{"slug": "christmas", "label": "Christmas", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19809", "qid": "Q19809", "description": "holiday originating in Christianity, usually December 25", "entries": 19, "years": 19, "span": [336, 1966], "span_label": ["336 CE", "1966 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 4}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "november", "label": "November", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ravenna", "label": "Ravenna", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "cbs", "label": "CBS", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "francia", "label": "Francia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charlemagne", "label": "Charlemagne", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "western-europe", "label": "Western Europe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-leo-iii", "label": "Pope Leo III", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "irene-of-athens", "label": "Irene of Athens", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "carolingian-empire", "label": "Carolingian Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 336, "year_label": "336 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – The first celebration of Christmas is recorded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267076019#Religion", "title": "336", "revid": 1267076019, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 432, "year_label": "432 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – Christmas is celebrated for the first time in Alexandria (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361576950#Religion", "title": "432", "revid": 1361576950, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 597, "year_label": "597 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – At Christmas, Christianity spreads rapidly in Kent; Augustine and his fellow-labourers baptise more than 10,000 Anglo-Saxons.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364755884#Religion", "title": "597", "revid": 1364755884, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 800, "year_label": "800 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – Charlemagne, king of the Franks, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III as Charles I, with the title \"Emperor of the Romans\". The coronation takes place during Mass at the Basilica of St. Peter in Rome, on Christmas Day. The Frankish Empire is formed in Western Europe, which is not recognized by Empress Irene at Constantinople. This triggers a series of disputes with the Byzantines around who is officially ruling the former Western Roman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367075277#Europe", "title": "800", "revid": 1367075277, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 941, "year_label": "941 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Henry I, duke of Bavaria, plots to assassinate his brother, King Otto I, at the royal palace in Quedlinburg (modern Saxony-Anhalt), but the conspiracy is discovered and Henry is put in captivity in Ingelheim. He is released after doing penance at Christmas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512041#Europe", "title": "941", "revid": 1341512041, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 967, "year_label": "967 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Otto I returns to Rome. On Christmas day, John XIII crowns Otto II as co-emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Although Otto II is nominated as co-ruler, he exercises no real authority.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919490#Europe", "title": "967", "revid": 1364919490, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 980, "year_label": "980 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Otto II celebrates Christmas with his family at Ravenna. He receives the Iron Crown of Lombardy as the King of Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364109392#Europe", "title": "980", "revid": 1364109392, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 987, "year_label": "987 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December", "text": "December – The 15-year-old Robert (the son of Hugh Capet) is crowned co-ruler of France around Christmas at Orléans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468366#Europe", "title": "987", "revid": 1364468366, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1021, "year_label": "1021 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November", "text": "November – Emperor Henry II conducts his fourth Italian military campaign. He crosses the Brenner Pass with a 60,000-strong army, and reaches Verona, where he receives Lombard levies. Henry proceeds to Mantua and then into Ravenna, to spend Christmas there.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212958#Europe", "title": "1021", "revid": 1342212958, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1075, "year_label": "1075 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – Gregory VII is kidnapped in the church during Christmas night in Rome and briefly imprisoned by the Roman nobleman Cencio I Frangipane.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265849#Religion", "title": "1075", "revid": 1365265849, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1121, "year_label": "1121 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 (Christmas Day) – The Praemonstratensian Order (Norbertines) is formed, when a group of canons make solemn vows at Prémontré.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362154597#Religion", "title": "1121", "revid": 1362154597, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1142, "year_label": "1142 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December", "text": "December – Stephen lays siege to Oxford Castle, trapping Matilda and her supporters inside the city. Just before Christmas she manages to escape across the snow and ice of the frozen Thames River – dressed in white (to get past Stephen's pickets), and safely reaches Abingdon. The next day Oxford Castle surrenders to Stephen, Matilda rides with an escort to Wallingford Castle, where she seeks refuge.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362174122#England", "title": "1142", "revid": 1362174122, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1143, "year_label": "1143 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – King Fulk of Jerusalem dies after a hunting accident in Acre. He is succeeded by his 13-year-old son Baldwin III – who is crowned as co-ruler alongside his mother, Queen Melisende on Christmas Day. Due to the political situation the Crusader States of Tripoli, Antioch and Edessa assert their independence. Raymond of Antioch demands the return of Cilicia to his principality and invades the province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337864253#Levant", "title": "1143", "revid": 1337864253, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November", "text": "November – The combined forces of Louis VII and Conrad III meet at Lopardium and march along the coastal road via Pergamon and Smyrna to Ephesus, where they celebrate Christmas. Conrad, still suffering from his wounds, sails back to Constantinople to be placed under the care of Manuel's own physicians. Meanwhile, the Crusader camp is attacked by Turkish raiders near Ephesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Second_Crusade", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Second Crusade"}}, {"year": 1182, "year_label": "1182 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December", "text": "December – Baldwin IV raids through the Hauran and reaches Bosra, while Raymond III of Tripoli recaptures Habis Jaldak. A few days later, Baldwin sets out with a Crusader force to Damascus and encamps at Dareiya in the suburbs. He decides not to attack the city and retires laden with booty, to spend Christmas at Tyre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362172586#Levant", "title": "1182", "revid": 1362172586, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1223, "year_label": "1223 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 – Father Francis of Assisi (Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone), founder of the Order of the Franciscans with in the Roman Catholic Church, begins the tradition of celebrating Christmas with a nativity scene. Having received permission from Pope Honorius III, Francis arranges for a display in a cave near the Italian city of Greccio, with the representation of the events associated with the birth of Jesus Christ as described in the Gospel of Matthew and in the Gospel of Luke, using real people and animals.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336497375#October–December", "title": "1223", "revid": 1336497375, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1951, "year_label": "1951 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – After its clandestine removal from Westminster Abbey on Christmas Day, 1950, the Stone of Scone resurfaces at Arbroath Abbey in Scotland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368856437#April", "title": "1951", "revid": 1368856437, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1965, "year_label": "1965 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 9", "text": "December 9 – A Charlie Brown Christmas, the first Peanuts television special, debuts on CBS in the United States. It becomes a Christmas tradition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368843670#November–December", "title": "1965", "revid": 1368843670, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1966, "year_label": "1966 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – How the Grinch Stole Christmas, narrated by Boris Karloff, is shown for the first time on CBS in the United States. It becomes a Christmas tradition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370246126#December", "title": "1966", "revid": 1370246126, "section": "Events › December"}}]}