{"slug": "commonwealth-of-nations", "label": "Commonwealth of Nations", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7785", "qid": "Q7785", "description": "political association of mostly former British Empire territories", "entries": 12, "years": 9, "span": [1921, 2016], "span_label": ["1921 CE", "2016 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 7}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 3}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "royal-navy", "label": "Royal Navy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "yangtze", "label": "Yangtze", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mao-zedong", "label": "Mao Zedong", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sri-lanka", "label": "Sri Lanka", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "maldives", "label": "Maldives", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "apartheid", "label": "Apartheid", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tanzania", "label": "Tanzania", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "rhodesia", "label": "Rhodesia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1921, "year_label": "1921 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – Marie Stopes opens the first birth control clinic in the British Empire in London, UK.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371086035#March", "title": "1921", "revid": 1371086035, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1926, "year_label": "1926 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 15", "text": "November 15 – The Balfour Declaration is approved by the 1926 Imperial Conference, making the Commonwealth dominions equal and independent.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373503199#November", "title": "1926", "revid": 1373503199, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1948, "year_label": "1948 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 4", "text": "February 4 – Ceylon (later known as Sri Lanka) becomes an independent country, within the British Commonwealth adopting King George VI as the King of Ceylon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371784888#February", "title": "1948", "revid": 1371784888, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 20", "text": "April 20 – Royal Navy frigate HMS Amethyst goes up the Yangtze River, to evacuate British Commonwealth refugees escaping the advance of Mao's Communist forces. Under heavy fire, she grounds off Rose Island. After an abortive rescue attempt on April 26, she anchors 10 mi km upstream. Negotiations with the Communists to let the ship leave drag on for weeks, during which time the ship's cat Simon raises the crew's morale.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#April", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 28", "text": "April 28 – The 1949 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference issues the London Declaration, enabling India (and, thereafter, any other nation) to remain in the Commonwealth despite becoming a republic, creating the position of 'Head of the Commonwealth' (held by the ruling British monarch), and renaming the organization, from the 'British Commonwealth' to the 'Commonwealth of Nations'.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#April", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "June 29", "text": "June 29 – Apartheid: The South African Citizenship Act suspends the granting of citizenship to Commonwealth of Nations immigrants after 5 years, and imposes a ban on mixed marriages.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#June", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "April 18", "text": "April 18 – The Commonwealth Immigrants Act in the United Kingdom removes free immigration from the citizens of member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, requiring proof of employment in the U.K. This comes into effect on 1 July.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#April", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 9", "text": "December 9 – Tanganyika (modern-day Tanzania) becomes a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations, with Julius Nyerere as president.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#December", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1965, "year_label": "1965 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – Prime minister Ian Smith of Rhodesia and Arthur Bottomley of the Commonwealth of Nations begin negotiations in London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368843670#September–October", "title": "1965", "revid": 1368843670, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1973, "year_label": "1973 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 10", "text": "July 10 – The Bahamas gains full independence within the Commonwealth of Nations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373239256#July", "title": "1973", "revid": 1373239256, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 21", "text": "October 21 – The Commonwealth Heads of Government issue the Langkawi Declaration on the Environment, making environmental sustainability one of the Commonwealth of Nations's main priorities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#October", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2016, "year_label": "2016 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 13", "text": "October 13 – The Maldives announces its decision to withdraw from the Commonwealth of Nations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373421880#October", "title": "2016", "revid": 1373421880, "section": "Events › October"}}]}