{"slug": "church-building", "label": "Church (building)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_%28building%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16970", "qid": "Q16970", "description": "building for Christian worship", "entries": 20, "years": 20, "span": [256, 1327], "span_label": ["256 CE", "1327 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 13}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "netherlands", "label": "Netherlands", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "antioch", "label": "Antioch", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-see", "label": "Holy See", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantine-iconoclasm", "label": "Byzantine Iconoclasm", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hagia-sophia", "label": "Hagia Sophia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "christianity", "label": "Christianity", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "april", "label": "April", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "church-of-the-holy-sepulchre", "label": "Church of the Holy Sepulchre", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 256, "year_label": "256 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Pope Stephen I threatens to excommunicate Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, and other bishops in Africa and Asia Minor, unless they stop rebaptizing heretics. Cyprian attacks the Pope in a treatise that gains support from the Council of Carthage. He sends envoys to Rome, raising the specter of a schism between the Roman and Carthaginian Churches.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188385#Religion", "title": "256", "revid": 1371188385, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 326, "year_label": "326 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Helena tells Constantine that he must atone for executing his son and wife by building churches, and at about this date construction begins on Old St. Peter's Basilica, the first church on the traditional site of Saint Peter's tomb in Rome, and on the basilica of Golgotha on Calvary outside Jerusalem. He also commissions construction of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem (dedicated 339).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366011464#Religion", "title": "326", "revid": 1366011464, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 406, "year_label": "406 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Stained glass is used for the first time in churches in Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305888876#Religion", "title": "406", "revid": 1305888876, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 417, "year_label": "417 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – Innocent I dies after a 16-year reign in which he has restored relations between the sees of Rome and Antioch, enforced celibacy of the clergy, and maintained the right of the bishop of Rome to judge appeals from other churches. Innocent is succeeded by Zosimus as the 41st pope.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367640866#Religion", "title": "417", "revid": 1367640866, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 526, "year_label": "526 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Ecclesius, bishop of Ravenna, commissions two new churches, one for Ravenna and one for its port, Classis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754141#Religion", "title": "526", "revid": 1364754141, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 543, "year_label": "543 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The fortress city of Old Dongola (modern Sudan) along the River Nile becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Makuria. Several churches are built, including the \"Old Church\" (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340799598#Africa", "title": "543", "revid": 1340799598, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 637, "year_label": "637 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April – Siege of Jerusalem: The Rashidun army (20,000 men), led by 'Amr ibn al-'As, conquers Jerusalem after a six-month siege. The Byzantine garrison surrenders to Caliph Umar I, who is invited by Sophronius, patriarch of Jerusalem, to pray in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Umar declines, fearing that accepting the invitation might endanger the church's status, and turn the Christian holy site into a mosque.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315736944#Arabian_Empire", "title": "637", "revid": 1315736944, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 653, "year_label": "653 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "King Rodoald is murdered after a six-month reign, and is succeeded by Aripert I, who is elected as king of the Lombards. He spreads Catholicism over the Lombard realm and builds many new churches through the kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635810#Europe", "title": "653", "revid": 1367635810, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 663, "year_label": "663 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Constans II moves the imperial court from Constantinople to Syracuse. He tries to stop the Arab conquest of Sicily, and restores Rome as seat of the Byzantine Empire. Constans strips sacred altar vessels from churches all over Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635360#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "663", "revid": 1367635360, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 695, "year_label": "695 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 21", "text": "November 21 – Willibrord, Northumbrian missionary, becomes the first bishop of Utrecht (Netherlands). He returns to Frisia to preach, and builds numerous churches (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806239#Religion", "title": "695", "revid": 1340806239, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 720, "year_label": "720 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Ine of Wessex builds a stone church at Glastonbury Abbey in Somerset (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349994139#Britain", "title": "720", "revid": 1349994139, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 767, "year_label": "767 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – Pope Paul I dies at Rome after a 10-year reign, in which he has protested against Constantine V's revival of Iconoclasm at Constantinople. He gives refuge to Greek monks who were expelled from the Byzantine Empire, and moves the relics of many saints from the catacombs to Roman churches. Duke Toto of Nepi has his layman brother elected to succeed Paul, under the name Constantine II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350246348#Religion", "title": "AD 767", "revid": 1350246348, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 768, "year_label": "768 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Lebuinus, Anglo-Saxon missionary, founds the city of Deventer (modern-day Netherlands), and builds a wooden church on the bank of the River IJssel (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267068964#Religion", "title": "768", "revid": 1267068964, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 778, "year_label": "778 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Saxon raiders destroy many churches deep in Frankish territory. The Benedictine monks of Fulda Abbey (modern-day Hesse) hurriedly carry the relics of Saint Boniface over the Rhön Mountains to safety.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267081416#Religion", "title": "778", "revid": 1267081416, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 784, "year_label": "784 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Charlemagne returns to Eresburg and builds a church, probably on the site of the Irminsul (a pagan religious site). Frankish forces based at Eresburg attack rebel Saxon settlements, and take control of the roads. Charlemagne himself takes part in some of these raids.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848263#Europe", "title": "784", "revid": 1340848263, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 828, "year_label": "828 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "At the instigation of Adalram, archbishop of Salzburg, the first Christian church in Central and Eastern Europe is built in Nitra, Pannonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941478#Religion", "title": "828", "revid": 1340941478, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 831, "year_label": "831 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Ansgar, Frankish missionary, founds the first church at Birka (modern Sweden).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941627#Religion", "title": "831", "revid": 1340941627, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 832, "year_label": "832 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The second St. Mark's Basilica in Venice (replacing an older church at a different location) is built, and becomes one of the best known examples of Italo-Byzantine architecture.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267075509#Religion", "title": "832", "revid": 1267075509, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 869, "year_label": "869 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The Hagia Sophia Basilica (church) in Constantinople suffers great damage during an earthquake, which makes the eastern half-dome collapse. Basil I orders it to be repaired.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369351830#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "869", "revid": 1369351830, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1327, "year_label": "1327 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 (Good Friday) – Francesco Petrarca, Italian scholar and poet, sees a woman he names Laura (possibly Laura de Noves) in the church of Sainte-Claire d'Avignon, which awakes in him a lasting passion. He writes a series of sonnets and other poems in Italian dedicated to her, which are collected into Il Canzoniere, an influential model for Renaissance culture.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367267747#April_–_June", "title": "1327", "revid": 1367267747, "section": "Events › April – June"}}]}