{"slug": "cordoba-spain", "label": "Córdoba, Spain", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba%2C_Spain", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5818", "qid": "Q5818", "description": "municipality in the province of Córdoba, Spain", "entries": 30, "years": 30, "span": [1, 1810], "span_label": ["1 CE", "1810 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 15}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "seville", "label": "Seville", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "al-andalus", "label": "Al-Andalus", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "andalusia", "label": "Andalusia", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "emirate-of-cordoba", "label": "Emirate of Córdoba", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "reconquista", "label": "Reconquista", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "visigoths", "label": "Visigoths", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "caliphate-of-cordoba", "label": "Caliphate of Córdoba", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "granada", "label": "Granada", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "liuvigild", "label": "Liuvigild", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "iberian-peninsula", "label": "Iberian Peninsula", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "almoravid-dynasty", "label": "Almoravid dynasty", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1, "year_label": "1 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "AD 1 – Seneca the Younger, Roman stoic philosopher born in Cordoba (d. AD 65)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365712040#Births", "title": "0s", "revid": 1365712040, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 571, "year_label": "571 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "The Visigoths under King Liuvigild invade the Byzantine province of Spania (modern Andalusia), and seize the city of Córdoba. After the death of his brother Liuva I, he becomes sole ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751956#Europe", "title": "571", "revid": 1364751956, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 584, "year_label": "584 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Visigoths under King Liuvigild capture the city of Seville, after a siege of nearly 2 years. His rebellious son Hermenegild seeks refuge in a church at Córdoba, but is arrested and banished to Tarragona. His wife Inguld flees with her son to Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754048#Europe", "title": "584", "revid": 1364754048, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 711, "year_label": "711 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 – Battle of Guadalete: The Muslim Arabs defeat the Visigothic army (33,000 men) under King Roderick, who dies in battle. The Visigoth capital of Toledo opens its city gates; Tariq ibn Ziyad sends Moorish detachments to capture the cities of Córdoba and Seville (Andalusia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358403455#Arabian_Empire", "title": "AD 711", "revid": 1358403455, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 716, "year_label": "716 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa, governor of Al-Andalus (modern Spain), is assassinated on order of Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik. He is succeeded by his cousin Ayyub ibn Habib al-Lakhmi, who becomes interim \"protector\" (wali) for 6 months, and moves the capital to Córdoba, until replaced by Al-Hurr ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Thaqafi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808331#Arabian_Empire", "title": "716", "revid": 1340808331, "section": "Events › Byzantine Empire › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 725, "year_label": "725 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Duke Eudes of Aquitaine seeks an alliance with Munuza, governor of Cerdagne (eastern Pyrenees), currently in rebellion against the central Umayyad government at Córdoba in Andalusia (probably not cemented until 729).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808658#Europe", "title": "725", "revid": 1340808658, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 818, "year_label": "818 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Al-Andalus: A grave rebellion breaks out in the suburbs of Cordoba, against the Emirate of Córdoba. Andalucian Arab refugees arrive in Fez (modern Morocco).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941123#Europe", "title": "818", "revid": 1340941123, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 850, "year_label": "850 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – Perfecto, a Christian priest in Muslim Córdoba, is executed (beheaded) after he refuses to retract critical comments he made about Muhammad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129147#Religion", "title": "850", "revid": 1341129147, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 852, "year_label": "852 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Abd al-Rahman II, Umayyad emir of Córdoba, dies after a 30-year reign in which he has made additions to the Mosque–Cathedral at Córdoba. He is succeeded by his son Muhammad I, who will put down several revolts of the Muwalladun and Mozarabs in Muslim controlled areas in al-Andalus (modern Spain).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287194271#Al-Andalus", "title": "852", "revid": 1287194271, "section": "Events › By place › Al-Andalus"}}, {"year": 860, "year_label": "860 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad I, Umayyad emir of Córdoba, invades Pamplona (Pyrenees), and captures Crown Prince Fortún Garcés in Milagro, along with his daughter Onneca Fortúnez, and takes them as hostages to Córdoba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367666755#Iberian_Peninsula", "title": "860", "revid": 1367666755, "section": "Events › By place › Iberian Peninsula"}}, {"year": 888, "year_label": "888 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Al-Mundhir, Moorish emir of Córdoba, dies after a two-year reign (possibly murdered by his brother Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Umawi, who succeeds him as ruler of the Emirate of Córdoba).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347624107#Al-Andalus", "title": "AD 888", "revid": 1347624107, "section": "Events › By place › Al-Andalus"}}, {"year": 929, "year_label": "929 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 16", "text": "January 16 – Emir Abd al-Rahman III of Córdoba, Spain, proclaims himself caliph and creates the Caliphate of Córdoba. He breaks his allegiance to, and ties with, the Fatimid and Abbasid caliphs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367671440#Europe", "title": "929", "revid": 1367671440, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 935, "year_label": "935 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Córdoba, capital of Al-Andalus, becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Baghdad, capital of the Abbasid Caliphate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468168#Europe", "title": "935", "revid": 1364468168, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 949, "year_label": "949 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Abd al-Rahman III the Caliph of Córdoba declares Jihad, preparing a large army & conquers the city of Lugo in the extreme North of Iberia. This raid shows to be one of the furthest raids Muslims in Spain ever conducted, done as a show of strength of the Muslim State in Al-Andalus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365592042#Europe", "title": "949", "revid": 1365592042, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1000, "year_label": "1000 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Sancho III of Pamplona became King of Aragon and Navarre. The Reconquista was gaining some ground, but the southern Iberian peninsula would still be dominated by Islam for centuries to come; Córdoba was the world's largest city at this time, with 450,000 inhabitants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373370885#Christendom", "title": "AD 1000", "revid": 1373370885, "section": "Events › Christendom"}}, {"year": 1009, "year_label": "1009 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – Berber forces led by Sulayman ibn al-Hakam defeat the Umayyad caliph Muhammad II in the battle of Alcolea. He enters the city of Córdoba, which is sacked by Berbers and Castillans. Sulayman is elected as caliph of the Caliphate of Córdoba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910037#Europe", "title": "1009", "revid": 1341910037, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1013, "year_label": "1013 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Kaifeng, capital of China, becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Córdoba in Al-Andalus (modern Spain).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212600#Asia", "title": "1013", "revid": 1342212600, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1023, "year_label": "1023 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December", "text": "December – Abbad I declares the Taifa of Seville independent from Córdoban rule. Abd ar-Rahman V is proclaimed Caliph at Córdoba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213204#October–December", "title": "1023", "revid": 1342213204, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1090, "year_label": "1090 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "A third Almoravid expedition is launched in Al-Andalus, designed to finally subdue the Taifa's Kingdoms. The cities of Córdoba, Seville, Granada, Málaga, Almería and Ronda fall to the troops of Sultan Yusuf ibn Tashfin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362154341#Europe", "title": "1090", "revid": 1362154341, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1121, "year_label": "1121 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A large rebellion takes place in Córdoba (modern Spain) against the ruling Almoravid dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362154597#Europe", "title": "1121", "revid": 1362154597, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1158, "year_label": "1158 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Raymond of Fitero, Spanish monk and abbot, pledges to defend the fortress of Calatrava (guarding the roads to Córdoba and Toledo) from incoming Muslim raiders. It is the founding moment of the Order of Calatrava, the spearhead of the Iberian armies during the Reconquista.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1301998061#Europe", "title": "1158", "revid": 1301998061, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1224, "year_label": "1224 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February", "text": "February – King Ferdinand III (the Saint) announces his intention to resume the Reconquista against the realm of the Almohad Caliphate. Caliph Yusuf II al-Mustansir dies and is succeeded by Abu Muhammad al-Wahid, but in Al-Andalus, two competing pretenders also claim their rights to the throne: Abu Muhammad Ibn al-Mansur al-Adil in Seville and Abu Muhammad abu Abdallah al-Bayyasi in Córdoba. The chronic political instability on the Almohad site allows Ferdinand to begin his campaign victoriously in October, with the capture of Quesada in Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561506#January_–_March", "title": "1224", "revid": 1369561506, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1236, "year_label": "1236 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 29", "text": "June 29 – Siege of Córdoba: Castilian forces under King Ferdinand III (\"the Saint\") capture Muslim Córdoba from Emir Ibn Hud as part of the Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428601#Europe", "title": "1236", "revid": 1361428601, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1277, "year_label": "1277 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August", "text": "August – Marinid forces led by Sultan Abu Yusuf cross the Strait of Gibraltar and marches north, ravaging the districts of Jerez de la Frontera, Seville and Córdoba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362646784#Europe", "title": "1277", "revid": 1362646784, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1282, "year_label": "1282 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August", "text": "August – Castilian forces under Sancho lay siege to Badajoz, but eventually retreat as the combined armies of Alfonso X relieve the city. Shortly after, Alfonso marches to Córdoba and demands the key of the city. This is refused by Diego López V de Haro, speaking on behalf of the magnates. Meanwhile, the Marinids plunder the Guadalquivir valley.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359685493#Europe", "title": "1282", "revid": 1359685493, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1283, "year_label": "1283 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 29", "text": "June 29 – Sultan Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq sets out for a punitive expedition and marches from Córdoba to Jaén and Úbeda, and then northwards through difficult terrain. On the third day after crossing al-burt, the Marinid forces attack Montiel (a fortress belonging to the Order of Santiago) and Almedina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347549431#Europe", "title": "1283", "revid": 1347549431, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1303, "year_label": "1303 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August", "text": "August – The 17-year-old King Ferdinand the Summoned, supervised by his mother, Queen-Regent María de Molina, signs a peace treaty at Córdoba with Granada for three years. In return, Muhammad III renews his vassalage with Castile and pays the same tribute given as to his father, the late King Sancho the Brave. The strategic port city of Tarifa remains in Castilian hands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360891664#July–September", "title": "1303", "revid": 1360891664, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1319, "year_label": "1319 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – Battle of the Vega of Granada: Castilian forces of 12,000 troops, led by the regents Don Pedro of Castile and Don Juan of Castile are defeated by a Moorish relief army at Granada during their attempt. Both regents are killed in the fighting. Pedro and Juan had summoned their Castilian vassals to assemble an expeditionary army in Córdoba, as part of an attempt to restore the deposed Sultan Nasr to the Granadan throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361361432#April_–_June", "title": "1319", "revid": 1361361432, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1506, "year_label": "1506 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – In Córdoba, in the Spanish kingdom of Andalusia, members of the nobility and the general public revolt against the Spanish inquisitor Diego Rodriguez de Lucero and General Inquisitor Diego de Deza. The mob liberates the people incarcerated at the Córdoba prison.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368141766#October–December", "title": "1506", "revid": 1368141766, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1810, "year_label": "1810 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – After seizing Jaén, Córdoba, Seville and Granada, Napoleonic troops enter Málaga under the command of General Horace Sebastiani.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357106545#January–March", "title": "1810", "revid": 1357106545, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}