{"slug": "classical-athens", "label": "Classical Athens", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Athens", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844930", "qid": "Q844930", "description": "city-state in ancient Greece", "entries": 14, "years": 12, "span": [-559, -192], "span_label": ["560 BCE", "193 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Ancient Athens", "Athenians", "Athens (polis)"], "related": [{"slug": "macedonia-ancient-kingdom", "label": "Macedonia (ancient kingdom)", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "antigonus-ii-gonatas", "label": "Antigonus II Gonatas", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "sparta", "label": "Sparta", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "ancient-greece", "label": "Ancient Greece", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ancient-egypt", "label": "Ancient Egypt", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ptolemy-ii-philadelphus", "label": "Ptolemy II Philadelphus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "achaemenid-empire", "label": "Achaemenid Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "piraeus", "label": "Piraeus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "themistocles", "label": "Themistocles", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ptolemy-i-soter", "label": "Ptolemy I Soter", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -559, "year_label": "560 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Peisistratus seizes the Acropolis in Athens, becoming the city's tyrant for the first time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321464048#Events", "title": "560 BC", "revid": 1321464048, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -479, "year_label": "480 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – The Battle of Salamis brings victory to the Greeks, whose Athenian general Themistocles lures the Persians into the Bay of Salamis, between the Athenian port-city of Piraeus and the island of Salamis. The Greek triremes then attack furiously, ramming or sinking many Persian vessels and boarding others. The Greeks sink about 200 Persian vessels while losing only about 40 of their own. The rest of the Persian fleet is scattered, and as a result Xerxes has to postpone his planned land offensives for a year, a delay that gives the Greek city-states time to unite against him. Aeschylus fights on the winning side.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342344662#Greece", "title": "480 BC", "revid": 1342344662, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -461, "year_label": "462 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Spartans try to conquer the mountain stronghold of Mt Ithome in Messenia, where a large force of rebellious helots have taken refuge. They ask their allies from the Persian Wars, including the Athenians, to help.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267837683#Greece", "title": "462 BC", "revid": 1267837683, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -321, "year_label": "322 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring/summer – The Macedonian admiral Cleitus the White defeats the Athenian navy at the Battle of the Echinades and the Battle of Amorgos, ending Athenian thalassocracy in the Aegean.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1316405653#Greece", "title": "322 BC", "revid": 1316405653, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -287, "year_label": "288 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Athens revolts and Demetrius besieges the city. Pyrrhus takes Thessaly and the western half of Macedonia and, with the assistance of Ptolemy's fleet, relieves Athens from Demetrius' siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373136664#Greece", "title": "288 BC", "revid": 1373136664, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -285, "year_label": "286 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "As Demetrius Poliorcetes and his army are chased across Asia Minor to the Taurus Mountains by the armies of Lysimachus and Seleucus, in Greece his son Antigonus meets with success. Ptolemy's fleet is driven off and Athens surrenders to Antigonus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1156902149#Greece", "title": "286 BC", "revid": 1156902149, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -267, "year_label": "268 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Chremonides, an Athenian statesman and general, issues the Decree of Chremonides, creating an alliance between Sparta, Athens, and Ptolemy II of Egypt. The origins of this alliance lay in the continuing desire of many Greek states, notably Athens and Sparta, for a restoration of their former independence, along with the desire of Ptolemy II to create troubles for his rival Antigonus II, King of Macedonia. Ptolemy II's ambitions in the Aegean Sea are threatened by Antigonus Gonatas' fleet, so he carefully builds up a coalition of the rest of the Greeks against Macedonians. He especially cultivates Athens by supplying the city with grain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369785417#Greece", "title": "268 BC", "revid": 1369785417, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -266, "year_label": "267 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Macedonia's King Antigonus II Gonatas has to deal with a rebellion by an Athenian-led coalition of Spartans (led by King Areus I of Sparta), Athenians (led by Chremonides), Arcadians and Achaeans that tries to expel the Macedonian forces located in southern Greece. The rebellion has the support of Ptolemy II of Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370481835#Greece", "title": "267 BC", "revid": 1370481835, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -262, "year_label": "263 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Athenians and Spartans, worn down by several years of war and the devastation of their lands, make peace with Antigonus II of Macedonia who thus retains his hold on southern Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948852#Greece", "title": "263 BC", "revid": 1325948852, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -262, "year_label": "263 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Cleanthes succeeds Zeno of Citium in his Stoic School in Athens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948852#Greece", "title": "263 BC", "revid": 1325948852, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -261, "year_label": "262 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "After Athens surrenders in the Chremonidean War following a long siege by Macedonian forces, Antigonus II Gonatas re-garrisons Athens and forbids the city from making war. Otherwise, he leaves Athens alone as the seat of philosophy and learning in Greece.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948866#Greece", "title": "262 BC", "revid": 1325948866, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -261, "year_label": "262 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Philemon, Athenian poet and playwright of the New Comedy (b. c. 362 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948866#Deaths", "title": "262 BC", "revid": 1325948866, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -199, "year_label": "200 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Acarnanians, with Macedonian support, invade Attica, causing Athens, which has previously maintained its neutrality, to seek help from the enemies of Philip. Attalus I of Pergamum, who is with his fleet at Aegina, receives an embassy from Athens asking him to come to the city for consultations. After he is told that Roman ambassadors are also in Athens, Attalus goes there in haste.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360771623#Greece", "title": "200 BC", "revid": 1360771623, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -192, "year_label": "193 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Carneades of Cyrene moves to Athens to found the third or new Academy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1213018923#Greece", "title": "193 BC", "revid": 1213018923, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}]}