{"slug": "cuba", "label": "Cuba", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241", "qid": "Q241", "description": "sovereign state situated on an island in the Caribbean Sea", "entries": 78, "years": 63, "span": [1492, 2022], "span_label": ["1492 CE", "2022 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 21}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 19}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 8}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 7}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 7}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 4}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "havana", "label": "Havana", "shared": 12}, {"slug": "fidel-castro", "label": "Fidel Castro", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "united-states", "label": "United States", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "florida", "label": "Florida", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "seven-years-war", "label": "Seven Years' War", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mexico", "label": "Mexico", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "philippines", "label": "Philippines", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "puerto-rico", "label": "Puerto Rico", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "brazil", "label": "Brazil", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hernan-cortes", "label": "Hernán Cortés", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ferdinand-vii", "label": "Ferdinand VII", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1492, "year_label": "1492 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 28", "text": "October 28 – Christopher Columbus lands in what is now the Holguín Province of the island of Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366150846#October—December", "title": "1492", "revid": 1366150846, "section": "Events › October—December"}}, {"year": 1494, "year_label": "1494 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – On his second voyage to the New World, Columbus and his crew become the first Europeans to sail into what is now Guantanamo Bay in Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353371082#April–June", "title": "1494", "revid": 1353371082, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1511, "year_label": "1511 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Diego Velázquez and Hernán Cortés conquer Cuba; Velázquez is appointed Governor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367291242#Date_unknown", "title": "1511", "revid": 1367291242, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1515, "year_label": "1515 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 25", "text": "August 25 – Conquistador Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar founds Havana, Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362498078#July–September", "title": "1515", "revid": 1362498078, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1518, "year_label": "1518 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 8", "text": "April 8 – Spanish conquistador Juan de Grijalva embarks from Cuba on a mission to explore and conquer Mexico, departing from Matanzas with four ships and 170 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000593#April–June", "title": "1518", "revid": 1362000593, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1518, "year_label": "1518 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, the Spanish Colonial Governor of Cuba, is granted the office of Captain General of Yucatán, which comprises southern Mexico. Velázquez is also granted the exclusive right to conquer and colonize the new Yucatan Province, but turns the rights over to Francisco de Montejo in 1526.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000593#October–December", "title": "1518", "revid": 1362000593, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1519, "year_label": "1519 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Havana moves from the southern to the northern part of Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365433723#Date_unknown", "title": "1519", "revid": 1365433723, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1596, "year_label": "1596 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 11", "text": "March 11 – The Battle of Pinos is fought between the English Navy (with 14 warships) and the Spanish Navy (with 13 galleons) off of the coast Cuba's Isla de Pinos, with 325 English Navy men killed or captured, while Spain drives Baskerville's ships to retreat and sustains 80 dead or wounded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369722581#January–March", "title": "1596", "revid": 1369722581, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1668, "year_label": "1668 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 22", "text": "March 22 – Notable Privateer Henry Morgan lands in Cuba to raid and plunder the inland town of Puerto del Príncipe during the latter stages of the Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989896#January–March", "title": "1668", "revid": 1365989896, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1715, "year_label": "1715 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – 1715 Treasure Fleet: A Spanish treasure fleet of 12 ships, under General Don Juan Ubilla, leaves Havana, Cuba for Spain. Seven days later, 11 of them sink in a storm off the coast of Florida (some centuries later, treasure salvage is found from these wrecks).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355668843#July–September", "title": "1715", "revid": 1355668843, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1728, "year_label": "1728 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – The Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Gerónimo de la Habana, the oldest university in Cuba, is founded in Havana.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363462071#January–March", "title": "1728", "revid": 1363462071, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1731, "year_label": "1731 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – British trader Robert Jenkins has his ear cut off after his ship, Rebecca is boarded by Spanish coast guards at Havana in Cuba. The incident becomes the casus belli for the War of Jenkins' Ear in 1739.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560841#April–June", "title": "1731", "revid": 1369560841, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1741, "year_label": "1741 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 4", "text": "August 4–5 – War of Jenkins' Ear: Invasion of Cuba – British Admiral Edward Vernon captures Guantánamo Bay in Cuba, which he renames Cumberland Bay, but which his forces are forced to abandon on December 9.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360183595#July–September", "title": "1741", "revid": 1360183595, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1764, "year_label": "1764 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – The last British troops depart Havana, Cuba, two years after having captured it from Spain during the Seven Years' War. The removal of troops follows the treaty between the two Kingdoms, with Spain ceding West Florida to Great Britain in return for the Havana withdrawal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363539304#July–September", "title": "1764", "revid": 1363539304, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1767, "year_label": "1767 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 14", "text": "November 14 – The Timucua Indian tribe, native to central Florida, becomes extinct with the death of the last speaker of the Timucuan language, Juan Alonso Cabale. Eight years earlier, the last 95 surviving Timucuan people had been forcibly relocated by the Spanish colonial government to Guanabacoa, a township in western Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365587024#October_–December", "title": "1767", "revid": 1365587024, "section": "Events › October –December"}}, {"year": 1768, "year_label": "1768 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 15", "text": "October 15 – A powerful hurricane sweeps across Cuba during the Festival of Santa Teresa, killing hundreds of people. Spain's King Carlos III begins a precedent of ordering the colonial government to fund disaster relief, a task previously left to the Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369390957#October–December", "title": "1768", "revid": 1369390957, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1808, "year_label": "1808 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – The importation of slaves into the United States is formally banned, as the 1807 Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves takes effect. However Americans still continue the slave trade by transporting Africans to Cuba and Brazil.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369185588#January–March", "title": "1808", "revid": 1369185588, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1817, "year_label": "1817 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – King Ferdinand VII of Spain, by royal decree, makes the production and sale of tobacco a legal endeavor in Cuba, thus sparking the birth of the Cuban cigar industry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360260504#April–June", "title": "1817", "revid": 1360260504, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1819, "year_label": "1819 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The city of Fernandina de Jagua (later Cienfuegos) is founded in Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355822452#Date_unknown", "title": "1819", "revid": 1355822452, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1822, "year_label": "1822 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 – Action of 9 November 1822: engages three pirate schooners off Cuba, as part of the West Indies anti-piracy operations of the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367154222#October–December", "title": "1822", "revid": 1367154222, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1829, "year_label": "1829 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – captures the armed slave ship Voladora off the coast of Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371400114#April–June", "title": "1829", "revid": 1371400114, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1853, "year_label": "1853 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "1853–1873 – More than 130,000 Chinese laborers come to Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352708271#Date_unknown", "title": "1853", "revid": 1352708271, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1854, "year_label": "1854 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 9", "text": "October 9–11 – United States diplomats in Europe meet and draft the Ostend Manifesto, setting out a rationale for the U.S. to acquire Cuba from Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362496011#October–December", "title": "1854", "revid": 1362496011, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 10", "text": "October 10 – Carlos Manuel de Céspedes declares a revolt against Spanish rule in Cuba, in an event known as El Grito de Yara or the Ten Years' War, initiating a war that lasts ten years (Cuba ultimately loses the war at a cost of 400,000 lives and widespread destruction).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363668193#October", "title": "1868", "revid": 1363668193, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20 – Pedro Figueredo creates the Cuban national anthem, El Himno de Bayamo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363668193#October", "title": "1868", "revid": 1363668193, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1893, "year_label": "1893 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "By 1893 – 8,000 Chinese have arrived in Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369946190#Date_unknown", "title": "1893", "revid": 1369946190, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1898, "year_label": "1898 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 21", "text": "April 21 – Spanish–American War: The United States Navy begins a blockade of Cuban ports and the captures a Spanish merchant ship.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367547011#April", "title": "1898", "revid": 1367547011, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1898, "year_label": "1898 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – Spanish–American War: The explodes and sinks in Havana Harbor, Cuba, for reasons never fully established, killing 266 men. The event precipitates the United States' declaration of war on Spain, two months later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367547011#February", "title": "1898", "revid": 1367547011, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – U.S. President William McKinley declares the Spanish–American War to be at an end as the Treaty of Paris between the U.S. and Spain goes into effect. Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam are ceded to the U.S. and Cuba becomes an American protectorate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#April", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 12", "text": "June 12 – Cuba becomes a United States protectorate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#June", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1901, "year_label": "1901 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 2", "text": "March 2 – The United States Congress passes the Platt Amendment, limiting the autonomy of Cuba as a condition for the withdrawal of American troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318021#March", "title": "1901", "revid": 1373318021, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1902, "year_label": "1902 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – Cuba gains independence from the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373318639#May", "title": "1902", "revid": 1373318639, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1903, "year_label": "1903 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – Cuba leases Guantánamo Bay to the United States \"in perpetuity\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373319317#February", "title": "1903", "revid": 1373319317, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1906, "year_label": "1906 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 23", "text": "August 23 – Unable to control a rebellion, Cuban President Tomás Estrada Palma requests United States intervention. This leads to the Second Occupation of Cuba, which lasts until 1909.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373343237#July–August", "title": "1906", "revid": 1373343237, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1909, "year_label": "1909 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 28", "text": "January 28 – The last United States troops leave Cuba, after being there since the Spanish–American War of 1898.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373420847#January–February", "title": "1909", "revid": 1373420847, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1926, "year_label": "1926 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20 – A hurricane kills 650 in Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373503199#October", "title": "1926", "revid": 1373503199, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1932, "year_label": "1932 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 – A hurricane and huge waves kill about 2,500 in Santa Cruz del Sur in the worst natural disaster in Cuban history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370718676#November", "title": "1932", "revid": 1370718676, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – The St. Louis, a ship carrying 907 Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida; only a few passengers have been allowed to enter Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, many of its passengers later die in Nazi death camps during The Holocaust.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372426050#June", "title": "1939", "revid": 1372426050, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 18", "text": "November 18 – The Popular Socialist Youth is founded in Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#November", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1946, "year_label": "1946 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "December 22", "text": "December 22 – The Havana Conference begins between U.S. organized crime bosses in Havana, Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372058859#December", "title": "1946", "revid": 1372058859, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – General Fulgencio Batista re-takes power in Cuba in a coup.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#March–April", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › March–April"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – Cuban rebels kidnap five-time world driving champion Juan Manuel Fangio, releasing him 28 hours later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371827125#February", "title": "1958", "revid": 1371827125, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – In Cuba, Fidel Castro's Radio Rebelde begins broadcasting from Sierra Maestra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371827125#February", "title": "1958", "revid": 1371827125, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – The Cuban government of Fulgencio Batista launches a counteroffensive against Castro's rebels.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371827125#May", "title": "1958", "revid": 1371827125, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 – Fidel Castro becomes Premier of Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#February", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – Jesús Sosa Blanco, a colonel in the Cuban army of Fulgencio Batista, is executed in Cuba after being convicted of committing 108 murders for Batista.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#February", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#January", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – In Cuba, rebel troops led by Che Guevara and Camilo Cienfuegos enter the city of Havana.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#January", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – The United States recognizes the new Cuban government of Fidel Castro.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#January", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 17", "text": "April 17 – The U.S.-backed Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba begins; it fails by April 19.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#April", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 2", "text": "December 2 – Cold War: In a nationally broadcast speech, Cuban leader Fidel Castro announces he is a Marxist–Leninist, and that Cuba will adopt socialism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#December", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 3", "text": "January 3 – United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#January", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1962, "year_label": "1962 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 – Cuba releases the last 1,113 participants in the Bay of Pigs Invasion to the U.S., in exchange for food worth $53 million.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373095518#December", "title": "1962", "revid": 1373095518, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1963, "year_label": "1963 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – Hurricane Flora, one of the worst Atlantic storms in history, hits Hispaniola and Cuba, killing nearly 7,000 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370539540#October", "title": "1963", "revid": 1370539540, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1964, "year_label": "1964 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – A British firm, the Leyland Motor Corp., announces the sale of 450 buses to the Cuban government, challenging the United States blockade of Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371069587#January", "title": "1964", "revid": 1371069587, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1965, "year_label": "1965 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 10", "text": "October 10 – The first group of Cuban refugees travels to the U.S.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368843670#September–October", "title": "1965", "revid": 1368843670, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 29", "text": "April 29 – Fidel Castro announces that all intellectual property belongs to the people and that Cuba intends to translate and publish technical literature without compensation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#April", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1968, "year_label": "1968 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 24", "text": "November 24 – 4 men hijack Pan Am Flight 281 from JFK International Airport, New York to Havana, Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310387#November–December", "title": "1968", "revid": 1371310387, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "December 3", "text": "December 3 – October Crisis: In Montreal, kidnapped British trade commissioner James Cross is released by the Front de libération du Québec terrorist group after being held hostage for 60 days. Police negotiate his release and in return the Government of Canada grants 5 terrorists from the FLQ's Chenier Cell their request for safe passage to Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370420699#December", "title": "1970", "revid": 1370420699, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1977, "year_label": "1977 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 – The 1977 Aeroflot Ilyushin 62 airplane crash in Cuba kills 69 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371657539#May", "title": "1977", "revid": 1371657539, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1978, "year_label": "1978 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – Ethiopia admits that its troops are fighting with the aid of Cuban soldiers, against Somalian troops in the Ogaden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022681#March", "title": "1978", "revid": 1370022681, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1980, "year_label": "1980 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – The Dominican embassy siege in Colombia ends with all remaining hostages released after the guerrillas are allowed to escape to Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363797378#April", "title": "1980", "revid": 1363797378, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1981, "year_label": "1981 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Cuba suffers a major outbreak of dengue fever, with 344,203 cases.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369107326#Date_unknown", "title": "1981", "revid": 1369107326, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 14", "text": "December 14 – Chile holds its first free election in sixteen years, electing Patricio Aylwin as president. This marks the first time that all Ibero-American nations, except Cuba, have elected constitutional governments simultaneously.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#December", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "March 27", "text": "March 27 – The United States begins broadcasting Radio y Televisión Martí to Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#March", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1993, "year_label": "1993 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13–15 – The 1993 Storm of the Century strikes the eastern U.S., bringing record snowfall and other severe weather all the way from Cuba to Quebec; it reportedly kills 184 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366430372#March", "title": "1993", "revid": 1366430372, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – Maleconazo: Groups of protesters spread from Havana, Cuba's Castillo de la Punta (\"Point Castle\"), creating the first protests against Fidel Castro's government since 1959.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#August", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November 8", "text": "November 8 – Hurricane Gordon hits Central America, Jamaica, Cuba, the Bahamas, Haiti and the Southeastern United States, causing $594 million in damages and 1,152 fatalities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#November", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1995, "year_label": "1995 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – A Cubana de Aviación Antonov An-24 crashes into the Caribbean off southeast Cuba killing 44 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372467239#July", "title": "1995", "revid": 1372467239, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1996, "year_label": "1996 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – Cuban fighter jets shoot down two American aircraft belonging to the Cuban exile group Brothers to the Rescue. Cuban officials assert that they invaded Cuban airspace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371596794#February", "title": "1996", "revid": 1371596794, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1997, "year_label": "1997 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – The remains of Che Guevara are returned to Cuba for burial, alongside some of his comrades. Guevara and his comrades were executed on October 9 1967 in Bolivia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367978156#July", "title": "1997", "revid": 1367978156, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1997, "year_label": "1997 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 17", "text": "October 17 – The remains of Che Guevara are laid to rest with full military honours in a specially built mausoleum in the city of Santa Clara, Cuba, where he had won the decisive battle of the Cuban Revolution 39 years before.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367978156#October", "title": "1997", "revid": 1367978156, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1998, "year_label": "1998 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 21", "text": "January 21 - Pope John Paul II begins a 5-day visit to Cuba; Fidel Castro releases 300 political prisoners in a gesture of goodwill.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373236679#January", "title": "1998", "revid": 1373236679, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – Aero Caribbean Flight 883 crashes in central Cuba, killing all 68 people on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#November", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20 – Cuba and the United States end 54 years of hostility between the nations, reestablish full diplomatic relations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373300271#July", "title": "2015", "revid": 1373300271, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2015, "year_label": "2015 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – Cuba becomes the first country in the world to eradicate mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373300271#June", "title": "2015", "revid": 1373300271, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2016, "year_label": "2016 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 21", "text": "March 21 – Barack Obama visits Cuba, marking the first time a sitting US president has visited the island nation since President Calvin Coolidge visited in 1928.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373421880#March", "title": "2016", "revid": 1373421880, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27–September 30 – Hurricane Ian impacts Cuba and the United States, causing catastrophic damage to both nations, killing at least 157 people, 16 missing, and leaving millions without power, including the entire nation of Cuba.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#September", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › September"}}]}