{"slug": "confederate-states-of-america", "label": "Confederate States of America", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81931", "qid": "Q81931", "description": "former country in North America formed by the Southern United States during the American Civil War (1861-1865)", "entries": 28, "years": 12, "span": [1826, 2000], "span_label": ["1826 CE", "2000 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 13}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 9}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "american-civil-war", "label": "American Civil War", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "abraham-lincoln", "label": "Abraham Lincoln", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "ulysses-s-grant", "label": "Ulysses S. Grant", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kentucky", "label": "Kentucky", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "united-states", "label": "United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "president-of-the-united-states", "label": "President of the United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "queen-victoria", "label": "Queen Victoria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "north-carolina", "label": "North Carolina", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "liverpool", "label": "Liverpool", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "georgia-u-s-state", "label": "Georgia (U.S. state)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "savannah-georgia", "label": "Savannah, Georgia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1826, "year_label": "1826 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 7", "text": "May 7 – Varina Davis, First Lady of the Confederate States of America (d. 1906)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373386632#January–June", "title": "1826", "revid": 1373386632, "section": "Births › January–June"}}, {"year": 1838, "year_label": "1838 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Confederate brigadier general, Texas governor and president of Texas A&M University (d. 1898)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360381946#July–September", "title": "1838", "revid": 1360381946, "section": "Births › July–September"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 10", "text": "December 10 – American Civil War: A rebel government representing Kentucky is accepted into the Confederate States of America, although Kentucky officially remains part of the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#December", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21 – First Battle of Bull Run – At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war ends in a Confederate victory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#July", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 11", "text": "March 11 – American Civil War: The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is adopted.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#March", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 21", "text": "March 21 – Alexander Stephens, Vice President of the Confederacy, gives the infamous Cornerstone Speech in Savannah, Georgia, in which he declares that slavery is the natural condition of blacks, and the foundation of the Confederacy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#March", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – American Civil War: The \"Stars and Bars\" is adopted as the flag of the Confederate States of America.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#March", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May", "text": "Kentucky proclaims its neutrality, which lasts until September 3, when Confederate forces enter the state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#May", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 13", "text": "May 13 – American Civil War: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a \"proclamation of neutrality\", which recognizes the breakaway states as having belligerent rights.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#May", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 21", "text": "November 21 – Confederate President Jefferson Davis appoints Judah P. Benjamin Secretary of War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#November", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 7", "text": "November 7 – Battle of Belmont – In Belmont, Missouri, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant (in his first combat leadership role) overrun a Confederate camp, but are forced to retreat when Confederate reinforcements arrive.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#November", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 8", "text": "November 8 – Trent Affair – The stops the United Kingdom mail ship Trent, and arrests two Confederate envoys, James Mason and John Slidell, sparking a diplomatic crisis between the U.K. and U.S.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#November", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 21", "text": "October 21 – American Civil War: Battle of Ball's Bluff – Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops, in the second major battle of the war. Baker, a close friend of Abraham Lincoln, is also killed in the fighting.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#October", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1861, "year_label": "1861 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 3", "text": "September 3 – Confederate General Leonidas Polk invades neutral Kentucky, prompting the state legislature to ask for Union assistance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368946725#September", "title": "1861", "revid": 1368946725, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 14", "text": "November 14 – President Abraham Lincoln approves the plan by General Ambrose Burnside to capture the Confederate capital city of Richmond, Virginia. This plan leads to a disastrous Union defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#November", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1863, "year_label": "1863 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August", "text": "The American clipper ship Anglo Saxon (westbound) is captured and burned by Confederate privateer Florida off the south coast of Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363782030#August", "title": "1863", "revid": 1363782030, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1863, "year_label": "1863 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate States of America an official war goal. The signing proclaims the freedom of 3.1 million of the nation's four million slaves and immediately frees 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as the Union Army advances. This event marks the start of America's Reconstruction Era.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363782030#January", "title": "1863", "revid": 1363782030, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1864, "year_label": "1864 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 18", "text": "August 18 – American Civil War: Battle of Globe Tavern – Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant try to cut a vital Confederate supply-line into Petersburg, Virginia, by attacking the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad, forcing the Confederates to use wagons.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369213895#August", "title": "1864", "revid": 1369213895, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1864, "year_label": "1864 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 17", "text": "February 17 – The tiny Confederate hand-propelled submarine H. L. Hunley sinks the , using a spar torpedo in Charleston Harbor, becoming the first submarine to sink an enemy ship, although the submarine and her crew of eight are also lost.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369213895#February", "title": "1864", "revid": 1369213895, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1864, "year_label": "1864 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "& May 15 – Battle of New Market – Cadets from the Virginia Military Institute fight alongside the Confederate Army, forcing Union General Franz Sigel out of the Shenandoah Valley.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369213895#May", "title": "1864", "revid": 1369213895, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – Assassination of Abraham Lincoln: President of the United States Abraham Lincoln is shot while attending an evening performance of the farce Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., by actor and Confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361545898#April", "title": "1865", "revid": 1361545898, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 13", "text": "January 13 – American Civil War: Second Battle of Fort Fisher – Union forces launch a major amphibious assault against the last seaport held by the Confederates, Fort Fisher, North Carolina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361545898#January", "title": "1865", "revid": 1361545898, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 6", "text": "November 6 – American Civil War: The CSS Shenandoah, last remnant of the Confederate States of America and its military, surrenders in Liverpool after fleeing westward from the Pacific.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361545898#November", "title": "1865", "revid": 1361545898, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1870, "year_label": "1870 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 15", "text": "July 15 – Reconstruction Era: Georgia becomes the last former Confederate state of America to be readmitted to the Union.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362496807#July", "title": "1870", "revid": 1362496807, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1872, "year_label": "1872 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 22", "text": "May 22 – Reconstruction: U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signs the Amnesty Act of 1872 into law, restoring full civil rights to all but about 500 Confederate sympathizers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371307490#May", "title": "1872", "revid": 1371307490, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1906, "year_label": "1906 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 16", "text": "October 16 – Varina Davis, First Lady of the Confederate States of America (b. 1826)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373343237#July–December", "title": "1906", "revid": 1373343237, "section": "Deaths › July–December"}}, {"year": 1938, "year_label": "1938 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 3", "text": "July 3 – The last reunion of the Blue and Gray commemorates the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg, in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818751#July", "title": "1938", "revid": 1368818751, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2000, "year_label": "2000 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – The US Confederate submarine H. L. Hunley is raised to the surface after 136 years on the ocean floor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371541477#August", "title": "2000", "revid": 1371541477, "section": "Events › August"}}]}