{"slug": "colombia", "label": "Colombia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739", "qid": "Q739", "description": "country in South America", "entries": 55, "years": 42, "span": [-499, 2022], "span_label": ["500 BCE", "2022 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 13}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 10}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 6}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 5}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 5}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 5}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "venezuela", "label": "Venezuela", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "bogota", "label": "Bogotá", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "south-america", "label": "South America", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ecuador", "label": "Ecuador", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "spanish-empire", "label": "Spanish Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mexico", "label": "Mexico", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "peru", "label": "Peru", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "panama", "label": "Panama", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "viceroyalty-of-peru", "label": "Viceroyalty of Peru", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "haiti", "label": "Haiti", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -499, "year_label": "500 BCE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The world population reaches 100,000,000—85,000,000 in the Eastern Hemisphere and 15,000,000 in the Western Hemisphere, primarily Mesoamerica and northern South America (Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363151372#Demographics", "title": "500 BC", "revid": 1363151372, "section": "Events › By topic › Demographics"}}, {"year": 1490, "year_label": "1490 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Chocontá: The northern (zaque) tribes of the pre-Columbian Muisca Confederation (central Colombia) are beaten by the southern (zipa) tribes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365746432#Date_unknown", "title": "1490", "revid": 1365746432, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1511, "year_label": "1511 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The first black slaves arrive in Colombia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367291242#Date_unknown", "title": "1511", "revid": 1367291242, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1525, "year_label": "1525 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 29", "text": "July 29 – Santa Marta, the first city in Colombia, is founded by Spanish conquistador Rodrigo de Bastidas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368819017#July–September", "title": "1525", "revid": 1368819017, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1526, "year_label": "1526 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Louis Bertrand, Spanish missionary to Latin America, patron saint of Colombia (d. 1581)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369353275#Births", "title": "1526", "revid": 1369353275, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1537, "year_label": "1537 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Spanish counquistadors in what are now Peru and Colombia become the first Europeans to discover the potato, one of the staple foods for the indigenous residents, while exploring the houses of who have fled from their homes. Pedro Cieza de León, part of the expedition to Colombia, mentions the potato in a book that he publishes 16 years later while Don Juan Castellanos refers to the edible plant as part of a military report on raiding an Inca village in Peru. The potato is introduced to Europe more than 30 years later, in 1570.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362632656#Date_unknown", "title": "1537", "revid": 1362632656, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1537, "year_label": "1537 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 20", "text": "April 20 – Spanish conquest of the Muisca: Bacatá, the main settlement of the Muisca Confederation, is conquered by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, effectively ending the Confederation in the Colombian Eastern Andes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362632656#April–June", "title": "1537", "revid": 1362632656, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1537, "year_label": "1537 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 8", "text": "March 8 – Chipatá, now in the Santander Department of the Republic of Colombia, is founded by the Spanish conquistadors Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada and his brother Hernán Pérez de Quesada as the first settlement in what will become the Spanish colony of Nueva Granada, which will later be divided into the nations of Colombia and Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362632656#January–March", "title": "1537", "revid": 1362632656, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1538, "year_label": "1538 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 6", "text": "August 6 – Bogotá, Colombia is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561127#July–September", "title": "1538", "revid": 1369561127, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 15", "text": "December 15 – In the Spanish colony of Nueva Granada (now the Republic of Colombia, Spanish conquistador Baltasar Maldonado and his troops fight a final battle at Duitama (now the Boyacá Department) against the indigenous armies of the Muisca Confederation, led by Tundama.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#October–December", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1550, "year_label": "1550 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – Spanish Captain Hernando de Santana founds the city of Valledupar, in modern-day Colombia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369571608#January–March", "title": "1550", "revid": 1369571608, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1581, "year_label": "1581 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 9", "text": "October 9 – Saint Louis Bertrand, Spanish missionary to Latin America, patron saint of Colombia (b. 1526)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478489#Deaths", "title": "1581", "revid": 1362478489, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1641, "year_label": "1641 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – Providence Island in the Caribbean, settled by English Puritans and a haven for English pirates off the coast of modern-day Colombia, is captured in a joint operation of the Spanish Navy in an attack led by Don Francisco Díaz Pimienta, and the Portuguese Navy led by the Count of Castel-Melhor Sousa. The expedition takes 770 prisoners, 380 slaves and a fortune in plundered gold and silver.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343658448#April–June", "title": "1641", "revid": 1343658448, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1697, "year_label": "1697 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 6", "text": "May 6 – General Bernard Desjean, Baron de Pointis of France carries out an attack and pillaging of the Spanish South American fort of Cartagena de Indias (now in Colombia) with 1,200 soldiers and 650 pirate mercenaries. The French attackers overwhelm the city for the next 18 days. The Baron reneges on a contract to share the wealth with the pirates, who will come back to Cartagena a second time and makes a more violent attack.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355431044#April–June", "title": "1697", "revid": 1355431044, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 – Spain creates the Viceroyalty of New Granada in South America from the northern section of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The viceroyalty, with a capital at Bogotá, later declares independence and splits up into what become the nations of Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366802832#April–June", "title": "1717", "revid": 1366802832, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1754, "year_label": "1754 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Marian apparition at Las Lajas in Colombia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360193273#Date_unknown", "title": "1754", "revid": 1360193273, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1810, "year_label": "1810 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 6", "text": "August 6 – The city of Santa Cruz de Mompox, in modern-day Colombia, declares independence from the Spanish Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357106545#July–September", "title": "1810", "revid": 1357106545, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1810, "year_label": "1810 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – First Republic of New Granada: Patria Boba: A junta of seven patriots, led by José Acevedo y Gómez, assemble in Bogotá in the Viceroyalty of New Granada (modern-day Colombia), to declare its independence from the Spanish Empire, the first South American nation to break away from Spain as the third oldest independent republic state after Haiti.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357106545#July–September", "title": "1810", "revid": 1357106545, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1819, "year_label": "1819 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – Battle of Boyacá: Simón Bolívar is victorious over the Royalist Army in Colombia. Colombia acquires its definitive independence from Spanish rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355822452#July–September", "title": "1819", "revid": 1355822452, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1859, "year_label": "1859 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "August 28", "text": "August 28–September 2 – The solar storm of 1859, the largest geomagnetic solar storm on record, causes the Northern lights to be visible as far south as Montería, Colombia and knocks out telegraph communication (this is also called the Carrington event).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371179353#July–September", "title": "1859", "revid": 1371179353, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – In New Granada (modern-day Colombia) the southern state of Cauca secedes from the central government, in protest at the suggestion of increase of presidential powers; Magdalena and Bolívar join it; civil war erupts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#May", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 25", "text": "October 25 – In the Granadine Confederation (modern-day Colombia), rebel troops of the southern states defeat government forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#October", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1903, "year_label": "1903 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 3", "text": "November 3 – Separation of Panama from Colombia: With the encouragement of the United States, Panama proclaims itself independent of Colombia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373319317#November", "title": "1903", "revid": 1373319317, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1909, "year_label": "1909 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – Colombia recognizes the independence of Panama.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373420847#January–February", "title": "1909", "revid": 1373420847, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1916, "year_label": "1916 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 30", "text": "December 30 – Humberto Gómez and his mercenaries seize Arauca in Colombia and declare the Republic of Arauca. He proceeds to pillage the region before fleeing to Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519106#December", "title": "1916", "revid": 1373519106, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1935, "year_label": "1935 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – Ten people, including musician Carlos Gardel, are killed in a collision between two Ford Trimotor airplanes at Olaya Herrera Airport in Medellín, Colombia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370722923#June", "title": "1935", "revid": 1370722923, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "December 12", "text": "December 12 – A landslide in western Colombia leaves 200 dead.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370420699#December", "title": "1970", "revid": 1370420699, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1972, "year_label": "1972 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Colombian looters find the lost 1st millennium city of Ciudad Perdida; it is not reached by official archaeologists until 1976.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371514417#Date_unknown", "title": "1972", "revid": 1371514417, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1973, "year_label": "1973 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 23", "text": "July 23 – The Avianca Building in Bogotá, Colombia, suffers a serious fire, in which four people are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373239256#July", "title": "1973", "revid": 1373239256, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "December 12", "text": "December 12 – The 8.2 Tumaco earthquake shakes Colombia and Ecuador with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing 300–600, and generating a large tsunami.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#December", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1980, "year_label": "1980 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – The Dominican embassy siege in Colombia ends with all remaining hostages released after the guerrillas are allowed to escape to Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363797378#April", "title": "1980", "revid": 1363797378, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1980, "year_label": "1980 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – M-19 guerrillas begin the Dominican embassy siege in Colombia, holding 60 people hostage, including 14 ambassadors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363797378#February", "title": "1980", "revid": 1363797378, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1983, "year_label": "1983 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – Colombian Avianca Flight 011 crashes near Barajas Airport in Madrid, Spain, killing 181 of the 192 on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366392977#November", "title": "1983", "revid": 1366392977, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1985, "year_label": "1985 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – Armero tragedy: The Nevado del Ruiz volcano erupts, killing an estimated 23,000 people, including 21,000 killed by lahars, in the town of Armero, Colombia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369963057#November", "title": "1985", "revid": 1369963057, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – A Colombian Boeing 727 jetliner, Avianca Flight 410, crashes into the side of the mountains near the Venezuelan border, killing 143 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373532411#March", "title": "1988", "revid": 1373532411, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 19", "text": "August 19–21 – In response to the murder of a judge, a provincial police chief, and presidential candidate Galán, the authorities of Colombia arrest 11,000 suspected Colombian drug traffickers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#August", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 29", "text": "May 29 – An attempted assassination of Miguel Maza Marquez, director of the Departamento Administrativo de Seguridad (DAS) in Bogotá, Colombia is committed by members of the Medellín Cartel, who kill four and injure 37.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#May", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – Colombian domestic passenger flight Avianca Flight 203 is bombed by the Medellín drug cartel in an (unsuccessful) attempt to kill presidential candidate for the 1990 elections César Gaviria Trujillo. All 107 people on board as well as three people on the ground are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#November", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – A solar eclipse of record totality occurs in the Northern hemisphere and is witnessed by hundreds of millions of people in Hawaii, Mexico, Colombia and Brazil.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#July", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – A jury in Miami, Florida, convicts former Panamanian ruler Manuel Noriega of assisting Colombia's cocaine cartel.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#April", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 22", "text": "July 22 – Near Medellín, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison, fearing extradition to the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#July", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1992, "year_label": "1992 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 28", "text": "September 28 – Law enforcement officials in the United States, Colombia and Italy announce that they have arrested more than 165 people on money laundering charges related to cocaine trafficking.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368521010#September", "title": "1992", "revid": 1368521010, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "December 2", "text": "December 2 – Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar is gunned down by police.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#December", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1996, "year_label": "1996 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia attack a military base in Guaviare, Colombia, starting three weeks of guerrilla warfare that will claim the lives of at least 130 Colombians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371596794#September", "title": "1996", "revid": 1371596794, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 25", "text": "January 25 – The 6.2 Colombia earthquake strikes western Colombia, killing at least 1,900 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#January", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – The government of Colombia announces it will include the estimated value of the country's illegal drug crops, exceeding half a billion US dollars, in its gross national product.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#June", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1999, "year_label": "1999 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 25", "text": "October 25 – Telenovela Yo soy Betty, la fea debuts on RCN Televisión in Colombia. It will give rise to Ugly Betty and at least a dozen other versions worldwide.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369767946#October", "title": "1999", "revid": 1369767946, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 4", "text": "February 4 – Civic mobilizations in Colombia against FARC, under the name One million voices against FARC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372634791#February", "title": "2008", "revid": 1372634791, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 – Íngrid Betancourt and 14 other hostages are rescued from FARC rebels by Colombian security forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372634791#July", "title": "2008", "revid": 1372634791, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – AIRES Flight 8250, a Boeing 737–700, crashed on landing at San Andrés, Colombia, killing two.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#August", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – Venezuelan presidential crisis: President Maduro severs diplomatic ties with Colombia amid attempts to send humanitarian aid to the country across the border.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#February", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 28", "text": "April 28 – Colombia formalizes its membership with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), becoming the 37th nation of the organization.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#April", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – Militants in the Philippines, Syria, Yemen, and Libya agree to U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres' call for a ceasefire; some accept medical aid for themselves and civilians in their communities. Colombia and Venezuela discuss a common response to the global pandemic, and the UAE airlifts aid to Iran.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#March", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – The La Línea highway tunnel, the longest road tunnel in South America at a length of 8.65 kilometres (5.37 mi), is opened in Colombia after 14 years of construction and several delays.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#September", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 19", "text": "November 19–November 26 – The 2022 Central American and Caribbean Beach Games are held in Santa Marta, Colombia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#November", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › November"}}]}