{"slug": "cimmerians", "label": "Cimmerians", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimmerians", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192730", "qid": "Q192730", "description": "ancient Eastern Iranian equestrian nomadic people originating in the Caspian steppe, part of whom subsequently migrated into West Asia", "entries": 10, "years": 7, "span": [-1199, 242], "span_label": ["1200 BCE", "242 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}], "related": [{"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "gyges-of-lydia", "label": "Gyges of Lydia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "phrygia", "label": "Phrygia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "assyria", "label": "Assyria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "medes", "label": "Medes", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "persian-people", "label": "Persian people", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ecbatana", "label": "Ecbatana", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "asia-minor", "label": "Asia Minor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sardis", "label": "Sardis", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "goths", "label": "Goths", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -1199, "year_label": "1200 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "c. 1200 BC: The Cimmerians are conjectured to have started settling the steppes of southern Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350963473#Events_and_trends", "title": "1200s BC (decade)", "revid": 1350963473, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -749, "year_label": "750 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "750 BC—King Sardur II shows the cities in the kingdom of Urartu strengthen against the Cimmerians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368385928#Events_and_trends", "title": "750s BC", "revid": 1368385928, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -695, "year_label": "696 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "696 BC—Cimmerian forces begin a conquest of Phrygia (modern Turkey), having failed in their efforts to defeat the Assyrians and moved into Anatolia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292140577#Events_and_trends", "title": "690s BC", "revid": 1292140577, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -678, "year_label": "679 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Cimmerians attacked Lydia for the third time, led by their king Lygdamis. The Lydians were defeated, Sardis was sacked, and Gyges was killed, following which he was succeeded by his son, Ardys, who was the father of Sadyattes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370523084#679_BC", "title": "670s BC", "revid": 1370523084, "section": "Events and trends › 679 BC"}}, {"year": -678, "year_label": "679 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Assyrian king Esarhaddon (r. 681–669 BCE), the son of Sennacherib, defeated the Cimmerians and killed their king Teušpa at Ḫubišna. Esarhaddon appears to have reached Ḫubišna by passing through the Göksu River valley and bypassing the Anti-Taurus Mountains and Tabal proper.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370523084#679_BC", "title": "670s BC", "revid": 1370523084, "section": "Events and trends › 679 BC"}}, {"year": -678, "year_label": "679 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Cimmerians migrate to the east and west of Mannaea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370523084#679_BC", "title": "670s BC", "revid": 1370523084, "section": "Events and trends › 679 BC"}}, {"year": -678, "year_label": "679 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Teušpâ, king of the Cimmerians", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370523084#679_BC", "title": "670s BC", "revid": 1370523084, "section": "Deaths › 679 BC"}}, {"year": -674, "year_label": "675 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Deioces dies after a 53-year reign that has established the kingdom of the Medes and its capital at Ecbatana (later Hamedan) in what will be northwest Persia. He is succeeded by his son Phraortes, who forms an anti-Assyrian alliance with the Cimmerians to subjugate the Persians and other Asian peoples.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510298#Middle_East", "title": "675 BC", "revid": 1370510298, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}, {"year": -643, "year_label": "644 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Cimmerian forces from Anatolia conquer Sardis and reach the peak of their power. King Gyges of Lydia has spent most of his 28-year reign fighting his southern and western neighbors in an effort to gain suzerainty over all of Western Asia Minor. He has helped the rebellion of Psamtik I, but he receives no support from his erstwhile Assyrian ally Ashurbanipal. Gyges falls in a battle against the Cimmerians under king Tugdamme (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510229#Asia_Minor", "title": "644 BC", "revid": 1370510229, "section": "Events › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": 242, "year_label": "242 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gordian III evacuates the Cimmerian cities in the Bosphorus (Crimea), as the territory is now controlled by the Goths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371192139#Roman_Empire", "title": "242", "revid": 1371192139, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}]}