{"slug": "conrad-of-montferrat", "label": "Conrad of Montferrat", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_of_Montferrat", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169329", "qid": "Q169329", "description": "12th century Italian nobleman and major participant in the Third Crusade", "entries": 9, "years": 6, "span": [1187, 1192], "span_label": ["1187 CE", "1192 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "guy-of-lusignan", "label": "Guy of Lusignan", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "tyre-lebanon", "label": "Tyre, Lebanon", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "acre-israel", "label": "Acre, Israel", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edirne", "label": "Edirne", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "isaac-ii-angelos", "label": "Isaac II Angelos", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-jerusalem", "label": "Kingdom of Jerusalem", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-land", "label": "Holy Land", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "leo-i-king-of-armenia", "label": "Leo I, King of Armenia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bohemond-iii-of-antioch", "label": "Bohemond III of Antioch", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "human-cannibalism", "label": "Human cannibalism", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ayyubid-dynasty", "label": "Ayyubid dynasty", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1187, "year_label": "1187 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor Isaac II (Angelos) sends a Byzantine expeditionary force under Alexios Branas to suppress the Vlach-Bulgarian Rebellion – but Alexios revolts against Isaac and is proclaimed emperor in Andrianople. He musters troops and advances on Constantinople in an attempt to seize it. However, Alexios is unable to bypass the city defenses and is defeated by the imperial forces led by Conrad of Montferrat, the emperor's brother-in-law. On the battlefield, Alexios is beheaded by Conrad's supporting footsoldiers and the rebel army flees the field.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187098#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1187", "revid": 1369187098, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1187, "year_label": "1187 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 14", "text": "July 14 – Conrad of Montferrat, an Italian nobleman, arrives in Tyre which ends the surrender negotiations with Saladin. He finds the remnants of the Crusader army (after the battle of Hattin) and makes the Tyrians swear loyalty to him. Reginald of Sidon and several other nobles give their support, Reginald goes to refortify his own castle of Beaufort on the Litani River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187098#Egypt", "title": "1187", "revid": 1369187098, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": 1188, "year_label": "1188 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – King Guy of Lusignan is released by Saladin after Ascalon is forced to surrender. Guy and his wife, Queen Sibylla of Jerusalem, seek refuge in Tyre, which is defended by Conrad of Montferrat.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325547787#Levant", "title": "1188", "revid": 1325547787, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1189, "year_label": "1189 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 28", "text": "August 28 – Siege of Acre: King Guy of Lusignan moves from Tyre, where Conrad of Montferrat refuses to hand over the city. Guy and his crusader army (some 7,000 men, including 400 knights) besiege Acre. He makes camp outside, to wait for more reinforcements.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362168718#Levant", "title": "1189", "revid": 1362168718, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1190, "year_label": "1190 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – Conrad of Montferrat sails south with a Crusader fleet (some 50 ships) from Tyre. As Conrad's fleet approaches the harbour of Acre, an equally sized Muslim fleet sorties out to meet the Crusaders in open battle. Eventually, the Ayyubid fleet is blockaded (supported by Danish and Pisan ships) in the port. Acre is again cut off from reinforcements; the city's supplies are exhausted, and the Muslim garrison has to resort to eating their own beasts. In the event, troops are driven to cannibalism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650742#Third_Crusade", "title": "1190", "revid": 1368650742, "section": "Events › By place › Third Crusade"}}, {"year": 1191, "year_label": "1191 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 20", "text": "April 20 – King Philip II (Augustus) arrives with a Genoese flotilla (six ships) filled with French nobles and his cousin Conrad of Montferrat at Acre. He begins the construction of seven immense stone-throwers – which are used to bombard the city, on May 30. One of the siege-machines is called by the French soldiers the \"Evil Neighbour\" and \"God's Own Sling\", and a grappling ladder is known as the \"Cat\". Meanwhile, the walls of Acre are pounded relentlessly. The Crusaders built earthworks, ramparts, and ditches to protect themselves against Muslim attacks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170549#Third_Crusade", "title": "1191", "revid": 1362170549, "section": "Events › By place › Third Crusade"}}, {"year": 1191, "year_label": "1191 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – Richard I and his main fleet arrive in the Byzantine port of Limassol on Cyprus. He orders Isaac Komnenos to release the prisoners and his treasure. Isaac refuses, Richard embarks his forces, and takes Limassol. The Byzantine population and also the Latin merchants in their dislike of Isaac, show themselves friendly to the English invaders. Various leading Crusaders of the Holy Land arrive in Limassol, on May 11. Among them are King Guy of Lusignan of Jerusalem, Bohemond III of Antioch, Humphrey IV of Toron, and Leo I of Armenia. They declare their support for Richard in return that he supports them against their rival, Conrad of Montferrat.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170549#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1191", "revid": 1362170549, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1192, "year_label": "1192 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 28", "text": "April 28 – Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I), King of Jerusalem, is assassinated in Tyre, only days after his title to the throne is confirmed by election. The killing is carried out by Hashshashin, later the basis of folk etymology for the English word \"assassin.\"", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341214506#Events", "title": "1192", "revid": 1341214506, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1192, "year_label": "1192 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 28", "text": "April 28 – Conrad of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem (b. mid-1140s)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341214506#Deaths", "title": "1192", "revid": 1341214506, "section": "Deaths"}}]}