{"slug": "chinese-buddhism", "label": "Chinese Buddhism", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Buddhism", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847618", "qid": "Q847618", "description": "Buddhism with Chinese characteristics", "entries": 53, "years": 51, "span": [71, 1352], "span_label": ["71 CE", "1352 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Births", "count": 21}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 20}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "zen", "label": "Zen", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "faxian", "label": "Faxian", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "taoism", "label": "Taoism", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "chinese-poetry", "label": "Chinese poetry", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "emperor-xuanzong-of-tang", "label": "Emperor Xuanzong of Tang", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "monastery", "label": "Monastery", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "xuanzang", "label": "Xuanzang", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "chan-buddhism", "label": "Chan Buddhism", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ceylon", "label": "Ceylon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tang-dynasty", "label": "Tang dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "wu-zetian", "label": "Wu Zetian", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 71, "year_label": "71 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Liu Ying, Chinese prince of the Han Dynasty who converted to Buddhism", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371185937#Deaths", "title": "AD 71", "revid": 1371185937, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 360, "year_label": "360 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Tao Sheng, Chinese Buddhist scholar (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332419195#Births", "title": "AD 360", "revid": 1332419195, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 412, "year_label": "412 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Fa-Hien, Chinese Buddhist monk, spends 2 years in Ceylon and is more than 200 days at sea as storms drive his ship off its course, but returns with sacred Buddhist texts back to China (see 414).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346865702#Religion", "title": "412", "revid": 1346865702, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 416, "year_label": "416 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Huiyuan, Buddhist teacher and founder of the Donglin Temple (b. 334)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367641805#Deaths", "title": "416", "revid": 1367641805, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 422, "year_label": "422 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Fa-Hien, Chinese Buddhist monk and traveler (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364741789#Deaths", "title": "422", "revid": 1364741789, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 434, "year_label": "434 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Tao Sheng, Chinese Buddhist scholar", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364747706#Deaths", "title": "434", "revid": 1364747706, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 477, "year_label": "477 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Liu Zhun, age 10, becomes Emperor Shun of the Liu Song dynasty after his brother Houfei is assassinated by general Xiao Daocheng. He installs Shun as puppet ruler and sets himself up as regent. Xiao receives near-imperial powers, establishes Buddhism as the state religion and sets up the \"Three Leaders\" system, under which native hamlet, village and district officers are responsible for taxation and conscription.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739274#China", "title": "477", "revid": 1364739274, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 557, "year_label": "557 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Dushun, Chinese (Buddhist) patriarch (d. 640)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340800259#Births", "title": "557", "revid": 1340800259, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 596, "year_label": "596 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Daoxuan, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 667)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739187#Births", "title": "596", "revid": 1364739187, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 598, "year_label": "598 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Guoqing Temple is built on Mount Tiantai (Zhejiang), and becomes the site for the teachings of Chinese Buddhism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751875#Religion", "title": "598", "revid": 1364751875, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 602, "year_label": "602 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Xuanzang, Chinese Buddhist monk and traveler (d. 664)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364904263#Births", "title": "602", "revid": 1364904263, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 640, "year_label": "640 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Dushun, (Chinese Buddhist) patriarch (b. 557)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364750340#Deaths", "title": "640", "revid": 1364750340, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 658, "year_label": "658 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Chinese Buddhist monks Zhi Yu and Zhi You recreate several south-pointing chariots, for the Japanese prince Tenji. This is a 3rd-century device made by Ma Jun, and acts as a mechanical-driven directional-compass vehicle (according to the Nihon Shoki).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369710051#Asia", "title": "658", "revid": 1369710051, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 664, "year_label": "664 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Xuanzang, Chinese Buddhist monk and traveler", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367636792#Deaths", "title": "664", "revid": 1367636792, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 667, "year_label": "667 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Daoxuan, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 596)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805207#Deaths", "title": "667", "revid": 1340805207, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 671, "year_label": "671 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Yijing, Chinese Buddhist monk, travels by boat from Guangzhou, and visits the capital of the partly Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya in Palembang (Indonesia). He stays for 6 months to study Sanskrit grammar and the Malay language.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805234#Asia", "title": "671", "revid": 1340805234, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 690, "year_label": "690 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 16", "text": "October 16 – Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty, and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire as \"Holy and Divine Emperor\". She becomes the first and only female \"emperor\" in 5,000 years of Chinese history. Wu Zetian changes the dynasty's name to the Zhou Dynasty, and begins to murder throne pretendants and ministers who try to oppose her. During her reign she elevates the status of Buddhism above Taoism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806273#Asia", "title": "690", "revid": 1340806273, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 714, "year_label": "714 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Xuan Zong forbids all commercial vendors and shops in the Chinese capital city of Chang'an to copy and sell Buddhist sutras, so that the emperor can give the clergy of the Buddhist monasteries the sole right to distribute written sutras to the laity.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468088#China", "title": "714", "revid": 1364468088, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 738, "year_label": "738 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Chengguan, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 839)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809691#Births", "title": "738", "revid": 1340809691, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 742, "year_label": "742 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Xuan Zong begins to favor Taoism over Buddhism, adopting the new reign title Tianbao (\"Heavenly Treasures\"), to indicate his divine mandate. The total number of enlisted troops in the Tang armies has risen to about half a million, due to Xuan Zongs's earlier military reforms.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809740#Asia", "title": "742", "revid": 1340809740, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 745, "year_label": "745 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Yaoshan Weiyan, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 827)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906475#Births", "title": "745", "revid": 1364906475, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 746, "year_label": "746 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hui-kuo, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 805)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809747#Births", "title": "746", "revid": 1340809747, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 754, "year_label": "754 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Jianzhen, Chinese Buddhist monk, arrives in Nara, where he is welcomed by former emperor Shōmu and empress Kōmyō. During his visit Jianzhen introduces sugar to the Japanese court, using it to mask the flavors of foul-tasting herbal tea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360259946#Asia", "title": "754", "revid": 1360259946, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 759, "year_label": "759 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Wu Yantong, Chinese Buddhist monk (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340847712#Births", "title": "759", "revid": 1340847712, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 778, "year_label": "778 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Zhaozhou, Chinese Zen Buddhist master (d. 897)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267081416#Births", "title": "778", "revid": 1267081416, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 780, "year_label": "780 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Guifeng Zongmi, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 841)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753540#Births", "title": "780", "revid": 1364753540, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 805, "year_label": "805 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Hui-kuo, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 746)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361734873#Deaths", "title": "805", "revid": 1361734873, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 826, "year_label": "826 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Wu Yantong, Chinese Buddhist monk", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941323#Deaths", "title": "826", "revid": 1340941323, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 827, "year_label": "827 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Yaoshan Weiyan, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 745)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941309#Deaths", "title": "827", "revid": 1340941309, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 830, "year_label": "830 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Yunju Daoying, Chinese Buddhist teacher (d. 902)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359310799#Births", "title": "830", "revid": 1359310799, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 832, "year_label": "832 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Guanxiu, Chinese Buddhist monk and poet (d. 912)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267075509#Births", "title": "832", "revid": 1267075509, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 839, "year_label": "839 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Chengguan, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 738)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267073737#Deaths", "title": "839", "revid": 1267073737, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 841, "year_label": "841 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Yunyan Tansheng, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 780)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360650312#Deaths", "title": "841", "revid": 1360650312, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 841, "year_label": "841 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Guifeng Zongmi, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 780)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360650312#Deaths", "title": "841", "revid": 1360650312, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 845, "year_label": "845 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution: Emperor Wu Zong begins the persecution of Buddhists and other foreign religions in China, such as Zoroastrianism, Nestorian Christianity and Manichaeism. More than 4,600 monasteries, 40,000 temples and numerous shrines are destroyed. More than 260,000 Buddhist monks and nuns are forced to return to secular life.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342044538#Asia", "title": "845", "revid": 1342044538, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 865, "year_label": "865 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Deshan Xuanjian, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129586#Deaths", "title": "865", "revid": 1341129586, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 897, "year_label": "897 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Zhaozhou, Chinese Zen Buddhist master (b. 778)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130275#Deaths", "title": "897", "revid": 1341130275, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 902, "year_label": "902 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Yunju Daoying, Chinese Buddhist teacher (b. 830)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130244#Deaths", "title": "902", "revid": 1341130244, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 912, "year_label": "912 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Guanxiu, Chinese Buddhist monk and poet (b. 832)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468136#Deaths", "title": "912", "revid": 1364468136, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 949, "year_label": "949 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Yunmen Wenyan, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365592042#Deaths", "title": "949", "revid": 1365592042, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 958, "year_label": "958 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Rinchen Zangpo, Tibetan Buddhist monk (d. 1055)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468198#Births", "title": "958", "revid": 1364468198, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 980, "year_label": "980 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Xuedou Chongxian, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 1052)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364109392#Births", "title": "980", "revid": 1364109392, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1032, "year_label": "1032 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Touzi Yiqing, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1083)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342215247#Births", "title": "1032", "revid": 1342215247, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1088, "year_label": "1088 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Zhenxie Qingliao, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1151)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365263990#Births", "title": "1088", "revid": 1365263990, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1089, "year_label": "1089 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Dahui Zonggao, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1163)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270667#Births", "title": "1089", "revid": 1365270667, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1091, "year_label": "1091 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Tiantong Zongjue, Chinese Buddhist monk and patriarch (d. 1162)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267069429#Births", "title": "1091", "revid": 1267069429, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1091, "year_label": "1091 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hongzhi Zhengjue, Chinese Chan Buddhist monk and writer (d. 1157)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267069429#Births", "title": "1091", "revid": 1267069429, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1105, "year_label": "1105 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Xuedou Zhijian, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1192)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268232#Births", "title": "1105", "revid": 1365268232, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1107, "year_label": "1107 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Changlu Zongze, Chinese Chan Buddhist monk", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365266728#Deaths", "title": "1107", "revid": 1365266728, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1125, "year_label": "1125 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "A collection of Zen Buddhist koans is compiled, in the Chinese Blue Cliff Record.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270881#Religion", "title": "1125", "revid": 1365270881, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1162, "year_label": "1162 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Tiantong Zongjue, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 1091)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184511#Deaths", "title": "1162", "revid": 1369184511, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1166, "year_label": "1166 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Wansong Xingxiu, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 1246)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303964516#Births", "title": "1166", "revid": 1303964516, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1352, "year_label": "1352 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "After years of begging and being a Buddhist monk, the penniless Chinese peasant Zhu Yuanzhang joins the Red Turban Rebellions against the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China; he will later become the first emperor of the Ming dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1294629592#Date_unknown", "title": "1352", "revid": 1294629592, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}]}