year_label": "531 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Laozi, Chinese founder of Taoism (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342933297#Deaths", "title": "531 BC", "revid": 1342933297, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -519, "year_label": "520 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Dao becomes king of the Zhou Dynasty of China but dies before the end of the year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1309569127#China", "title": "520 BC", "revid": 1309569127, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -519, "year_label": "520 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Dao of Zhou, king of the Zhou dynasty of China", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1309569127#Deaths", "title": "520 BC", "revid": 1309569127, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -519, "year_label": "520 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Jing of Zhou, king of the Zhou dynasty of China from 544 to 520 BC", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1309569127#Deaths", "title": "520 BC", "revid": 1309569127, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -518, "year_label": "519 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Zhou Jing Wang/Ji Gail becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342658780#China", "title": "519 BC", "revid": 1342658780, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -495, "year_label": "496 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Helü of Wu, king of the Chinese State of Wu", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129351#Deaths", "title": "496 BC", "revid": 1350129351, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -478, "year_label": "479 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Confucius, Chinese philosopher (b. 551 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129373#Deaths", "title": "479 BC", "revid": 1350129373, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -472, "year_label": "473 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Fuchai of Wu, the last king of Wu in Zhou dynasty, China", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129372#Deaths", "title": "473 BC", "revid": 1350129372, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -468, "year_label": "469 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Yuan of Zhou (Ji Ren), 27th king of the Zhou dynasty of China", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129352#Deaths", "title": "469 BC", "revid": 1350129352, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -467, "year_label": "468 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Zhou Zhen Ding Wang becomes the twenty-eighth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326558406#China", "title": "468 BC", "revid": 1326558406, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -464, "year_label": "465 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Goujian of Yue, king of the Chinese State of Yue", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1094347891#Deaths", "title": "465 BC", "revid": 1094347891, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -452, "year_label": "453 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – The Chinese city of Jinyang is severely flooded in the Battle of Jinyang, where the elite families of Jin, Zhao, Zhi, Wei and Han fight. The Wei and the Han swap allegiances to side with Zhao and eliminate the Zhi house, ending the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360983885#China", "title": "453 BC", "revid": 1360983885, "section": "Events › Italy › China"}}, {"year": -441, "year_label": "442 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Zhou zhen ding wang, king of the Zhou dynasty of China", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352217487#Deaths", "title": "442 BC", "revid": 1352217487, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -440, "year_label": "441 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Zhou Ai Wang becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China but dies before the year's end, to be succeeded by Zhou Si Wang.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247481933#China", "title": "441 BC", "revid": 1247481933, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -440, "year_label": "441 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Zhending of Zhou, 28th king of the Zhou dynasty of China", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247481933#Deaths", "title": "441 BC", "revid": 1247481933, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -439, "year_label": "440 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Zhou Kao Wang becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242238578#China", "title": "440 BC", "revid": 1242238578, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -425, "year_label": "426 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Zhou kao wang, king of the Zhou dynasty of China", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172947#Deaths", "title": "426 BC", "revid": 1354172947, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -424, "year_label": "425 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Zhou wei lie wang becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242238622#China", "title": "425 BC", "revid": 1242238622, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -401, "year_label": "402 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Zhou wei lie wang, king of the Zhou dynasty of China", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1274690806#Deaths", "title": "402 BC", "revid": 1274690806, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -400, "year_label": "401 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Zhou an wang becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242237123#China", "title": "401 BC", "revid": 1242237123, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -390, "year_label": "391 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Mozi, Chinese philosopher (approximate date) (b. c. 470 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367650502#Deaths", "title": "391 BC", "revid": 1367650502, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -386, "year_label": "387 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Wen, marquis of the State of Wei, China", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367650579#Deaths", "title": "387 BC", "revid": 1367650579, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -380, "year_label": "381 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Duke Xiao of Qin, Chinese ruler of the Qin state. (died in 338 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1284745980#Births", "title": "381 BC", "revid": 1284745980, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -380, "year_label": "381 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Dao of Chu, Chinese king of the state of Chu (unknown birth)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1284745980#Deaths", "title": "381 BC", "revid": 1284745980, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -380, "year_label": "381 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Wu Qi, Chinese military general, Prime Minister of the State of Chu, also a servant of the State of Lu (born in Wei, 440 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1284745980#Deaths", "title": "381 BC", "revid": 1284745980, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -375, "year_label": "376 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Zhou An Wang, king of the Chinese Zhou dynasty", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305121209#Deaths", "title": "376 BC", "revid": 1305121209, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -374, "year_label": "375 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Zhou Lie Wang becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242240743#China", "title": "375 BC", "revid": 1242240743, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -367, "year_label": "368 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Zhou Xian Wang becomes king of the Zhou dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242240969#China", "title": "368 BC", "revid": 1242240969, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -363, "year_label": "364 BCE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "The Chinese astronomer Gan De from the State of Qi reportedly discovers the moon Ganymede, belonging to Jupiter, and makes the earliest known sunspot observations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354174238#China", "title": "364 BC", "revid": 1354174238, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -314, "year_label": "315 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Zhou Shen Jing Wang, king of the Zhou dynasty of China", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367539376#Deaths", "title": "315 BC", "revid": 1367539376, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -313, "year_label": "314 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Zhou Nan Wang becomes King of the Zhou dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242240408#China", "title": "314 BC", "revid": 1242240408, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -308, "year_label": "309 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Zhang Yi, strategist of the Chinese state of Qin", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247027805#Deaths", "title": "309 BC", "revid": 1247027805, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -288, "year_label": "289 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Mencius (Mèng Zǐ or Meng Zhu), Chinese philosopher (approximate date) (b. c. 372 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1263946932#Deaths", "title": "289 BC", "revid": 1263946932, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -259, "year_label": "260 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Zheng, who will later become king of the State of Qin, and then later the First Emperor of China (d. 210 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948890#Births", "title": "260 BC", "revid": 1325948890, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -258, "year_label": "259 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – Qin Shi Huang, first emperor of China (d. 210 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1073120545#Births", "title": "259 BC", "revid": 1073120545, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -255, "year_label": "256 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Liu Bang, founder of the Han dynasty of China (d. 195 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1232457970#Births", "title": "256 BC", "revid": 1232457970, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -254, "year_label": "255 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Hui of Zhou becomes the last claimant king of the Zhou dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340601033#China", "title": "255 BC", "revid": 1340601033, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -245, "year_label": "246 BCE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The Zhengguo Canal, approximately one hundred miles long, is built across the current-day province of Shaanxi in China, greatly adding to the agricultural productivity of the area and to the military potency of the Qin dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358219611#China", "title": "246 BC", "revid": 1358219611, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -232, "year_label": "233 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Han Fei, Chinese philosopher who, along with Li Si, has developed Xun Zi's philosophy into the doctrine embodied by the School of Law (or Legalism) (b. c. 280 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1251978680#Deaths", "title": "233 BC", "revid": 1251978680, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -231, "year_label": "232 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Xiang Yu, Chinese rebel general against the Qin dynasty, as well as the later nemesis of Liu Bang in the civil war of the Chu-Han contention (d. 202 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319908071#Births", "title": "232 BC", "revid": 1319908071, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -220, "year_label": "221 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The state of Qi – by now the only other independent state in China –, is invaded by the Qin generals Wang Ben, Li Xin and Meng Tian and surrenders after offering minimal resistance. Ying Zheng, the king of Qin unifies China and proclaims himself the First Emperor, as he is the first Chinese sovereign able to rule the whole country, thus ending the Warring States period. He is known by historians as Qin Shi Huang.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1246108993#China", "title": "221 BC", "revid": 1246108993, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -219, "year_label": "220 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Qin Shi Huang begins a system of tree-lined roads to interconnect all parts of China, and begins to join regional walls to form the beginnings of the Great Wall (Wan li chang cheng).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598324#China", "title": "220 BC", "revid": 1360598324, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -209, "year_label": "210 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Qin Er Shi becomes Emperor of the Qin dynasty of China. His advisors Zhao Gao and Prime Minister Li Si forge a decree by the late Emperor Qin Shi Huang that orders the execution of Qin Er Shi's elder brother Fusu and Fusu's ally, the general Meng Tian.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1254970145#China", "title": "210 BC", "revid": 1254970145, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -209, "year_label": "210 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Qin Shi Huang, first emperor of China (b. 259 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1254970145#Deaths", "title": "210 BC", "revid": 1254970145, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -206, "year_label": "207 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Zhao Gao, Chief eunuch in the service of the Emperors of the Qin dynasty of China (assassinated)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1213018864#Deaths", "title": "207 BC", "revid": 1213018864, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -206, "year_label": "207 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Qin Er Shi, Emperor of the Qin dynasty of China (assassinated) (b. 229 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1213018864#Deaths", "title": "207 BC", "revid": 1213018864, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -199, "year_label": "200 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Chinese create a padding material.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360771623#China", "title": "200 BC", "revid": 1360771623, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -194, "year_label": "195 BCE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Chang'an, the capital of China, is thought to become the largest city in the world at this time, taking over from Pataliputra, the capital of the Mauryan empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115647#China", "title": "195 BC", "revid": 1300115647, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -187, "year_label": "188 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Jing of Han, emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty, who ruled from 157 BC (d. 141 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560521#Births", "title": "188 BC", "revid": 1369560521, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -156, "year_label": "157 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": "July 30", "text": "30 July – Wu of Han, who will be emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty from 141 BC (d. 87 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311551494#Births", "title": "157 BC", "revid": 1311551494, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -156, "year_label": "157 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – Wen of Han, Emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty since 180 BC (b. 200 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311551494#Deaths", "title": "157 BC", "revid": 1311551494, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -135, "year_label": "136 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Confucianism is adopted as the state religion in China by Emperor Wu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373456812#China", "title": "136 BC", "revid": 1373456812, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -114, "year_label": "115 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Parthia makes a trade treaty with China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1328732522#Middle_East", "title": "115 BC", "revid": 1328732522, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}, {"year": -86, "year_label": "87 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – Emperor Wu of Han dies after a 54-year reign in which he leads the Han dynasty (China) through its greatest expansion. The Empire's borders span from modern Kyrgyzstan in the west, to Mongolia in the north, to Korea in the east, and to northern Vietnam in the south.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1324423424#China", "title": "87 BC", "revid": 1324423424, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": -50, "year_label": "51 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Xiongnu split into two hordes. The Eastern horde is subject to China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350525894#Asia", "title": "51 BC", "revid": 1350525894, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": -27, "year_label": "28 BCE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "May 10", "text": "May 10 – The earliest dated record of a sunspot by Chinese astronomers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368243773#Astronomy", "title": "28 BC", "revid": 1368243773, "section": "Events › By topic › Astronomy"}}, {"year": -24, "year_label": "25 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Estimation: Rome, capital of the Roman Empire, becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from Chang'an, capital of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267077793#Roman_Empire", "title": "25 BC", "revid": 1267077793, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 2, "year_label": "2 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "AD 2 – The first census is concluded in China after having begun the year before: final numbers show a population of nearly 60 million (59,594,978 people in slightly more than 12 million households). The census is one of the most accurate surveys in Chinese history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365712040#China", "title": "0s", "revid": 1365712040, "section": "Events › China"}}, {"year": 14, "year_label": "14 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Famine hits China; some citizens turn to cannibalism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078816#China", "title": "10s", "revid": 1371078816, "section": "Events › 14 AD › China"}}, {"year": 36, "year_label": "36 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – Wu Han commands the forces of Emperor Guang Wu of the Eastern Han to conquer the separatist Chengjia Empire, reuniting China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369986487#China", "title": "30s", "revid": 1369986487, "section": "Events › 36 AD › China"}}, {"year": 39, "year_label": "39 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Trung Sisters resist the Chinese influences in Vietnam.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369986487#Vietnam", "title": "30s", "revid": 1369986487, "section": "Events › 39 AD › Vietnam"}}, {"year": 43, "year_label": "43 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Vietnam is designated a province of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373289291#AD_43", "title": "40s", "revid": 1373289291, "section": "Timeline › AD 43"}}, {"year": 52, "year_label": "52 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Yuejue Shu, the first known gazetteer of China, is written during the Han Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373339620#China", "title": "50s", "revid": 1373339620, "section": "Events › 52 AD › China"}}, {"year": 57, "year_label": "57 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Guang Wu grants Nakoku (located around modern-day Fukuoka City) a golden seal, being the oldest evidence of writing in Japan. In return King Na sends an envoy to China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373339620#China", "title": "50s", "revid": 1373339620, "section": "Events › 57 AD › China"}}, {"year": 58, "year_label": "58 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Ming of Han introduces Buddhism to China inviting monks from the western Indus Valley.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373339620#China", "title": "50s", "revid": 1373339620, "section": "Events › 58 AD › China"}}, {"year": 65, "year_label": "65 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "In China, the first official reference to Buddhism is made.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363561417#Religion", "title": "AD 65", "revid": 1363561417, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 100, "year_label": "100 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Paper is used by the general populace in China, starting around this year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188492#Asia", "title": "AD 100", "revid": 1371188492, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 100, "year_label": "100 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The Temple of the God of Medicine is built in Anguo, China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188492#Religion", "title": "AD 100", "revid": 1371188492, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 123, "year_label": "123 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "In China, Ban Yong, son of Ban Chao, reestablishes the Chinese control over the Tarim Basin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339094983#Asia", "title": "AD 123", "revid": 1339094983, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 150, "year_label": "150 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Paper, made in China, arrives in Transoxiana.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373077197#Art_and_science", "title": "AD 150", "revid": 1373077197, "section": "Events › By topic › Art and science"}}, {"year": 151, "year_label": "151 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "First year of Yuanjia of the Chinese Han dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367877886#Asia", "title": "AD 151", "revid": 1367877886, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 160, "year_label": "160 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The first Buddhist monks arrive in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367884973#Religion", "title": "AD 160", "revid": 1367884973, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 165, "year_label": "165 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Antonine Plague: A pandemic breaks out in Rome, after the Roman army returns from Parthia. The plague significantly depopulates the Roman Empire and China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371302074#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 165", "revid": 1371302074, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 166, "year_label": "166 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "A Roman envoy arrives by sea in Rinan commandery, in southern China (central Vietnam). He travels to the Chinese capital Luoyang, and is greeted by Emperor Huan of the Han dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371302266#Asia", "title": "AD 166", "revid": 1371302266, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 166, "year_label": "166 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Scholars who have denounced eunuchs are arrested, killed or banished from the capital and official life in Han dynasty China. This is the first of the Disasters of the Partisan Prohibitions, which end in 184.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371302266#Asia", "title": "AD 166", "revid": 1371302266, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 175, "year_label": "175 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Confucian scholars try to ensure their capacity in the royal court of China. They are massacred by the eunuchs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371304741#Asia", "title": "AD 175", "revid": 1371304741, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 179, "year_label": "179 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Han dynasty China: The full title of the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art appears on two bronze standard measures dated to this year, yet there is speculation that the same book existed beforehand only under different titles. In the 3rd century, Liu Hui would provide commentary on this important early Chinese mathematical treatise.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371305494#Asia", "title": "AD 179", "revid": 1371305494, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 181, "year_label": "181 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The volcano associated with Lake Taupō in New Zealand erupts, one of the largest on Earth in the last 5,000 years. The effects of this eruption are seen as far away as Rome and China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371305766#Oceania", "title": "AD 181", "revid": 1371305766, "section": "Events › By place › Oceania"}}, {"year": 184, "year_label": "184 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Yellow Turban Rebellion and Liang Province Rebellion break out in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371308060#China", "title": "AD 184", "revid": 1371308060, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 191, "year_label": "191 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Jieqiao: Yuan Shao narrowly defeats Gongsun Zan, in northern China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371309753#China", "title": "AD 191", "revid": 1371309753, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 194, "year_label": "194 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "First year of the Xingping era, during the Han Dynasty in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310793#Asia", "title": "AD 194", "revid": 1371310793, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 195, "year_label": "195 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "In China, the Xiongnu federation crosses the Great Wall and establishes itself in Shanxi Province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371314035#China", "title": "AD 195", "revid": 1371314035, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 239, "year_label": "239 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Cao Fang succeeds his adoptive father Cao Rui as emperor of the Cao Wei state, in the Three Kingdoms period of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1270781286#Asia", "title": "239", "revid": 1270781286, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 243, "year_label": "243 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Fan Chan of Funan sends a tribute mission to China (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188641#Asia", "title": "243", "revid": 1371188641, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 245, "year_label": "245 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Lady Triệu, a Vietnamese warrior, begins her 3-year resistance against the invading Chinese.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371186932#Asia", "title": "245", "revid": 1371186932, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 264, "year_label": "264 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1–3 – Zhong Hui's Rebellion in China is quelled.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371227035#Asia", "title": "264", "revid": 1371227035, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 271, "year_label": "271 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "A magnetic compass is first used in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347633744#Art_and_Science", "title": "271", "revid": 1347633744, "section": "Events › By topic › Art and Science"}}, {"year": 274, "year_label": "274 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 2", "text": "March 2 – Mani, a sage of Persia, dies at Gundeshapur after 30 years of preaching his \"heresy\" at the court of the late Sassanian King Shapur I and on long journeys to Khorasan, India and China. He is executed or allowed to die in prison, and claims to be a prophet of God. Mani combines Zoroastrian dualism with Christian theology, and his disciples gain wide support for Manichaeism, despite opposition from Roman Emperors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1271086341#Religion", "title": "274", "revid": 1271086341, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 277, "year_label": "277 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Tuoba Liwei, chieftain of the Tuoba clan (China)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267077895#Deaths", "title": "277", "revid": 1267077895, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 290, "year_label": "290 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 16", "text": "May 16 – Emperor Wu of Jin, founder of the Western Jin Dynasty, dies after a 25-year reign. He reunified north and south, but gave away many dukedoms to his kinsmen. Crown Prince Sima Zhong succeeds his father, and has to deal with conflicts among the aristocratic families in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326206255#Asia", "title": "290", "revid": 1326206255, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 291, "year_label": "291 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "War of the Eight Princes: After the death of Emperor Sima Yan (Jin Wudi), a civil war breaks out among the princes and dukes of the Jin Dynasty. The struggle devastates and depopulates the provinces of northern China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1270957689#China", "title": "291", "revid": 1270957689, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 300, "year_label": "300 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The magnetic compass for navigation is invented in China (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361492719#Art_and_Science", "title": "300", "revid": 1361492719, "section": "Events › By topic › Art and Science"}}, {"year": 306, "year_label": "306 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The War of the Eight Princes ends in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330171617#Asia", "title": "306", "revid": 1330171617, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 308, "year_label": "308 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Han-Zhao Dynasty is established in northern China, marking the official inception of the long lasting Uprising of the Five Barbarians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330171358#Asia", "title": "308", "revid": 1330171358, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 322, "year_label": "322 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The first dependable representation of a horse rider with paired stirrups is found in China, in a Jin Dynasty tomb.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1335749710#Technology", "title": "322", "revid": 1335749710, "section": "Events › By topic › Technology"}}, {"year": 342, "year_label": "342 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Jin Kangdi succeeds his brother Jin Chengdi as emperor of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1314901667#Asia", "title": "342", "revid": 1314901667, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 344, "year_label": "344 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Jin Mudi, age 1, succeeds his father Jin Kangdi as emperor of China. His mother, Empress Dowager Chu, becomes the ruling authority at court, and serves as regent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1314901826#Asia", "title": "344", "revid": 1314901826, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 350, "year_label": "350 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Ran Wei-Later Zhao war breaks out in North China. Ethnic Han ruler Ran Min had used the infighting between the brothers who reigned in quick succession as emperors of the Jie state of the Later Zhao to assume power, establish the Ran Wei dynasty, have an alleged 200,000 non-Han subjects (mostly Jie and Xiongnu) massacred and end the Later Zhao dynasty. This situation will soon be exploited by the neighbouring state of Former Yan which expands from the northeast towards the Yellow River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367501252#Asia", "title": "350", "revid": 1367501252, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 352, "year_label": "352 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "The earliest sighting of a supernova occurs in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279672452#Art_and_Science", "title": "352", "revid": 1279672452, "section": "Events › By topic › Art and Science"}}, {"year": 354, "year_label": "354 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Fu Sheng, emperor of the Former Qin, reigns in northern China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267529595#China", "title": "354", "revid": 1267529595, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 357, "year_label": "357 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The reign of Fú Jiān, the emperor of Former Qin, commences in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331328193#Asia", "title": "357", "revid": 1331328193, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 370, "year_label": "370 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Former Qin conquers Former Yan in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337457472#Asia", "title": "370", "revid": 1337457472, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 376, "year_label": "376 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "China is divided between the Former Qin in the north and the Eastern Jin in the south.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349204893#China", "title": "376", "revid": 1349204893, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 386, "year_label": "386 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Northern Wei Dynasty begins in China. The Tuoba clan of the Xianbei tribe (proto-Mongol people) is politically separated from the Chinese dynasties established in Jiankang (modern Nanjing). The Northern Wei rulers are ardent supporters of Buddhism. Prince Dao Wu Di, age 15, becomes the first emperor (see Northern dynasties).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1280220103#Asia", "title": "386", "revid": 1280220103, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 404, "year_label": "404 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Chinese Buddhist monk Huiyuan, who founded the Pure Land Buddhism sect and the monastery on Mount Lushan, writes the book On Why Monks Do Not Bow Down Before Kings in this year. In his book he argues that although the Buddhist clergy should remain independent and undisturbed by politics, the Buddhist laymen nonetheless make good subjects under monarchs, due to their fear of retribution of karma and desire to be reborn in paradise.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367641593#Asia", "title": "AD 404", "revid": 1367641593, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 405, "year_label": "405 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Khitan are first mentioned in Chinese chronicles. They wander along the boundaries of Kara-muren, and form part of the Donghu (Tong-hou) confederation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367640804#Asia", "title": "405", "revid": 1367640804, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 412, "year_label": "412 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Fa-Hien, Chinese Buddhist monk, spends 2 years in Ceylon and is more than 200 days at sea as storms drive his ship off its course, but returns with sacred Buddhist texts back to China (see 414).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346865702#Religion", "title": "412", "revid": 1346865702, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 420, "year_label": "420 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Southern Dynasties begin in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371542443#Asia", "title": "AD 420", "revid": 1371542443, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 420, "year_label": "420 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10 – The Jin Dynasty ends in China. Liu Yu (Emperor Wu of Liu Song) becomes the first ruler of the Liu Song Dynasty. The capital of the dynasty is Nanjing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371542443#Asia", "title": "AD 420", "revid": 1371542443, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 422, "year_label": "422 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Shao Di, age 16, eldest son of Wu Di, succeeds his father as emperor of the Liu Song dynasty (China).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364741789#Asia", "title": "422", "revid": 1364741789, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 430, "year_label": "430 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Feng Ba abdicates as emperor of the Northern Yan, one of the states vying for control of China. He is succeeded by his brother Feng Hong.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370135052#Asia", "title": "430", "revid": 1370135052, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 462, "year_label": "462 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "The Daming calendar is introduced in China by mathematician Zu Chongzhi (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1284520427#Asia", "title": "462", "revid": 1284520427, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 478, "year_label": "478 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Chinese chronicles record a memorial sent by the \"King of Japan\" (possibly Yūryaku), who describes himself as \"Supreme Director of Military Affairs in Japan and Korea\" to the Court of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Chinese emperor responds by confirming the Japanese dynasty in those titles. This is the earliest verifiable date in Japanese history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360122028#Asia", "title": "478", "revid": 1360122028, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 479, "year_label": "479 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Summer – The Liu Song dynasty ends and the Southern Qi dynasty begins in southern China. Emperor Shun Di is forced to abandon the throne and Qi Gao Di becomes the first ruler of Southern Qi. Later former Emperor Shun and empress Wang Zhenfeng are killed by the imperial guard, near the vicinity of the capital Jiankang.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360119770#Asia", "title": "479", "revid": 1360119770, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 507, "year_label": "507 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The town of Guilin, China, is renamed Guizhou.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364907722#Asia", "title": "507", "revid": 1364907722, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 517, "year_label": "517 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Wu Di of the Liang Dynasty becomes a Buddhist, and introduces the new religion to central China. He demands that sacrifices to imperial ancestors be changed to using dried meat, instead of the traditional animals (goats, pigs and cows).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340791909#China", "title": "517", "revid": 1340791909, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 529, "year_label": "529 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Rudravarman is granted investiture by China, as the first king of the fourth dynasty of Champa (modern Vietnam).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351343002#Southeast_Asia", "title": "529", "revid": 1351343002, "section": "Events › By place › Southeast Asia"}}, {"year": 535, "year_label": "535 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Northern Wei dynasty ends: The northern region of China is split into the Eastern Wei and the Western Wei during a civil war. The first ruler is Wen Di; he makes his son Fei Di crown prince.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342880383#Asia", "title": "535", "revid": 1342880383, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 549, "year_label": "549 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Jianwen Di succeeds his father Wu Di as emperor of the Liang Dynasty (China).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557736#Asia", "title": "549", "revid": 1369557736, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 552, "year_label": "552 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Justinian I receives the first silkworm eggs from two Nestorian monks at Constantinople. They were sent to Central Asia (see 550) and smuggled the precious eggs from China hidden in rods of bamboo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340800166#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "552", "revid": 1340800166, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 577, "year_label": "577 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A predecessor of the modern match, small sticks of pinewood impregnated with sulfur, are first used in China. Besieged by military forces of Northern Zhou and Chen, Northern Qi court ladies use the \"lighting sticks\" to start fires for cooking and heating.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369170756#Science_and_Invention", "title": "577", "revid": 1369170756, "section": "Events › By topic › Science and Invention"}}, {"year": 585, "year_label": "585 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Xiao Jing Di succeeds his father Xiao Ming Di as ruler of the Liang dynasty (China).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365938601#Asia", "title": "585", "revid": 1365938601, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 588, "year_label": "588 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Guanghua Temple in Putian (China) is built during the Chen dynasty, under Emperor Chen Wu Di.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753170#Religion", "title": "588", "revid": 1364753170, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 592, "year_label": "592 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Wéndi reduces taxes, due to an overflowing abundance of food and silk in the governmental stores. He sends messengers around central China, redistributing land to give the poor farming land.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754934#Asia", "title": "592", "revid": 1364754934, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 593, "year_label": "593 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Empress Suiko begins a long reign during a pivotal period, in which Buddhism influences the development and culture of Japan. She is the first female ruler and the first to receive official recognition from China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364755561#Asia", "title": "593", "revid": 1364755561, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 594, "year_label": "594 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Empress Suiko issues the \"Flourishing Three Treasures Edict\", officially recognizing the practice of Buddhism in Japan. She begins diplomatic relations with the Sui dynasty (China).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364756331#Asia", "title": "594", "revid": 1364756331, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 595, "year_label": "595 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Construction begins on the Zhaozhou Bridge (\"Safe crossing bridge\") in Hebei Province, during the Sui dynasty (China).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367658603#Asia", "title": "595", "revid": 1367658603, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 600, "year_label": "600 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Chinese-influenced sculptures of Buddha begin to be created in Japan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751689#Religion", "title": "600", "revid": 1364751689, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 605, "year_label": "605 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Yángdi introduces an imperial examination, designed to select the best administrative officials (after they receive the jinshi) for the state; this begins a long bureaucratic tradition of scholar-officialdom in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364904400#Asia", "title": "605", "revid": 1364904400, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 607, "year_label": "607 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1 – Empress Suiko appoints Ono no Imoko as official envoy to the Sui Court (Japanese missions to Imperial China). She sends him to pay tribute to Emperor Yángdi, and let him deliver the famous letter from prince-regent Shōtoku which begins: \"The Son of Heaven where the sun rises (Japan), to the Son of Heaven where the sun sets (China), may good health be with you.\" (Traditional Japanese date: July 3, 607).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340802681#Asia", "title": "607", "revid": 1340802681, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 617, "year_label": "617 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 8", "text": "September 8 – Battle of Huoyi: Rebel forces under Li Yuān defeat the Sui troops near the Fen River, and capture the Chinese capital, Chang'an. Li has gained support from Shibi, ruler (khagan) of the Eastern Turks, who secures his northern frontier and supplies him with 2,000 horses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751852#Asia", "title": "617", "revid": 1364751852, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 623, "year_label": "623 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Tuyuhun invasion of Gansu: Tang forces under Chai Shao defeat the Tuyuhun, and prevent further incursions into Gansu (China).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364763007#Asia", "title": "623", "revid": 1364763007, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 631, "year_label": "631 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Tai Zong sends envoys to the Xueyantuo, vassals of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate, bearing gold and silk in order to obtain the release of enslaved Chinese prisoners, who were captured during the transition from the Sui to the Tang dynasty from the northern frontier. The embassy succeeds in freeing 80,000 men and women, who are safely returned to China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749921#Asia", "title": "631", "revid": 1364749921, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 637, "year_label": "637 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Chang'an, capital of the Tang dynasty (China), becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Ctesiphon, capital of Persia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315736944#Asia", "title": "637", "revid": 1315736944, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 639, "year_label": "639 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "An unsuccessful revolt of Prince Kürşat (of the Eastern Turks) breaks out in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754023#Asia", "title": "639", "revid": 1364754023, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 643, "year_label": "643 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Peroz III, son of Yazdegerd III, the last Sassanid king of Persia, flees to territory under the control of the Tang dynasty in China (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804491#Persia", "title": "643", "revid": 1340804491, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 645, "year_label": "645 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Kōtoku establishes the Taika Reform: a land reform based on Confucian ideas and philosophies from China (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347973672#Japan", "title": "645", "revid": 1347973672, "section": "Events › By place › Japan"}}, {"year": 645, "year_label": "645 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Xuanzang, Chinese Buddhist monk, returns to China after a 16-year pilgrimage to India. He is greeted with much honor by Emperor Taizong.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347973672#Religion", "title": "645", "revid": 1347973672, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 652, "year_label": "652 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda is constructed in Chang'an (modern Xi'an), during the Tang dynasty (China). It is completed in the same year, during the reign of Emperor Gao Zong.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635695#Asia", "title": "652", "revid": 1367635695, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 653, "year_label": "653 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Kōtoku sends an embassy to the court of the Tang dynasty in China. Japanese ambassadors, priests and students sail for the capital Chang'an, but some of the ships are lost en route.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635810#Asia", "title": "653", "revid": 1367635810, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 663, "year_label": "663 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – In China, the Daming Palace becomes the government seat and royal residence of Emperor Gao Zong of the Tang dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635360#Asia", "title": "663", "revid": 1367635360, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 666, "year_label": "666 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Chinese Buddhist monks Zhi Yu and Zhi Yuo craft more south-pointing chariot vehicles (a non-magnetic, mechanical-driven directional-compass vehicle that incorporates the use of a differential).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368711664#Asia", "title": "AD 666", "revid": 1368711664, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 676, "year_label": "676 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The broad-based peninsular effort under Silla's leadership, to prevent Chinese domination of Korea, succeeds in forcing Chinese troops to withdraw into Manchuria, in northeast China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365938815#Asia", "title": "676", "revid": 1365938815, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 690, "year_label": "690 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 16", "text": "October 16 – Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty, and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire as \"Holy and Divine Emperor\". She becomes the first and only female \"emperor\" in 5,000 years of Chinese history. Wu Zetian changes the dynasty's name to the Zhou Dynasty, and begins to murder throne pretendants and ministers who try to oppose her. During her reign she elevates the status of Buddhism above Taoism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806273#Asia", "title": "690", "revid": 1340806273, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 708, "year_label": "708 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Tea drinking gains popularity among the Chinese. It is also valued for its alleged medicinal values (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807106#Medicine", "title": "708", "revid": 1340807106, "section": "Events › By topic › Medicine"}}, {"year": 712, "year_label": "712 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 8", "text": "September 8 – Emperor Rui Zong abdicates after a brief reign, in favor of his 27-year-old son Xuan Zong, who ascends the imperial throne of the Tang dynasty (China).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357552155#Asia", "title": "712", "revid": 1357552155, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 713, "year_label": "713 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Construction begins on the Leshan Giant Buddha near Leshan, Sichuan Province (China). Upon its completion in 803, it will become the largest stone carved Buddha in the world.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807131#Religion", "title": "713", "revid": 1340807131, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 715, "year_label": "715 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Empress Genmei abdicates the throne after an 8-year reign, in which she has built a replica of the Chinese imperial palace at Japan's new capital, Nara. Genmei is succeeded by her daughter Genshō.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367661130#Japan", "title": "715", "revid": 1367661130, "section": "Events › By place › Japan"}}, {"year": 724, "year_label": "724 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Shōmu orders that houses of the Japanese nobility be roofed with green tiles, as in China, and have white walls with red roof poles (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808653#Architecture", "title": "724", "revid": 1340808653, "section": "Events › By topic › Architecture"}}, {"year": 735, "year_label": "735 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "During the Tang dynasty in China, by this year there is 149,685,400 kg (165,000 short tons) of grain shipped annually along the Grand Canal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809672#Asia", "title": "735", "revid": 1340809672, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 740, "year_label": "740 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Much to the delight of the citizens of Chang'an, the Chinese government of the Tang dynasty orders fruit trees to be planted along every main avenue of the city, which enriches not only the diets of the people but also the surroundings (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352534655#Asia", "title": "740", "revid": 1352534655, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 745, "year_label": "745 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "China has accomplishments in poetry, painting and printing, but its monarchical system tends toward failure. Emperor Xuan Zong has fallen under the spell of his son's wife Yang Guifei (one of the Four Beauties of Ancient China), a Taoist priestess. He is ignoring the economy and the Tang dynasty is declining.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906475#Asia", "title": "745", "revid": 1364906475, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 747, "year_label": "747 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Xuan Zong abolishes the death penalty in China, during the Tang dynasty (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468436#Asia", "title": "AD 747", "revid": 1364468436, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 750, "year_label": "750 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The \"Western Paradise\" of Amitābha Buddha, detail of a wall painting in Cave 217, Dunhuang (China), is made during the Tang Dynasty (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358128937#Art", "title": "750", "revid": 1358128937, "section": "Events › By topic › Art"}}, {"year": 755, "year_label": "755 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 16", "text": "December 16 – General An Lushan begins the Anshi Rebellion against Emperor Xuan Zong of the Tang Dynasty (China). His army surges down from Fanyang (near modern Beijing), and moves rapidly along the Grand Canal. Meanwhile, Xuan Zong sends Feng Changqing, governor of Fanyang, to build up defenses at the eastern capital of Luoyang.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340847491#Asia", "title": "755", "revid": 1340847491, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 759, "year_label": "759 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "An Lushan Rebellion: Tang forces under Guo Ziyi lay siege to the city of Yanjing (Northern China) as they increase their efforts to end the rebellion. The fighting creates such a shortage of food within its walls that rats sell at enormous prices.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340847712#Asia", "title": "759", "revid": 1340847712, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 760, "year_label": "760 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Kingdom of Nanzhao (Nanchao) in modern-day southern China expands into the Irrawaddy River region, first into Burma, then down into northern Laos and Thailand (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358120145#China", "title": "760", "revid": 1358120145, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 763, "year_label": "763 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 17", "text": "February 17 – An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Shi Chaoyi hangs himself to avoid being captured by Tang troops sent by the renegade Li Huaixian, ending the 7-year rebellion against the Tang dynasty in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359487766#Asia", "title": "763", "revid": 1359487766, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 775, "year_label": "775 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "At around this time, Baghdad becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from Chang'an, capital of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848014#Arab_Caliphate", "title": "775", "revid": 1340848014, "section": "Events › By place › Arab Caliphate"}}, {"year": 779, "year_label": "779 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 12", "text": "June 12 - In China, De Zong (personal name Li Kuo) succeeds his father Dai Zong, as emperor of the Tang Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848243#Asia", "title": "779", "revid": 1340848243, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 781, "year_label": "781 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "New city of Bian (汴) is constructed on the site of Kaifeng during the Tang dynasty (China).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848254#Asia", "title": "781", "revid": 1340848254, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 782, "year_label": "782 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Nanchan Temple on Wutaishan, Shanxi, is built during the Tang Dynasty (China).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267081621#Religion", "title": "782", "revid": 1267081621, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 793, "year_label": "793 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Arab traders make Baghdad a financial center of the Silk Road between China and Europe. Caravans carry little or no money on their long journeys; Chinese traders use what they call fei qian (zh) (\"flying money\") to avoid robbery. The Arabs have adopted a similar banking system known as hawala to transmit funds (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906953#Commerce", "title": "793", "revid": 1364906953, "section": "Events › By topic › Commerce"}}, {"year": 804, "year_label": "804 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Kūkai, Japanese Buddhist monk, travels in a government-sponsored expedition to China, in order to learn more about the Mahavairocana Sutra. He brings back texts of Shingon (Esoteric Buddhism).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267076299#Asia", "title": "804", "revid": 1267076299, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 805, "year_label": "805 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Priest Saichō, patriarch of Tendai Buddhism, visits China and introduces tea to Japan on his return (or 804).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361734873#Asia", "title": "805", "revid": 1361734873, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 807, "year_label": "807 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Li Jifu is appointed chancellor, during the reign of Emperor Xian Zong in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342124762#Asia", "title": "807", "revid": 1342124762, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 812, "year_label": "812 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Chinese government takes over the issuing of paper bank drafts, the ancestor of paper money.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345909676#Asia", "title": "812", "revid": 1345909676, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 815, "year_label": "815 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Saga of Japan is the first sovereign to drink tea (according to legend), imported from China by monks. The upper classes adopt this beverage for medicinal use.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348647036#Asia", "title": "815", "revid": 1348647036, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 846, "year_label": "846 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 22", "text": "April 22 – Emperor Wu Zong (Li Chan) dies after a 6-year reign. He is succeeded by his uncle Xuān Zong, as Chinese ruler of the Tang Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1308185700#Asia", "title": "846", "revid": 1308185700, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 851, "year_label": "851 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Suleiman al-Tajir, Muslim merchant and traveller, visits China during the Tang Dynasty. He observes the manufacturing of Chinese porcelain at Guangzhou, and writes of his admiration for its transparent quality. Suleiman also describes the mosque at Guangzhou, its granaries, its local government administration, some of its written records, and the treatment of travellers, along with the use of ceramics, rice wine, and tea (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267073715#China", "title": "851", "revid": 1267073715, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 894, "year_label": "894 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Uda orders commercial relations (called Imperial Japanese embassies to China) to cease with China (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130298#Japan", "title": "894", "revid": 1341130298, "section": "Events › By place › Japan"}}, {"year": 901, "year_label": "901 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "In China, Fuzhou City (Fujian Province) is expanded, with the construction of a new city wall (\"Luo City\").", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345013381#Asia", "title": "901", "revid": 1345013381, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 902, "year_label": "902 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor Zhao Zong appoints Yang Xingmi as the overall commander of the Eastern circuits in China. He receives the title of Prince Wuzhong of Wu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130244#Asia", "title": "902", "revid": 1341130244, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 905, "year_label": "905 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "China loses control over Annam (Northern Vietnam). The village notable Khuc Thua Du leads a rebellion against the Tang Dynasty. The Chinese garrison at Tong Binh (modern Hanoi) is destroyed. Khuc Thua Du declares Annam autonomous.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350019271#Asia", "title": "905", "revid": 1350019271, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 907, "year_label": "907 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period begins in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130849#China", "title": "907", "revid": 1341130849, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 916, "year_label": "916 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Abaoji, Khitan ruler and founder of the Liao Dynasty, adopts Chinese court formalities in which he declares himself emperor in the Chinese style and adopts an era name, Taizu of Liao. He names his eldest son Yelü Bei as heir apparent, a first in the history of the Khitan. Abaoji leads a campaign in the west, conquering much of the Mongolian Plains.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352766259#Asia", "title": "916", "revid": 1352766259, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 923, "year_label": "923 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 13", "text": "May 13 – The Later Liang, one of the Five Dynasties in China, falls to Later Tang (founded by Li Cunxu). Li proclaims himself emperor and moves his residence back to the old Tang capital of Luoyang.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509659#Asia", "title": "923", "revid": 1341509659, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 924, "year_label": "924 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Zhuang Zong of Later Tang bestows the chancellor title on Gao Jixing (Prince of Nanping) and creates the Nanping State (Central China). The Qi State falls to Later Tang.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360748864#Asia", "title": "924", "revid": 1360748864, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 925, "year_label": "925 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Former Shu, one of the Ten Kingdoms in China, is invaded by Later Tang forces of Emperor Zhuang Zong, who incorporates the kingdom into his domains.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367671300#Asia", "title": "925", "revid": 1367671300, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 925, "year_label": "925 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – At Luoyang, Zhao Guangyin, the Grand Chancellor (equivalent to a Prime Minister) of the Emperor Li Cunxu of Later Tang dynasty China, dies. Zhao's duties are assumed by Li Cunxu's son, Prince Li Siyuan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367671300#January_–_June", "title": "925", "revid": 1367671300, "section": "Events › By date › January – June"}}, {"year": 930, "year_label": "930 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Yelü Bei, prince and elder brother of the Liao dynasty (Khitan) Emperor Taizong, leaves for China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919313#Asia", "title": "930", "revid": 1364919313, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 937, "year_label": "937 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 10", "text": "November 10 – Li Bian usurps the throne and deposes Emperor Yang Pu. The Wu State is replaced and Li (called \"Xu Zhigao\") becomes the first emperor of Southern Tang, one of the Ten Kingdoms in southern China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367668437#Asia", "title": "937", "revid": 1367668437, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 938, "year_label": "938 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Bach Dang: Tĩnh Hải Quân forces under the rule of Ngô Quyền defeated an invading force of the Southern Han state at the Bach Dang River. This put an end to Chinese imperial domination in Vietnam after nearly 1,000 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468181#Asia", "title": "938", "revid": 1364468181, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 957, "year_label": "957 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "In China the Longquan Monastery is founded during the Liao Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512729#Religion", "title": "957", "revid": 1341512729, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 958, "year_label": "958 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Chai Rong of the Later Zhou invades the Northern Han and the Khitan Empire in the Sixteen Prefectures (northern China), but is defeated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468198#Asia", "title": "958", "revid": 1364468198, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 962, "year_label": "962 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gao Baoxu, king of Nanping (China) (b. 924)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341513175#Deaths", "title": "962", "revid": 1341513175, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 963, "year_label": "963 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Nanping State, one of the Ten Kingdoms in south-central China, is forced to surrender, when invaded by armies of the Song Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272224#Asia", "title": "963", "revid": 1365272224, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 966, "year_label": "966 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Viśa' Saṃbhava, king of Khotan (China)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341513206#Deaths", "title": "966", "revid": 1341513206, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 984, "year_label": "984 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Qiao Weiyue, a Chinese engineer, innovates the first known use of the double-gated canal pound lock during the Song dynasty, for adjusting different water levels in segments of the Grand Canal in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341908618#Technology", "title": "984", "revid": 1341908618, "section": "Events › By topic › Technology"}}, {"year": 1006, "year_label": "1006 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – The brightest supernova ever recorded, SN 1006, occurs in the constellation of Lupus. It is observed and described in China, Japan, Iraq, Egypt, and Europe and possibly depicted in North American rock art. Modern astronomers now consider its distance at about 7,200 light-years. The supernova provides enough light to read by on a night with a dark moon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344800605#Astronomy", "title": "1006", "revid": 1344800605, "section": "Events › By topic › Astronomy"}}, {"year": 1008, "year_label": "1008 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah sends a tributary mission to Emperor Zhenzong of the Song dynasty in order to reestablish trade relations between the Fatimid Caliphate and China (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910052#Arabian_Empire", "title": "1008", "revid": 1341910052, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 1010, "year_label": "1010 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Song Zhun of Song dynasty China completes the work of the earlier geographer Lu Duosun, an enormous atlas of China that is written and illustrated in 1,556 chapters, showing maps of each region, city, town, and village (the atlas took 39 years to complete).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373015431#Asia", "title": "1010", "revid": 1373015431, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1038, "year_label": "1038 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 9", "text": "January 9 – An earthquake in Dingxiang, China kills an estimated 32,300.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129769#Asia", "title": "1038", "revid": 1350129769, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1045, "year_label": "1045 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Movable type printing is invented by Bi Sheng in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368801306#Events", "title": "1045", "revid": 1368801306, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1046, "year_label": "1046 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "Bao Zheng (Lord Bao), a Chinese government officer during the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song, writes a memorial to the throne. He warns about governmental corruption – and a foreseeable bankruptcy of the Chinese iron industry – if increasingly poorer families continued to be listed on the register for iron-smelting households (while rich households avoid being listed for fear of financial calamity). Apparently the government heeds the warning, and produces more iron products by the year 1078 than China ever had before.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350130059#Asia", "title": "1046", "revid": 1350130059, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1056, "year_label": "1056 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The Pagoda of Fogong Temple at Shanxi in northern China is built during the Liao dynasty. Work begins on the Pizhi Pagoda of Lingyan Temple at Shandong under the opposing Song dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365382431#Religion", "title": "1056", "revid": 1365382431, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1063, "year_label": "1063 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Pizhi Pagoda located at Lingyan Temple (Shandong province) in China is completed, standing at a height of 54 m (177 ft) tall.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370137387#Architecture", "title": "1063", "revid": 1370137387, "section": "Events › By topic › Architecture"}}, {"year": 1067, "year_label": "1067 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 25", "text": "January 25 – Emperor Yingzong (or Zhao Shu) of the Song dynasty dies after a 4-year reign. He is succeeded by his 18-year-old son Shen Zong as emperor of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365260536#China", "title": "1067", "revid": 1365260536, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 1115, "year_label": "1115 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Jin dynasty (1115–1234) (or Great Jin) is created by the Jurchen tribal chieftain Taizu (or Aguda). He establishes a dual-administration system: a Chinese-style bureaucracy to rule over northern and northeast China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369310142#Asia", "title": "1115", "revid": 1369310142, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1116, "year_label": "1116 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Aak music is introduced to the Korean court, through a large gift of 428 musical instruments as well as 572 costumes and ritual dance objects from China, by Emperor Huizong of the Song dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362168627#Art_and_Music", "title": "1116", "revid": 1362168627, "section": "Events › By topic › Art and Music"}}, {"year": 1117, "year_label": "1117 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The magnetic compass is first used for maritime navigation purposes during the Song dynasty in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694426#Technology", "title": "1117", "revid": 1361694426, "section": "Events › By topic › Technology"}}, {"year": 1121, "year_label": "1121 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Emperor Huizong of Song sends an expedition to crush the rebellion at Hangzhou (modern-day Zhejiang) in China. The rebels are defeated and their leader Fang La is captured and executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362154597#Asia", "title": "1121", "revid": 1362154597, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1126, "year_label": "1126 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – In China, scholars and farmers demonstrate around the capital city of Kaifeng, for the restoration of a trusted military official, Li Gang (李綱). Small conflicts erupt between the protestors and the government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368526441#Asia", "title": "1126", "revid": 1368526441, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1135, "year_label": "1135 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Jin–Song War – Song forces under Yue Fei begin a counteroffensive against the Jurchen-ruled Jin dynasty in northern China. He defeats Jin forces, by entangling his paddle-wheel ships at the Huai River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184463#Asia", "title": "1135", "revid": 1369184463, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1137, "year_label": "1137 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "In China during the Song Dynasty, a fire breaks out in the new capital of Hangzhou. The government suspends the requirement of rent payments, alms of 108,840 kg (120 tons) of rice are distributed to the poor, and items such as bamboo, planks and rush-matting are exempted from government taxation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362157430#Asia", "title": "1137", "revid": 1362157430, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1142, "year_label": "1142 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 11", "text": "October 11 – Treaty of Shaoxing: The northern Jin Dynasty and Southern Song Dynasty sign a peace treaty, this ending the Jurchen campaigns against the Song Dynasty in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362174122#Asia", "title": "1142", "revid": 1362174122, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1151, "year_label": "1151 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Anping Bridge is completed in China's Fujian province. Its total length will not be exceeded until 1846.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368252433#Events", "title": "1151", "revid": 1368252433, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1153, "year_label": "1153 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10 – Taira no Tadamori dies after a career in which he has used his military and diplomatic skills to subdue the pirates menacing commerce in the Seto Inland Sea. He expands trade with China and becomes the first samurai to serve Emperor Konoe as personal bodyguard. He is succeeded by his son Taira no Kiyomori, who assumes control of the Taira Clan. He establishes the first samurai-dominated government in Japan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184506#Asia", "title": "1153", "revid": 1369184506, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1161, "year_label": "1161 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Jin–Song Wars: The Battle of Tangdao (November 16) and Battle of Caishi (November 26–27) on the Yangtze River, between the Jin dynasty and the Song dynasty in China result in two pivotal Song naval victories.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300116018#Asia", "title": "1161", "revid": 1300116018, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1168, "year_label": "1168 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Yuanqu County (also known as Wanting County) in China is destroyed by a flood of the Yellow River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362165077#Asia", "title": "1168", "revid": 1362165077, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1180, "year_label": "1180 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Hangzhou, the capital of the Southern Song dynasty in China, becomes the largest city in the world, surpassing Fez in the Almohad Caliphate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368649234#Demography", "title": "1180", "revid": 1368649234, "section": "Events › By topic › Demography"}}, {"year": 1189, "year_label": "1189 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – Emperor Xiaozong abdicates in favour of his son Guangzong as ruler of the Song dynasty. Xiaozong becomes a Taishang Huang (\"Retired Emperor\") and remains as the de facto ruler of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362168718#Asia", "title": "1189", "revid": 1362168718, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1213, "year_label": "1213 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Jin China is overrun by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, who plunder the countryside and cities, until only Beijing remains free, despite two bloody palace coups and a lengthy siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170181#Events", "title": "1213", "revid": 1362170181, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1227, "year_label": "1227 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Dōgen Zenji receives Dharma transmission and inka from his master Rujing in China, settling his \"life's quest of the great matter\", going on to introduce Sōtō Zen Buddhism into his native Japan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488499#Religion", "title": "1227", "revid": 1367488499, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1256, "year_label": "1256 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Mongol forces (some 80,000 men), under Hulagu Khan, cross the Oxus River, and begin their campaign to destroy the remaining Muslim states in southwestern Asia – with the first objectives being the Nizari Ismaili strongholds and Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. The roads across Turkestan and Persia are repaired, and bridges built. Carts are requisitioned to bring siege machines from China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350995211#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1256", "revid": 1350995211, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1271, "year_label": "1271 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The 17-year-old Marco Polo departs from Venice with his father and uncle Niccolò and Maffeo Polo, to set off for Asia to meet the Mongolian emperor Kublai Khan (the grandson of Genghis Khan) at his court in Beijing, China. They sail across the Mediterranean Sea and travel overland, crossing Armenia, Persia and the Pamir Mountains.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320596#Europe", "title": "1271", "revid": 1351320596, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1275, "year_label": "1275 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Rabban Bar Sauma, Chinese Nestorian monk, embarks on a pilgrimage from China to Jerusalem. He travels to Hotan, Kashgar, Taraz and Khorasan (modern Afghanistan).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270169#Religion", "title": "1275", "revid": 1365270169, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1276, "year_label": "1276 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The court of the Southern Song dynasty of China and hundreds of thousands of its citizens flee from Hangzhou to Fujian, and then Guangdong, in an effort to escape a Mongol invasion under Kublai Khan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344445633#Asia", "title": "1276", "revid": 1344445633, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1277, "year_label": "1277 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Migration of the (Southern) Song dynasty: Some 50,000 citizens of the Song dynasty in China become the first recorded inhabitants of Macau, as they seek refuge from the invading armies of the Yuan dynasty. They also stay for a short period in (New) Kowloon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362646784#Asia", "title": "1277", "revid": 1362646784, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1285, "year_label": "1285 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – Battle of Chương Dương: Joint forces of Champa and Đại Việt defeat the Mongol-led Yuan fleet on the Red River. Most of the Yuan warships are burned during the battle, and the Mongol army retreats to China in late June. The Vietnamese royal court returns to the capital in Thang Long following a six-month conflict.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359686470#Asia", "title": "1285", "revid": 1359686470, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1286, "year_label": "1286 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In the Lao kingdom of Muang Sua, King Panya Leng is overthrown in a coup d'état led by his son, Prince Panya Khamphong, which is likely to have been supported by the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363071337#Asia", "title": "1286", "revid": 1363071337, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1290, "year_label": "1290 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – The 6.8 Zhili earthquake affects the province of Zhili in China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing 7,270–100,000 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343598991#Asia", "title": "1290", "revid": 1343598991, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1292, "year_label": "1292 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Kublai Khan sends a Mongol expeditionary force (some 20,000 men) to Java. He collects an invasion fleet with some 500–1,000 ships and enough provisions for a year from Fujian, Jiangxi and Huguang in southern China. The fleet travels past Champa (modern Vietnam) and the Karimata Islands. The Mongols land on Java, taking the capital of Kediri, but it proves impossible to hold.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358845029#Asia", "title": "1292", "revid": 1358845029, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1295, "year_label": "1295 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Marco Polo returns to Venice after 24 years of travel in China. When the Polos arrive, Venice is engaged in a naval war with the rival city of Genoa. Marco joins the war and arms a galley equipped with a trebuchet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368220335#Europe", "title": "1295", "revid": 1368220335, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1315, "year_label": "1315 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Cairo, capital of the Mamluk Sultanate becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from Hangzhou in Mongolian China (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018303#Cities_and_towns", "title": "1315", "revid": 1332018303, "section": "By topic › Cities and towns"}}, {"year": 1327, "year_label": "1327 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "In China, the Grand Canal, which runs from Beijing to Hangzhou over a distance of 1,800 km, is completed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367267747#Trade_and_Transport", "title": "1327", "revid": 1367267747, "section": "Events › By topic › Trade and Transport"}}, {"year": 1333, "year_label": "1333 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "A famine (lasting until 1337) breaks out in China, killing six million.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351084838#Date_unknown", "title": "1333", "revid": 1351084838, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1348, "year_label": "1348 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Estimation: Hangzhou in Mongolian China becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Cairo, capital of Mamluk Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320392432#Date_unknown", "title": "1348", "revid": 1320392432, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1352, "year_label": "1352 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "After years of begging and being a Buddhist monk, the penniless Chinese peasant Zhu Yuanzhang joins the Red Turban Rebellions against the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China; he will later become the first emperor of the Ming dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1294629592#Date_unknown", "title": "1352", "revid": 1294629592, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1361, "year_label": "1361 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Chinese rebels capture the Goryeo capital.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364918335#Date_unknown", "title": "1361", "revid": 1364918335, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1363, "year_label": "1363 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 30", "text": "August 30–October 4 – Battle of Lake Poyang: The Dahan rebel forces of Chen Youliang are defeated by the Red Turban Rebel forces of Zhu Yuanzhang, during the final decade of Yuan dynasty control over China. Zhu's naval forces of 200,000 are pitted against Chen's naval forces of 650,000 troops, in what is not only the largest naval battle of the medieval age, but also one of the largest naval battles in history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292555096#January–December", "title": "1363", "revid": 1292555096, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1369, "year_label": "1369 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Hongwu Emperor of the Chinese Ming dynasty issues a decree ordering every country magistrate in the empire to open a Confucian school of learning.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371621472#Dates_unknown", "title": "1369", "revid": 1371621472, "section": "Events › Dates unknown"}}, {"year": 1371, "year_label": "1371 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty in China introduces the census registration system of lijia, or the hundreds-and-tithing system, throughout the Yangzi Valley. This system groups households into units of ten and groups of one hundred, whereupon their capacities for paying taxes and providing the state with corvée labor service can be assessed. The system becomes fully operational in 1381, when it counts 59,873,305 people living in China (the historian Timothy Brook asserts that the number was much higher, somewhere between 65 million and 75 million).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370413855#Date_unknown", "title": "1371", "revid": 1370413855, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1372, "year_label": "1372 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Kingdom of Chūzan, ruled by King Satto on the island of Okinawa, in Japan) enters tributary relations with Ming dynasty China by way of an envoy, Yang Zai, sent by the Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370079239#Date_unknown", "title": "1372", "revid": 1370079239, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1380, "year_label": "1380 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – Hu Weiyong, the Grand Chancellor of Ming dynasty China, is accused of treason and executed as the Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang (Emperor Hongwu) begins a purge of over 30,000 people perceived as opponents of the Imperial government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360515041#January–March", "title": "1380", "revid": 1360515041, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1392, "year_label": "1392 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "September 24", "text": "September 24 – Zhu Yuanzhang, the Hongwu Emperor of Ming dynasty China, declares that all males must wear the queue hairstyle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360558319#July–September", "title": "1392", "revid": 1360558319, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1403, "year_label": "1403 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "In China, the Emperor Cheng Zu moves the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, commissions the Yongle Encyclopedia, one of the world's earliest and largest known general encyclopedias, and orders his coastal provinces to build a vast fleet of ships, with construction centered at Longjiang near Nanjing; the inland provinces are to provide wood and float it down the Yangtze River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371593649#Date_unknown", "title": "1403", "revid": 1371593649, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1403, "year_label": "1403 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – The Yongle Era in China begins with the first day of the Chinese New Year, six months after King Zhu Di of the Yan State arrived at Nanjing, deposed the southern Chinese Emperor Zhu Yun Wen, and proclaimed himself as the Emperor Cheng Zu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371593649#January–March", "title": "1403", "revid": 1371593649, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1404, "year_label": "1404 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Timur is hit by a fever, while preparing to invade China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361962096#Date_unknown", "title": "1404", "revid": 1361962096, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1408, "year_label": "1408 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 19", "text": "October 19 – Awang Pateh Berbai, in Nanjing in China as part of the family accompanying his nephew, the Sultan Abdul Majid Hassan, becomes the new Sultan of Brunei when Abdul dies from an illness.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360565942#July–December", "title": "1408", "revid": 1360565942, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1428, "year_label": "1428 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Lam Sơn uprising: Lê Lợi, founder of the Lê dynasty in Vietnam, liberates Annam (the territory occupied by Ming dynasty China in 1407) and restores the kingdom as Đại Việt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359832254#Date_unknown", "title": "1428", "revid": 1359832254, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1433, "year_label": "1433 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – Emperor Xuanzong of Ming dynasty China welcomes the envoys of 11 foreign nations that had sent representatives to travel back to China with Admiral Zheng He's fleet. Present at the Imperial Court as guests are envoys of the kings of Samudera, Kingdom of Kotte, Kingdom of Cochin, Calicut, Dhofar, Aden, Coimbatore, Hormuz, Jayile and Mecca.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320602#July–September", "title": "1433", "revid": 1351320602, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1434, "year_label": "1434 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "In Ming Dynasty China, a long episode of drought, flood, locust infestation, and famine cripple agriculture and commerce in areas throughout the country, until 1448.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1335073150#Date_unknown", "title": "1434", "revid": 1335073150, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1438, "year_label": "1438 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "Just two years after the Ming dynasty court of China allowed landowners paying the grain tax to pay their tax in silver instead, the Ming court now decides to close all silver mines and prohibit all private silver mining in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. This is a concerted effort to halt the increase of silver circulating into the market. The illegal mining of silver is now an offense punishable by death; although it becomes a dangerous affair, the high demand for silver also makes it very lucrative, and so many chose to defy the government and continue to mine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365935905#Date_unknown", "title": "1438", "revid": 1365935905, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1448, "year_label": "1448 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "After a long episode of drought, flood, locust infestation and famine in Ming dynasty China since the year 1434, these natural afflictions finally wane, and agriculture and commerce return to a state of normality.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367832753#Date_unknown", "title": "1448", "revid": 1367832753, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1470, "year_label": "1470 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "July 30", "text": "July 30 – Hongzhi Emperor of China (d. 1505)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853032#Births", "title": "1470", "revid": 1359853032, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1487, "year_label": "1487 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – Chenghua Emperor of China (b. 1447)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366465965#Deaths", "title": "1487", "revid": 1366465965, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1491, "year_label": "1491 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The population of China reaches 56.238 million.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360561378#Date_unknown", "title": "1491", "revid": 1360561378, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1513, "year_label": "1513 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May", "text": "May – Portuguese explorer Jorge Álvares and his crew land on Lintin Island, in the Pearl River estuary, near Guangzhou, becoming the first Europeans to arrive in China by sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363949569#April–June", "title": "1513", "revid": 1363949569, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1527, "year_label": "1527 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The Ming dynasty government of China greatly reduces the quotas for taking grain, severely diminishing the state's capacity to relieve famines through a previously successful granary system.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366980186#Date_unknown", "title": "1527", "revid": 1366980186, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1528, "year_label": "1528 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "In Henan province, China, during the mid Ming dynasty, a vast drought deprives the region of harvests for the next two years, killing off half the people in some communities, due to starvation and cannibalism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369577446#Date_unknown", "title": "1528", "revid": 1369577446, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1529, "year_label": "1529 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 8", "text": "January 8 – Zhang Qijie becomes the most powerful woman in Ming dynasty China as the primary wife of the Jiajing Emperor, shortly after the death of the Empress Xiaojiesu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362793946#January–March", "title": "1529", "revid": 1362793946, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1538, "year_label": "1538 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The first in a decade-long series of severe famines and epidemics sweep central and southeastern China during the Ming dynasty, made worse by a decision of 1527 to cut back on the intake of grain quotas for granaries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561127#Date_unknown", "title": "1538", "revid": 1369561127, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "In Henan province, China, a severe drought with swarms of locusts is made worse, by a major epidemic outbreak of the plague.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#Undated", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › Undated"}}, {"year": 1548, "year_label": "1548 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – General Zhu Wan of Ming dynasty China dispatches a fleet of ships, commanded by Lu Tang, to destroy smugglers and pirates at Shangyu, a port on Liuheng Island. The fleet sets off from Wenzhou and makes its attack in June.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656469#April–June", "title": "1548", "revid": 1366656469, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1549, "year_label": "1549 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Although trade existed between the two beforehand, in this year the Portuguese begin to send regular seasonal maritime trade missions to Ming dynasty China, at Sao João Island (also known as Shangchuan Island) near Macau.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362482759#Date_unknown", "title": "1549", "revid": 1362482759, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1573, "year_label": "1573 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – The Wanli Era begins in Ming dynasty China on the first New Year after 9-year-old Zhu Yijun ascends the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656331#January–March", "title": "1573", "revid": 1366656331, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1597, "year_label": "1597 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "12 million pesos of silver cross the Pacific. Although it is unknown just how much silver flowed from the Spanish base of Manila in the Philippines to the Ming Dynasty of China, it is known that the main port for the Mexican silver trade—Acapulco—shipped out 150,000 to 345,000 kg (4 to 9 million taels) of silver annually from this year to 1602.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801855#Date_unknown", "title": "1597", "revid": 1362801855, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1605, "year_label": "1605 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – The 1605 Guangdong earthquake, of 7.5 magnitude, strikes China's Hainan Province causing widespread damage and thousands of deaths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362477436#July–September", "title": "1605", "revid": 1362477436, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1615, "year_label": "1615 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Manuel Dias, a Portuguese Jesuit missionary, introduces the telescope for the first time in China, in his book Tian Wen Lüe (Explicatio Sphaerae Coelestis).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365922608#Date_unknown", "title": "1615", "revid": 1365922608, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1623, "year_label": "1623 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – Zhu Youlang, Prince of Gui, the Yongli Emperor, the 4th and last emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty of China (d. 1662)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655899#October–December", "title": "1623", "revid": 1366655899, "section": "Births › October–December"}}, {"year": 1626, "year_label": "1626 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10 – Battle of Ningyuan: In Xingcheng in China, after an 8-day battle, Ming dynasty commander Yuan Chonghuan defeats the much larger force of Manchu leader Nurhaci, who dies soon after and is succeeded by Huang Taiji.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367580131#January–March", "title": "1626", "revid": 1367580131, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1626, "year_label": "1626 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – A 7.0 magnitude earthquake strikes Lingqiu County, in China, killing 5,200 residents.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367580131#April–June", "title": "1626", "revid": 1367580131, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1627, "year_label": "1627 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – After the First Manchu invasion of Korea, the Joseon dynasty of Korea becomes a tributary state of the Manchus, but still pays respects to the Ming dynasty of China. After rejecting a Manchu alteration to the original diplomatic terms in 1636, the Manchus invade again in 1637.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371072250#January–March", "title": "1627", "revid": 1371072250, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1636, "year_label": "1636 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Manchus occupy the Liaoning region in north China, select Shenyang (Mukden) as their capital, and proclaim the new Qing dynasty (pure).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358525522#Date_unknown", "title": "1636", "revid": 1358525522, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1644, "year_label": "1644 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 25", "text": "April 25 – Chongzhen, last Ming Emperor of China (suicide) (b. 1611)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560996#Deaths", "title": "1644", "revid": 1369560996, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1644, "year_label": "1644 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 6", "text": "June 6 – The invading Qing army, with the help of Ming general Wu Sangui, captures Beijing in China, marking the beginning of Manchu rule over China proper, which will last until 1912.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560996#April–June", "title": "1644", "revid": 1369560996, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1668, "year_label": "1668 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 16", "text": "December 16 – In China, the 1661 edict of the \"Great Clearance\", the forcible evacuation of the coastal areas of Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangnan, and Shandong in order to fight a rebellion, is rescinded by the Kangxi Emperor after lobbying by Zhou Youde, the Viceroy of Liangguang.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989896#October_–December", "title": "1668", "revid": 1365989896, "section": "Events › October –December"}}, {"year": 1679, "year_label": "1679 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 2", "text": "September 2 – The 8.0 magnitude Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake devastates Beijing and Hebei in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366669253#July–September", "title": "1679", "revid": 1366669253, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1704, "year_label": "1704 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – Annular solar eclipse is visible through Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, eastern China, Myanmar and northern Philippines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358992532#October–December", "title": "1704", "revid": 1358992532, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1706, "year_label": "1706 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 29", "text": "June 29 – Flemish Jesuit missionary François Noël is welcomed in China by the Kangxi Emperor at the Forbidden City in Beijing, and discusses the Emperor's disdain over the disapproval of Jesuit accommodation of Confucian rites by the Roman Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351890964#April–June", "title": "1706", "revid": 1351890964, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1718, "year_label": "1718 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 19", "text": "June 19 – A 7.5 earthquake shakes Tongwei County in China, killing 73,000 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350255401#April_–_June", "title": "1718", "revid": 1350255401, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1732, "year_label": "1732 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 9", "text": "February 9 – The Swedish East India Company begins its profitable first expedition to China, departing Gothenburg on the ship Friedericus Rex Sueciae under the command of Colin Campbell.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369314491#January–March", "title": "1732", "revid": 1369314491, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1735, "year_label": "1735 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – In China, Qianlong succeeds his father, Yongzheng, as Emperor and begins a 60-year-long reign within the Qing dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365121192#October_–December", "title": "1735", "revid": 1365121192, "section": "Events › October –December"}}, {"year": 1739, "year_label": "1739 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 3", "text": "January 3 – A 7.6 earthquake shakes the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China killing 50,000 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340647395#January–March", "title": "1739", "revid": 1340647395, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1746, "year_label": "1746 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 3", "text": "July 3 – Father Joachim Royo, the last of the five Spanish Catholic missionaries to Fuzhou in China, is captured by Chinese authorities, after having spent three decades defying orders to not evangelize.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360271173#July–September", "title": "1746", "revid": 1360271173, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1754, "year_label": "1754 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – China's Qianlong Emperor reverses a longstanding policy that barred Chinese subjects from ever returning to China if they remained out of the country for more than three years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360193273#October–December", "title": "1754", "revid": 1360193273, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1768, "year_label": "1768 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – The Imperial Court of China's Emperor Qianlong and his three senior grand councilors, Fuheng, Yenjisan and Liu T'ung-hsun, issues a directive to officials in the Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shandong provinces warning them about the need to respond to rumors of sorcery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369390957#July–September", "title": "1768", "revid": 1369390957, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1773, "year_label": "1773 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "In China, written work begins on the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries, the largest literary compilation of books in China's history (surpassing the Yongle Encyclopedia of the 15th Century). Upon completion in 1782, the books are bound in 36,381 volumes (册) with more than 79,000 chapters (卷), comprising about 2.3 million pages, and approximately 800 million Chinese characters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365114710#Date_unknown", "title": "1773", "revid": 1365114710, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1815, "year_label": "1815 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – A 6.8 earthquake shakes northern China causing many houses and caves to collapse, killing at least 13,000 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365587765#October", "title": "1815", "revid": 1365587765, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1819, "year_label": "1819 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 3", "text": "November 3 – The becomes the first American warship to visit China, landing at Lintin Island, off of the coast of Canton.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355822452#October–December", "title": "1819", "revid": 1355822452, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July", "text": "July – Taiping Rebellion: Hong Xiuquan orders the general mobilisation of rebel forces in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365770371#July–September", "title": "1850", "revid": 1365770371, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1855, "year_label": "1855 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – The Nepalese invasion of Tibet (west of China) to the north across the Himalaya Mountains (tallest and most rugged in the world) starts the Nepalese–Tibetan War (1855–1856).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358982600#April–June", "title": "1855", "revid": 1358982600, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1871, "year_label": "1871 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – Chinese massacre of 1871: In Los Angeles' Chinatown, 19 Chinese immigrants are killed by a mob of 500 men.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368649173#October–December", "title": "1871", "revid": 1368649173, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1900, "year_label": "1900 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 2", "text": "January 2 – U.S. Secretary of State John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote American trade with China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373317536#January", "title": "1900", "revid": 1373317536, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – A 7.7 earthquake shakes the border between China and Kyrgyzstan killing 10,000 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318639#August", "title": "1902", "revid": 1373318639, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "April 24", "text": "April 24 – China's Empress Regent Cixi (Tzu Hsi) abolishes further use in executions of the nation's three most cruel torture execution methods, lingchi (\"death by a thousand cuts\"), gibbeting (similar to crucifixion, hanging until dying of exposure, thirst or starvation), and desecration of a dying person.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373341358#April", "title": "1905", "revid": 1373341358, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1908, "year_label": "1908 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, a future President of Finland, meets the 13th Dalai Lama in Shanxi, China, becoming only the third European to be granted an audience with him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373410903#June", "title": "1908", "revid": 1373410903, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1908, "year_label": "1908 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – Bank of Communications, a major financial services provider in China, is founded in Beijing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373410903#March", "title": "1908", "revid": 1373410903, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1910, "year_label": "1910 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – The Nanyang industrial exposition (\"Nanking Exposition\"), an official world's fair, opens in Qing dynasty China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373495790#June", "title": "1910", "revid": 1373495790, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1931, "year_label": "1931 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "November 7", "text": "November 7 – Red China News Agency (a predecessor of the Xinhua News Agency) is officially founded, and news wire service start in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province, China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310518#November", "title": "1931", "revid": 1371310518, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1938, "year_label": "1938 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 & 7 – The 1938 Yellow River flood is created by the Nationalist government in central China, breaching embankments during the early stage of the Second Sino-Japanese War, in an attempt to halt the rapid advance of Japanese forces. The flood kills at least 400,000, covers and destroys thousands of square kilometers of farmland, and shifts the mouth of the Yellow River hundreds of kilometers to the south.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818751#June", "title": "1938", "revid": 1368818751, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – Battle of Nanri Island: The Republic of China seizes the island from the People's Republic of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#March–April", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1957, "year_label": "1957 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Mao Zedong admits that 800,000 \"class enemies\" had been summarily liquidated in China between 1949 and 1954.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371361971#Date_unknown", "title": "1957", "revid": 1371361971, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 31", "text": "August 31 – The Workers' Stadium sports venue in Beijing (China) is officially opened.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#August", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March", "text": "March–May – Yi–Ta incident: At least 60,000 Chinese citizens migrate from the People's Republic of China to the Soviet Union, predominantly (but not exclusively) ethnic Kazakhs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#March", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 21", "text": "November 21 – The Sino-Indian War ends with a Chinese victory with India surrendering Aksai Chin to China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#November", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1983, "year_label": "1983 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 23", "text": "August 23 – In a crackdown on crime, the Chinese state executes 19 people for murder, 10 for rape, and one for auto theft. By the end of the year, Amnesty International estimates that at least 600 people have been executed in China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366392977#August", "title": "1983", "revid": 1366392977, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – Mikhail Gorbachev visits China, the first Soviet leader to do so since Nikita Khrushchev in the 1960s, ending the Sino-Soviet split.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#May", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 2", "text": "October 2 – According to The Civil Aviation of China, two commercial planes collide on the runway at the Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, Guangdong, China. The total death toll is 128; 53 people were wounded, 97 were rescued.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#October", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 5", "text": "November 5 – China and Vietnam restore diplomatic relations after a 13-year rift which followed the 1979 Sino-Vietnamese War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#November", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 – China and South Korea establish diplomatic relations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#August", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1996, "year_label": "1996 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: China begins surface-to-surface missile testing and military exercises off Taiwanese coastal areas. The United States government condemns the act as provocation, and the Taiwanese government warns of retaliation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371596794#March", "title": "1996", "revid": 1371596794, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10 – American soccer player Brandi Chastain scores the game winning penalty kick against China in the final of the FIFA Women's World Cup.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#July", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – China launches the first Shenzhou spacecraft.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#November", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2005, "year_label": "2005 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – China ratifies an anti-secession law, aimed at preventing Taiwan from declaring independence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368527363#March", "title": "2005", "revid": 1368527363, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – Expo 2010 is held in Shanghai, China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#May", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 31", "text": "October 31 – Expo 2010 concludes in Shanghai, China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#October", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2011, "year_label": "2011 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – Wenzhou train collision; 2 high speed trains in Wenzhou, China collided on a viaduct, sending multiple cars off the viaduct and crushing some. 40 people are killed and 192 people are injured.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372940525#July", "title": "2011", "revid": 1372940525, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2012, "year_label": "2012 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 15", "text": "November 15 – After the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Xi Jinping succeeds Hu Jintao as the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and becomes the top leader of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373434549#November", "title": "2012", "revid": 1373434549, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "April 25", "text": "April 25 – A magnitude 7.8 earthquake strikes Nepal and causes 8,857 deaths in Nepal (including 19 at Everest base cammp), 130 in India, 27 in China and 4 in Bangladesh with a total of 9,018 deaths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373300271#April", "title": "2015", "revid": 1373300271, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 – A second major earthquake in Nepal, measuring 7.3 on the moment magnitude scale, results in 153 deaths in Nepal, 62 in India, 1 in China and 2 in Bangladesh, with a total of 218 deaths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373300271#May", "title": "2015", "revid": 1373300271, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2016, "year_label": "2016 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – The Philippines wins the arbitration case they filed at the Permanent Court of Arbitration regarding the legality of China's \"nine-dash line\" claim over the South China Sea under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373421880#July", "title": "2016", "revid": 1373421880, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2017, "year_label": "2017 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 25", "text": "October 25 – At the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Xi Jinping assumes his second term as General Secretary (China's paramount leader), and the political theory Xi Jinping Thought is written into the party's constitution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371948773#October", "title": "2017", "revid": 1371948773, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2018, "year_label": "2018 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14–16 – Typhoon Mangkhut impacts the Philippines, Taiwan, Hong Kong and China, resulting in more than 60 fatalities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373090883#September", "title": "2018", "revid": 1373090883, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – COVID-19 pandemic: First known human case of Coronavirus disease 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei, China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#December", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – Taiwan scrambles its fighter aircraft after two Chinese jets crossed the maritime border between the two nations. Just the day before, Japan had similarly scrambled its jets after Chinese jets flew between Miyako and Okinawa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#March", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "April 17", "text": "April 17 – The China Securities Regulatory Commission approves a transaction in which Switzerland's Credit Suisse will take a majority interest in a China securities firm, making Credit Suisse the first foreign bank to own a majority of such a company since the easing of foreign ownership rules in 2018.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#April", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services Alex Azar travels to Taiwan, the highest U.S. official visit to the country in 40 years. The PRC condemns the visit.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#August", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – COVID-19 pandemic: Chinese authorities publicly confirm human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#January", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – COVID-19 pandemic: The Chinese city of Wuhan, the epicenter of the initial COVID-19 outbreak, is quarantined, with all scheduled public transport services and intercity flights halted.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#January", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – China passes the controversial Hong Kong national security law, allowing China to crack down on opposition to Beijing at home or abroad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#June", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "March 24", "text": "March 24 – Chinese Premier Li Keqiang reports that the domestically transmitted epidemic is now under control. Two days later, China temporarily suspends entry for foreign nationals with visas or residence permits, effective midnight on March 28.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#March", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – Global COVID-19 cases reach 500,000, with nearly 23,000 deaths confirmed. The U.S. surpasses China and Italy in the total number of known COVID-19 cases, with at least 81,321 cases and more than 1,000 deaths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#March", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, the largest free trade area in the world, comes into effect for Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#January", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 16", "text": "October 16–October 23 – The 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party is held. Xi Jinping is elected as General Secretary by the Central Committee, beginning a third term as the paramount leader of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#October", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 5", "text": "September 5 – A 6.8 earthquake strikes Luding County in Sichuan province, China, killing 117 and injuring 424.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#September", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 17", "text": "February 17 – The South African Navy hosts a 10-day joint military exercise in the Indian Ocean with Russia and China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#February", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – Honduras switches its formal diplomatic recognition of \"China\" from the Republic of China to the People's Republic of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#March", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – Brazil and China sign an agreement to trade in their own currencies, ceasing the usage of the United States dollar as an intermediary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#March", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – China brokers a unity agreement between rival Palestinian factions Fatah and Hamas to form a single government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#July", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2025, "year_label": "2025 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15–17 – The first World Humanoid Robot Games are held in Beijing, China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372865033#August", "title": "2025", "revid": 1372865033, "section": "Events › August"}}]}