{"slug": "crown-of-aragon", "label": "Crown of Aragon", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204920", "qid": "Q204920", "description": "composite monarchy which existed between 1162–1716", "entries": 32, "years": 29, "span": [1223, 1715], "span_label": ["1223 CE", "1715 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 7}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 6}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Births", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "emirate-of-granada", "label": "Emirate of Granada", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "james-ii-of-aragon", "label": "James II of Aragon", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-naples", "label": "Kingdom of Naples", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "alfonso-v-of-aragon", "label": "Alfonso V of Aragon", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "principality-of-catalonia", "label": "Principality of Catalonia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "james-i-of-aragon", "label": "James I of Aragon", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ferdinand-iv-of-castile", "label": "Ferdinand IV of Castile", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "crown-of-castile", "label": "Crown of Castile", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "tarifa", "label": "Tarifa", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-sicily", "label": "Kingdom of Sicily", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ferdinand-i-of-naples", "label": "Ferdinand I of Naples", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "barcelona", "label": "Barcelona", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1223, "year_label": "1223 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 – The Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy, whose followers are called the Mercedarians, is legally constituted in Barcelona by King James I of Aragon. It will receive papal approval 12 years later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336497375#July–September", "title": "1223", "revid": 1336497375, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1229, "year_label": "1229 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 5", "text": "September 5 – A Catalan-Aragonese expeditionary army under King James I (the Conqueror) embarks with 155 ships, 1,500 knights and 15,000 men from Tarragona, Salou, and Cambrils, in southern Catalonia. He sets sail to conquer Majorca. On December 31, James finally conquers the island from the Almohad ruler, Abu Yahya.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488290#Europe", "title": "1229", "revid": 1367488290, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1244, "year_label": "1244 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Eleanor of Castile, queen consort of Aragon (b. 1200)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360513044#Deaths", "title": "1244", "revid": 1360513044, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1249, "year_label": "1249 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Constance II of Sicily, queen consort of Aragon (d. 1302)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362150898#Births", "title": "1249", "revid": 1362150898, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1264, "year_label": "1264 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – Mudéjar Revolt: Muslim rebel forces, aided by allies from Algeciras and Tarifa, take the town of Jerez de la Frontera after defeating the outnumbered Castilian garrison led by Nuño González de Lara (\"the Good\"). The rebels are supported by Muhammad I, ruler of the Emirate of Granada, while King Alfonso X of Castile (\"the Wise\") is allied with Aragon. The rebels manage to capture Murcia, as well as several smaller towns.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334426011#Europe", "title": "1264", "revid": 1334426011, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1269, "year_label": "1269 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September", "text": "September – An Aragonese contingent under King James I (\"the Conqueror\") sails from Barcelona to the Holy Land but is caught in a storm and badly damaged. One squadron reaches Acre, but later returns to Catalonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343645386#Europe", "title": "1269", "revid": 1343645386, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1285, "year_label": "1285 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Aragonese Crusade: French forces led by King Philip III (the Bold) entrench before Girona, in an attempt to besiege the city. Despite strong resistance, the city is eventually taken on September 7. Philip's son, the 15-year-old Charles of Valois, is crowned as king of Aragon (under the vassalage of the Holy See) but without an actual crown. Shortly after, the French camp is racked by an epidemic of dysentery and Philip is forced to retreat.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359686470#Europe", "title": "1285", "revid": 1359686470, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1285, "year_label": "1285 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 2", "text": "November 2 – Peter III (the Great) dies after a 9-year reign at Vilafranca del Penedès. He is succeeded by his 20-year-old son Alfonso III (the Liberal), who becomes king of Aragon. Peter's other son James II (the Just), is crowned ruler of Sicily. His third son, the 13-year-old Frederick, becomes co-ruler and regent of Sicily.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359686470#Europe", "title": "1285", "revid": 1359686470, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1287, "year_label": "1287 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alfonso III (the Liberal) is forced to make concessions to the nobility after an aristocratic uprising (called the Union of Aragon). In particular, he grants his barons a \"Bill of Rights\", known as the Privilegium Generale. This leaves a heritage of disunity and further dissent among the nobility, who increasingly see little reason to respect the throne, and brings the Crown of Aragon to the point of anarchy. Alfonso, who is not pleased with the anti-royalist movement, is forced to accept the Magna Carta (Great Charter).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694581#Europe", "title": "1287", "revid": 1361694581, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1292, "year_label": "1292 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Elisenda of Montcada, queen consort and regent of Aragon (d. 1364)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358845029#Births", "title": "1292", "revid": 1358845029, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1299, "year_label": "1299 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "November 2", "text": "November 2 – Alfonso IV (\"the Gentle\"), king of Aragon (d. 1336)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349939019#Births", "title": "1299", "revid": 1349939019, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1301, "year_label": "1301 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 16", "text": "September 16 – In Spain, the Emirate of Granada, ruled by Muhammad al-Faqih, and the Crown of Aragon, ruled by Jaime II the Just sign a military agreement to fight against the Kingdom of Castile and to capture the port of Tarifa. \"Finalment, el tractat fou signat per Jaume II ale 16 de setembre de 1301, amb contingut practicament igual que la proposta que ja hem comentat del rei de Granada.\" (\"Finally, the treaty was signed by James II on September 16, 1301, with practically the same content as the proposal we have already commented on from the King of Granada.\")", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694592#July–_September", "title": "1301", "revid": 1361694592, "section": "Events › July– September"}}, {"year": 1302, "year_label": "1302 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – Constance II of Sicily, queen and regent of Aragon (b. 1249)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362151248#Deaths", "title": "1302", "revid": 1362151248, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1308, "year_label": "1308 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 19", "text": "December 19 – Treaty of Alcalá de Henares: King Ferdinand IV of Castile and King James II of Aragon sign an alliance in the Monastery of Santa María de Huerta. Ferdinand agrees to join James in making war by sea and by land against Granada. He also promises to give up one-sixth of Granada to Aragon, and grants him the Province of Almería.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367315343#October_–_December", "title": "1308", "revid": 1367315343, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1309, "year_label": "1309 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – In Spain, King Ferdinand IV of Castile agrees to assist the neighboring Crown of Aragon", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359759809#January_–_March", "title": "1309", "revid": 1359759809, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1344, "year_label": "1344 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Peter IV of Aragon defeats and deposes his cousin, James III of Majorca, thereby absorbing the Balearic Kingdom of Majorca into the Crown of Aragon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292555127#Date_unknown", "title": "1344", "revid": 1292555127, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1388, "year_label": "1388 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 24", "text": "January 24 – Eleanor of Arborea, regent for her son Marianus V of the independent Judicate of Arborea, on the island of Sardinia, signs a peace agreement with the Crown of Aragon in Spain, ending a war between the two nations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360557860#January–March", "title": "1388", "revid": 1360557860, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1396, "year_label": "1396 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 19", "text": "May 19 – Martin I succeeds his brother, John I, as King of Aragon (modern-day northeastern Spain).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360576293#April–June", "title": "1396", "revid": 1360576293, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1403, "year_label": "1403 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – As King Martin I of Aragon helps to end the siege by the French of the papal palace in Avignon, Antipope Benedict XIII flees to the Crown of Aragon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371593649#January–March", "title": "1403", "revid": 1371593649, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1409, "year_label": "1409 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – Traveling in Valencia in Aragon, Father Joan Gilabert Jofré, known as \"Padre Jofré\", witnesses a mentally ill man being beaten by two young attackers. After rescuing the victim, Jofré resolves to create the Hospital dels Ignoscents, the world's first psychiatric hospital.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998092#January–March", "title": "1409", "revid": 1361998092, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1409, "year_label": "1409 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – Martin I, King of Aragon, becomes King Martin II of Sicily upon the death of his son, Martin I of Sicily.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998092#July–September", "title": "1409", "revid": 1361998092, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1410, "year_label": "1410 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – The Aragonese capture Oristano, capital of the Giudicato di Arborea in Sardinia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337551949#January–March", "title": "1410", "revid": 1337551949, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1416, "year_label": "1416 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 2", "text": "April 2 – Alfonso V becomes the new King of Aragon and the new King of Sicily upon the death of his father, King Ferdinand I of Aragon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368829186#April–June", "title": "1416", "revid": 1368829186, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1425, "year_label": "1425 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Maltese people rise up against Don Gonsalvo Monroy, count of Malta. The insurgents repel an attempt by the Viceroy of Sicily to bring the island to order. The Maltese do not submit to Catalan-Aragonese rule, until the Magna Charta Libertatis, granting them their new rights, is delivered to them.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360580047#Date_unknown", "title": "1425", "revid": 1360580047, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1432, "year_label": "1432 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – With 132 ships, the navy of Spain's Crown of Aragon, dispatched by King Alfonso V, lands in North Africa at the island of Djerba off of the coast of Tunisia and begins a siege. The Caliph of Ifriqiya, Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz II, attempts to defend the island. but the Aragonese take control of Djerba by September 9.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998124#July–September", "title": "1432", "revid": 1361998124, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1447, "year_label": "1447 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – The Milanese War of Succession begins in Italy when Filippo Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan since 1412, dies from natural causes. In that Visconti had no male heir, he had bequeathed the Duchy to King Afonso V, ruler of the Kingdom of Naples (in Italy) and the Crown of Aragon (in Spain), as well as his son-in-law Francesco I Sforza and Sigismund, Archduke of Austria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359486325#July_–_September", "title": "1447", "revid": 1359486325, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1477, "year_label": "1477 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – King Ferrante of Napoli marries Princess Juana, daughter of the Spanish King John II of Aragon and Navarre after being brought to Naples by King Ferrante's son Prince Alfonso, Duke of Calabria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330635656#July–September", "title": "1477", "revid": 1330635656, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1486, "year_label": "1486 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – The Conspiracy of the Barons, a revolt by the Neapolitan nobility, begins in the Kingdom of Naples with the rebels taking an oath at the Chiesa di Sant'Antonio Abate in Campania against the rule of King Ferrante, the Spanish prince made King of Naples after the kingdom's conquest by the Crown of Aragon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369024065#July–September", "title": "1486", "revid": 1369024065, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1525, "year_label": "1525 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor acting in his capacity as the King of Spain, issues an edict ordering the expulsion or conversion of the remaining Muslims in the Crown of Aragon, similar to that issued for the Crown of Castile by Queen Isabella in 1502. The order applies to the Kingdom of Valencia and the Principality of Catalonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368819017#October–December", "title": "1525", "revid": 1368819017, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1526, "year_label": "1526 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 26", "text": "January 26 – The deadline for Spanish Muslims to convert to Christianity or leave is reached in the Crown of Aragon and the Principality of Catalonia as decreed by the edict of November 25 by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor acting in his capacity as King of Spain. The deadline for the Kingdom of Valencia had passed on December 31, 1525.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369353275#January–March", "title": "1526", "revid": 1369353275, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1715, "year_label": "1715 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 9", "text": "June 9 – King Philip, ruler of the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon unifies the two monarchies into a single state, centralizing rule of a unified Kingdom of Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355668843#April–June", "title": "1715", "revid": 1355668843, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1715, "year_label": "1715 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 28", "text": "November 28 – The application of the Nueva Planta decrees, in Mallorca and the other Balearic Islands (formerly under the Crown of Aragon), bring them under the laws of the Crown of Castile.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355668843#October–December", "title": "1715", "revid": 1355668843, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}