{"slug": "cyrenaica", "label": "Cyrenaica", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrenaica", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165198", "qid": "Q165198", "description": "eastern coastal region of Libya", "entries": 27, "years": 24, "span": [-599, 936], "span_label": ["600 BCE", "936 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 13}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 9}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "ancient-egypt", "label": "Ancient Egypt", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "cyrene-libya", "label": "Cyrene, Libya", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "cyprus", "label": "Cyprus", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "libya", "label": "Libya", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "ptolemy-vi-philometor", "label": "Ptolemy VI Philometor", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "ptolemy-ii-philadelphus", "label": "Ptolemy II Philadelphus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sparta", "label": "Sparta", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "egypt-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "Egypt in the Middle Ages", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "alexandria", "label": "Alexandria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ptolemy-iii-euergetes", "label": "Ptolemy III Euergetes", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -599, "year_label": "600 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Battus I of Cyrene, founder and first king of the Greek colony of Cyrenaica", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372139014#Deaths", "title": "600 BC", "revid": 1372139014, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -559, "year_label": "560 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Battus II of Cyrene, Greek king of Cyrene and Cyrenaica", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321464048#Deaths", "title": "560 BC", "revid": 1321464048, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -359, "year_label": "360 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "The King of Sparta, Agesilaus II, dies at Cyrene, Cyrenaica, on his way home to Greece from Egypt. He is succeeded by his son Archidamus III as Eurypontid king of Sparta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1141894957#Greece", "title": "360 BC", "revid": 1141894957, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -321, "year_label": "322 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy, taking advantage of internal disturbances, acquires the African Hellenic towns of Cyrenaica without the authority of Perdiccas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1316405653#Egypt", "title": "322 BC", "revid": 1316405653, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -311, "year_label": "312 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The people of Cyrene in the Cyrenaica rise up in a revolt against Ptolemy, putting the Ptolemaic garrison, which occupies their citadel, under siege. After they execute Ptolemy's envoys, who came to bade them to cease their sedition, he sends Agis (one of his generals) with an army and Epaunetus (another general) with a fleet to put down the rebellion. Agis storms the city, captures the rebels, and sends the ringleaders to Alexandria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172925#Cyrenaica", "title": "312 BC", "revid": 1354172925, "section": "Events › By place › Cyrenaica"}}, {"year": -308, "year_label": "309 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Leaving his brother Antander to continue the defence of Syracuse, Agathocles lands in North Africa with the aim of distracting the Carthaginians from their siege of Syracuse. Agathocles concludes a treaty with Ophellas, ruler of Cyrenaica. He then takes advantage of the civil unrest in Carthage and nearly succeeds in conquering the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247027805#Carthage", "title": "309 BC", "revid": 1247027805, "section": "Events › By place › Carthage"}}, {"year": -307, "year_label": "308 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Agathocles sends Orthon the Syracusan to Cyrene to request aid in subduing Carthage from Ophellas (Ptolemy's governor of Cyrenaica).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358626493#North_Africa", "title": "308 BC", "revid": 1358626493, "section": "Events › By place › North Africa"}}, {"year": -307, "year_label": "308 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ophellas, ruler of Cyrenaica (governor for Ptolemy).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358626493#Deaths", "title": "308 BC", "revid": 1358626493, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -273, "year_label": "274 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Magas of Cyrene marries Apama, the daughter of Antiochus and uses his marital alliance to foment a pact to invade Egypt. He opens hostilities against his half brother Ptolemy II, by declaring his province of Cyrenaica to be independent and then attacks Egypt from the west as Antiochus I takes the Egyptian controlled areas in coastal Syria and southern Anatolia, after which he attacks Palestine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367769282#Egypt", "title": "274 BC", "revid": 1367769282, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -257, "year_label": "258 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy II loses control of the territory of Cyrenaica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1128147349#Egypt", "title": "258 BC", "revid": 1128147349, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -249, "year_label": "250 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Magas of Cyrene, king of Cyrenaica (modern Libya) (b. c. 320 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278897656#Deaths", "title": "250 BC", "revid": 1278897656, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -244, "year_label": "245 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Following a long engagement, Ptolemy III marries Berenice II, the daughter of Magas, king of Cyrene; thereby reuniting Egypt and Cyrenaica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172724#Egypt", "title": "245 BC", "revid": 1354172724, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -220, "year_label": "221 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy III, king of Egypt, who has reunited Egypt and Cyrenaica and successfully waged the Third Syrian War against the Seleucid Empire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1246108993#Deaths", "title": "221 BC", "revid": 1246108993, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -220, "year_label": "221 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Berenice II, queen of Egypt, daughter of Magas, king of Cyrenaica (in modern Libya), whose marriage to Ptolemy III Euergetes has reunited her country with Egypt (b. c. 267 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1246108993#Deaths", "title": "221 BC", "revid": 1246108993, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -180, "year_label": "181 BCE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy V is poisoned after a reign of 24 years in which the Egyptian kingdom has declined in power and influence and has lost most of its empire outside Egypt other than Cyprus and Cyrenaica. The elder of his two sons, Ptolemy VI Philometor succeeds him, but since he is an infant, he rules under the regency of his mother Cleopatra the Syrian.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363192990#Egypt", "title": "181 BC", "revid": 1363192990, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -162, "year_label": "163 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Ptolemaic king Ptolemy VI Philometor is restored to his throne through the intervention of the citizens of Alexandria. However, the Romans intervene and partition the kingdom, giving Ptolemy VIII Euergetes Cyrenaica and Ptolemy VI Cyprus and Egypt. The two brothers accept the Roman partition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342198603#Egypt", "title": "163 BC", "revid": 1342198603, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -160, "year_label": "161 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy VIII Euergetes, now king of Cyrenaica, convinces the Roman Senate to back his claim for control of Cyprus, but the Egyptian king Ptolemy VI Philometor ignores this threat, and after Ptolemy VIII Euergetes' attempt to conquer the island fails, the Roman Senate disengages from the dispute.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1311856799#Egypt", "title": "161 BC", "revid": 1311856799, "section": "Events › by side › Egypt"}}, {"year": -153, "year_label": "154 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Egyptian king Ptolemy VI Philometor defeats his brother, Ptolemy VIII Euergetes, after he attempts to seize Cyprus by force. Nevertheless Philometor restores his brother to Cyrenaica, marries one of his daughters to him, and grants him a grain subsidy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344836272#Egypt", "title": "154 BC", "revid": 1344836272, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -100, "year_label": "101 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy Apion inherits the kingdom of Cyrenaica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1295629722#Libya", "title": "101 BC", "revid": 1295629722, "section": "Events › By place › Libya"}}, {"year": -95, "year_label": "96 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Cyrene is left to the people of the Roman Republic by its ruler Ptolemy Apion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288884921#Roman_Republic", "title": "96 BC", "revid": 1288884921, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -95, "year_label": "96 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy Apion, king of Cyrenaica (modern Libya)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288884921#Deaths", "title": "96 BC", "revid": 1288884921, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -33, "year_label": "34 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – The Donations of Alexandria: Antony distributes the eastern kingdoms as a gift to the children of Cleopatra; he declares Caesarion, Caesar's illegitimate son, as co-ruler of Egypt and Cyprus. Alexander Helios receives Armenia and Media; to Cleopatra Selene II he gives the kingdoms of Cyrenaica and Libya. His youngest son Ptolemy Philadelphus receives the Egyptian possessions in Phoenicia, Syria and Cilicia. Antony establishes Cleopatra as a Hellenistic monarch at Alexandria and gives her the title of \"Queen of Kings\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350111909#Roman_Republic", "title": "34 BC", "revid": 1350111909, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 6, "year_label": "6 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "AD 6 – Cleopatra Selene II, Egyptian ruler of Cyrenaica and Libya (b. 40 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365712040#Deaths", "title": "0s", "revid": 1365712040, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 117, "year_label": "117 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Jewish Diaspora Revolt is quelled, likely by autumn 117, though unrest may have persisted in Egypt until early 118. Its suppression results in the near-complete expulsion of Jews from Cyrenaica, Cyprus, and several regions of Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187799#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 117", "revid": 1371187799, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 533, "year_label": "533 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Vandalic War: Anti-Vandal revolt in Tripolitania and Sardinia; Gelimer, king of the Vandals, dispatches the bulk of the Vandal fleet (120 ships and 5,000 men) under his brother Tzazo to Sardinia. Byzantine forces from Cyrenaica occupy Leptis Magna and Tripolis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340793764#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "533", "revid": 1340793764, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 914, "year_label": "914 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – Hubasa takes Barqah (modern-day Benghazi), the ancient capital of Cyrenaica. The Abbasid governor withdraws to Egypt, before the superior strength of the Fatimids. With this rich, fertile province fallen into his hands, it provides Hubāsa with 24,000 gold dinars in annual revenues from taxes, as well as 15,000 dinars paid by Christians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355643516#Africa", "title": "914", "revid": 1355643516, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 936, "year_label": "936 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, ruler of Egypt and Syria, defeats the Fatimid forces near Alexandria. He drives them out of the city, forcing the Fatimids to retreat from Egypt to their base at Cyrenaica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512077#Africa", "title": "936", "revid": 1341512077, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}]}