{"slug": "cyrene-libya", "label": "Cyrene, Libya", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrene%2C_Libya", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44112", "qid": "Q44112", "description": "ancient Greek and Roman city near present-day Shahhat, Libya", "entries": 17, "years": 17, "span": [-630, 681], "span_label": ["631 BCE", "681 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "cyrenaica", "label": "Cyrenaica", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "sparta", "label": "Sparta", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sasanian-empire", "label": "Sasanian Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "diocese-of-egypt", "label": "Diocese of Egypt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "shahrbaraz", "label": "Shahrbaraz", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantinesasanian-war-of-602628", "label": "Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "macedon", "label": "Macedon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ancient-egypt", "label": "Ancient Egypt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cyprus", "label": "Cyprus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "judea", "label": "Judea", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -630, "year_label": "631 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Cyrene, a Greek colony in present-day Libya, North Africa, is founded by emigrants from the island of Thera (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371149156#Events", "title": "631 BC", "revid": 1371149156, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -559, "year_label": "560 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Battus II of Cyrene, Greek king of Cyrene and Cyrenaica", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321464048#Deaths", "title": "560 BC", "revid": 1321464048, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -514, "year_label": "515 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Pheretima (Cyrenaean Queen), wife of the Greek Cyrenaean King Battus III and the last recorded queen of the Battiad dynasty in Cyrenaica", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129116#Deaths", "title": "515 BC", "revid": 1350129116, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -359, "year_label": "360 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "The King of Sparta, Agesilaus II, dies at Cyrene, Cyrenaica, on his way home to Greece from Egypt. He is succeeded by his son Archidamus III as Eurypontid king of Sparta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1141894957#Greece", "title": "360 BC", "revid": 1141894957, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -312, "year_label": "313 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A revolt in Cyrene is also crushed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300255025#Egypt", "title": "313 BC", "revid": 1300255025, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -311, "year_label": "312 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The people of Cyrene in the Cyrenaica rise up in a revolt against Ptolemy, putting the Ptolemaic garrison, which occupies their citadel, under siege. After they execute Ptolemy's envoys, who came to bade them to cease their sedition, he sends Agis (one of his generals) with an army and Epaunetus (another general) with a fleet to put down the rebellion. Agis storms the city, captures the rebels, and sends the ringleaders to Alexandria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172925#Cyrenaica", "title": "312 BC", "revid": 1354172925, "section": "Events › By place › Cyrenaica"}}, {"year": -307, "year_label": "308 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Agathocles sends Orthon the Syracusan to Cyrene to request aid in subduing Carthage from Ophellas (Ptolemy's governor of Cyrenaica).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358626493#North_Africa", "title": "308 BC", "revid": 1358626493, "section": "Events › By place › North Africa"}}, {"year": -259, "year_label": "260 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Callimachus of Cyrene, learned poet and grammarian, becomes chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325948890#Egypt", "title": "260 BC", "revid": 1325948890, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -249, "year_label": "250 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Following the death of the King of Cyrene, Magas, Queen Apama II, Magas' widow, and Antigonus II arrange the marriage of Antigonus' half-brother Demetrius the Fair to Berenice of Cyrene, daughter of Magas and Apama. However, when Demetrius the Fair arrives, Apama becomes his lover. In response, Berenice leads an uprising in which Demetrius is killed in Apama's bedroom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278897656#Egypt", "title": "250 BC", "revid": 1278897656, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -245, "year_label": "246 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Egypt's Ptolemy II dies and is succeeded by his son, Ptolemy III. At the time of Ptolemy II's death, Egypt comprises the ancient kingdom of Egypt in the Nile Valley, Cyrene, Judea and the coast of southern Syria, Cyprus and a number of cities on the shores and islands of the Aegean Sea. The Macedonian Ptolemies maintain their authority over their territories with a small mercenary army made up of Macedonians and other Greeks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358219611#Egypt", "title": "246 BC", "revid": 1358219611, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -244, "year_label": "245 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Following a long engagement, Ptolemy III marries Berenice II, the daughter of Magas, king of Cyrene; thereby reuniting Egypt and Cyrenaica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172724#Egypt", "title": "245 BC", "revid": 1354172724, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -192, "year_label": "193 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Carneades of Cyrene moves to Athens to found the third or new Academy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1213018923#Greece", "title": "193 BC", "revid": 1213018923, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -73, "year_label": "74 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Cyrene becomes a Roman province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373138869#Roman_Republic", "title": "74 BC", "revid": 1373138869, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -29, "year_label": "30 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Cornelius Gallus lands in Cyrene and occupies Paraetonium. Mark Antony storms the city walls and blockades the harbour, then retreats with his army (7 legions) to Egypt and receives the news that Pelusium has opened its gates to Octavian without resistance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357307367#Roman_Republic", "title": "30 BC", "revid": 1357307367, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 262, "year_label": "262 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "An earthquake strikes Ephesus and Pergamon and another strikes Cyrene.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325890529#Roman_Empire", "title": "262", "revid": 1325890529, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 618, "year_label": "618 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Sassanian War: A Persian expeditionary force under Shahrbaraz invades Egypt, and occupies the province. After defeating the Byzantine garrisons in the Nile Valley, the Persians march across the Libyan Desert as far as Cyrene.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340802929#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "618", "revid": 1340802929, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 681, "year_label": "681 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A Muslim Arab army led by Uqba ibn Nafi reaches Morocco, before being forced back into Cyrene by the Berbers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367426529#Arabian_Empire", "title": "681", "revid": 1367426529, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}]}