{"slug": "cremona", "label": "Cremona", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6231", "qid": "Q6231", "description": "Italian city in Lombardy", "entries": 7, "years": 7, "span": [-221, 1560], "span_label": ["222 BCE", "1560 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-emperor", "label": "Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "piedmont", "label": "Piedmont", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-republic", "label": "Roman Republic", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gnaeus-cornelius-scipio-calvus", "label": "Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "marcus-claudius-marcellus", "label": "Marcus Claudius Marcellus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "duchy-of-milan", "label": "Duchy of Milan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "po-river", "label": "Po River", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lombards", "label": "Lombards", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "slavs", "label": "Slavs", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -221, "year_label": "222 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Roman consuls Marcus Claudius Marcellus and Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus march into Insubres territory and besiege Acerrae, an Insubre fortification on the right bank of the River Adda between Cremona and Laus Pompeia. The Insubres are unable to relieve Acerrae because the Romans control all the strategic points around it. Therefore, they hire 30,000 Gaesatae mercenaries, led by Viridomarus (or Britomartus), who march to Clastidium, an important and strategically situated town, owned by the Marici, a Ligurian tribe allied to the Romans, they start a siege hoping that this will force the Romans to lift their siege of Acerrae to come to Clastidium's aid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1295080485#Roman_Republic", "title": "222 BC", "revid": 1295080485, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 603, "year_label": "603 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Agilulf besieges Cremona, and with the assistance of the Slavs the city is destroyed. He captures Padua and Mantua (Northern Italy); its territory is divided between the Lombard duchies of Brescia and Bergamo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752956#Europe", "title": "603", "revid": 1364752956, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1237, "year_label": "1237 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – Battle of Cortenuova: Frederick II defeats the forces of the Lombard League; about 5,000 Lombards are captured. Frederick makes a triumphal entry into the allied city of Cremona in the manner of an ancient Roman emperor, with the captured carroccio (later sent to the commune of Rome), and an elephant. During the winter campaign, Frederick captures the Piedmontese cities of Lodi, Novara, Vercelli, Chieri, and Savona.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300110077#Europe", "title": "1237", "revid": 1300110077, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1311, "year_label": "1311 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 26", "text": "April 26 – King Henry VII of Italy razes the city walls of Cremona after suppressing the rebellion of the Torriani family against his rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018282#April_–_June", "title": "1311", "revid": 1332018282, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1431, "year_label": "1431 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 6", "text": "June 6 – The Battle on the Po takes place on the Po River in Italy near Cremona as the navy of the Duchy of Milan defeats a fleet of 85 galleys of the Republic of Venice. The Venetians lose over 2,500 men, as well as 28 of the galley warships and 42 transport ships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361768961#April–June", "title": "1431", "revid": 1361768961, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1446, "year_label": "1446 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In Italy, the siege of Cremona, by the condottieri troops of Francesco Piccinino and Luigi dal Verme, is raised after the arrival of Scaramuccia da Forlì.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360566332#Date_unknown", "title": "1446", "revid": 1360566332, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1560, "year_label": "1560 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The oldest surviving violin (dated inside), known as the Charles IX, is made in Cremona, in northern Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359957428#Date_unknown", "title": "1560", "revid": 1359957428, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}]}