{"slug": "darius-iii", "label": "Darius III", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darius_III", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102865", "qid": "Q102865", "description": "last king of the Achaemenid Empire (r. 336–330 BC)", "entries": 9, "years": 8, "span": [-379, -323], "span_label": ["380 BCE", "324 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "achaemenid-empire", "label": "Achaemenid Empire", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "bactria", "label": "Bactria", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "medes", "label": "Medes", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "macedon", "label": "Macedon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "persia", "label": "Persia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sea-of-marmara", "label": "Sea of Marmara", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mesopotamia", "label": "Mesopotamia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "euphrates", "label": "Euphrates", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -379, "year_label": "380 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Darius III, king of (Achaemenid) Persia (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372504979#Births", "title": "380 BC", "revid": 1372504979, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -335, "year_label": "336 BCE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Bagoas then seeks to install a new monarch who will be easier to control. He chooses Codomannus, a distant relative of the royal house, who takes the name Darius III. When Darius tries to assert his independence from Bagoas' control, Bagoas attempts to poison him, but the king is warned and forces Bagoas to drink the poison himself.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172867#Achaemenid_Empire", "title": "336 BC", "revid": 1354172867, "section": "Events › By place › Achaemenid Empire"}}, {"year": -333, "year_label": "334 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – Alexander wins a major victory against the Persians commanded by the Greek mercenary Memnon of Rhodes, in the Battle of the Granicus near the Sea of Marmara. A large number of King Darius III's Greek mercenaries are massacred, but 2,000 survivors are sent back to Macedonia in chains.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356615565#Macedonia", "title": "334 BC", "revid": 1356615565, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonia"}}, {"year": -332, "year_label": "333 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Darius III of Persia executes Charidemus, a Greek mercenary leader living in exile in Persia, for criticising preparations taken for the Battle of Issus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361013620#Events", "title": "333 BC", "revid": 1361013620, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -331, "year_label": "332 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Persian King Darius III twice sends on horseback to Alexander letters of friendship. The second time he offers a large ransom for his family, the ceding of all of the Persian Empire west of the Euphrates River, and the hand of his daughter in return for an alliance. Alexander rejects both letters and marches into Mesopotamia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322067290#Persian_Empire", "title": "332 BC", "revid": 1322067290, "section": "Events › By place › Persian Empire"}}, {"year": -330, "year_label": "331 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – Alexander is victorious in the Battle of Gaugamela (near ancient Ninevah) over the Persian King Darius III. Alexander pursues the defeated Persian forces to Arbela, Darius moves his Bactrian cavalry and Greek mercenaries into Media.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1210205718#Macedonia", "title": "331 BC", "revid": 1210205718, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonia"}}, {"year": -329, "year_label": "330 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Before continuing his pursuit of Darius III, who has retreated into Bactria, Alexander assembles all the Persian treasure and entrusts it to Harpalus, who is to hold it at Ecbatana as chief treasurer. Parmenion is also left behind in Media to manage communications between Alexander and the rest of his rapidly growing lands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326554346#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "330 BC", "revid": 1326554346, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}, {"year": -329, "year_label": "330 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – King Darius III is deposed and killed by Bessus, the satrap of Bactria. Bessus assumes the kingship as Artaxerxes V.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326554346#Persian_Empire", "title": "330 BC", "revid": 1326554346, "section": "Events › By place › Persian Empire"}}, {"year": -323, "year_label": "324 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "To further his policy of integrating the Macedonians and Persians, Alexander and 80 of his officers take Persian wives. He and Hephaestion marry Darius III's daughters Barsine (also called Stateira) and Drypteis, respectively, and 10,000 of his soldiers with native wives are given generous dowries. His determination to incorporate Persians on equal terms into his army and into the administration of the provinces is bitterly resented by the Macedonians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242939237#Macedonian_Empire", "title": "324 BC", "revid": 1242939237, "section": "Events › By place › Macedonian Empire"}}]}