{"slug": "delhi", "label": "Delhi", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353", "qid": "Q1353", "description": "megacity and union territory of India", "entries": 35, "years": 31, "span": [1191, 2021], "span_label": ["1191 CE", "2021 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 21}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 5}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "mughal-empire", "label": "Mughal Empire", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "delhi-sultanate", "label": "Delhi Sultanate", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "sur-empire", "label": "Sur Empire", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "alauddin-khalji", "label": "Alauddin Khalji", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "shah-jahan", "label": "Shah Jahan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mughal-emperor", "label": "Mughal Emperor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "buddhism", "label": "Buddhism", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "akbar", "label": "Akbar", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "maratha-confederacy", "label": "Maratha Confederacy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pakistan", "label": "Pakistan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sindh", "label": "Sindh", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1191, "year_label": "1191 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – Battle of Tarain: Sultan Muhammad of Ghor invades northern India, but is defeated by Rajput forces under Prithviraja III, ruler of Ajmer and Delhi. Prithviraj marches against the Ghurid army (some 100,000 men) with infantry, cavalry, and an elephant force. He repulses the Ghurid invasion near Taraori (some 70 miles of Delhi), Muhammad escapes the battlefield.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170549#Asia", "title": "1191", "revid": 1362170549, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1193, "year_label": "1193 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ghurid forces under Qutb al-Din Aibak capture Delhi. General Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji sacks and burns the ancient city of Nalanda, India's greatest Buddhist seat of learning, and the university of Vikramashila.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367180478#Asia", "title": "1193", "revid": 1367180478, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1298, "year_label": "1298 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Mongol invasion of India (1297–1298): Mongol forces led by Qutlugh Khwaja invade the Sindh region of the Delhi Sultanate and occupy the castle of Sivistan (modern Pakistan). Sultan Alauddin Khalji sends an army under Zafar Khan, who defeats the Mongols, on February 6. Some 20,000 Mongols are killed in the ensuing battle. The survivors are put into chains and brought to Delhi, where they are trampled to death by elephants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363071319#Asia", "title": "1298", "revid": 1363071319, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1303, "year_label": "1303 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Mongol invasion of India: Mongol forces appear outside Delhi and begin the siege of the city. Alauddin Khalji and a Delhi vanguard army return to the capital, while the Delhi garrison resists assaults of the Mongols.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360891664#Asia", "title": "1303", "revid": 1360891664, "section": "By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1310, "year_label": "1310 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 23", "text": "June 23 – General Malik Kafur arrives at Delhi and presents to Sultan Alauddin the treasures captured from Warrangal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018292#April_–_June", "title": "1310", "revid": 1332018292, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1310, "year_label": "1310 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 20", "text": "March 20 – Having secured the surrender of King Prataparudra of Kakatiya during the siege of Warangal, General Malik Kafur of the Delhi Sultanate begins his return journey to Delhi. He will arrive on June 23.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018292#January_–_March", "title": "1310", "revid": 1332018292, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1313, "year_label": "1313 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 6", "text": "May 6 – In India, Veera Virupaksha Ballala, son and heir of Emperor Veera Ballala III of the Hoysala Empire, returns to the capital, Halebidu (now a ruins in the state of Karnataka), after two years as a hostage. Emperor Ballala III had agreed to leave his son behind at Delhi for two years as part of his surrender to the Delhi Sultan Alauddin Khalji.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694602#April_–_June", "title": "1313", "revid": 1361694602, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1316, "year_label": "1316 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Sultan Alauddin Khalji of the Delhi Sultanate dies after a 19-year reign at Delhi. He is succeeded by his 5-year-old son, Shihabuddin Omar, with the support of Alauddin's general Malik Kafur. During his reign, a power struggle occurs between Malik Kafur and the Khalji family.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018310#January_–_March", "title": "1316", "revid": 1332018310, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1394, "year_label": "1394 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 1", "text": "February 1 – Sikandar Shah is crowned Sultan in a ceremony at Delhi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371593498#January–March", "title": "1394", "revid": 1371593498, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1398, "year_label": "1398 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 17", "text": "December 17 – Timur defeats the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, which has been weakened after four years of civil war. Following his victory, Timur's Islamic troops sack the city of Delhi, and proceed to massacre hundreds of thousands of the state's Hindu inhabitants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370372737#October–December", "title": "1398", "revid": 1370372737, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1401, "year_label": "1401 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 14", "text": "October 14 – Sultan Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq of Delhi is restored to power.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347806355#October–December", "title": "1401", "revid": 1347806355, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1451, "year_label": "1451 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – In the Delhi Sultanate, the Afghan Lodi Dynasty succeeds the Turkish Sayyid Dynasty as the Sayyid ruler Ala-ud-Din Alam Shah flees Delhi and Bahlul Khan Lodi takes the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358547324#April–June", "title": "1451", "revid": 1358547324, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1526, "year_label": "1526 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 21", "text": "April 21 – Battle of Panipat: Babur becomes Mughal emperor, invades northern India and captures Delhi, creating the Mughal Empire, which lasts until 1857.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369353275#April–June", "title": "1526", "revid": 1369353275, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1538, "year_label": "1538 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – In India, Sher Shah Suri, who had been the Mughal Empire's Governor of the Bihar Subah province, declares the founding of the Sur Empire and crowns himself as Emperor in a ceremony at Delhi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561127#April–June", "title": "1538", "revid": 1369561127, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1554, "year_label": "1554 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 22", "text": "November 22 – Upon the death of his father, Sultan Islam Shah Suri, 12-year-old Firuz Shah Suri becomes the Sultan of the Sur Empire at Delhi, but he is murdered within a few days.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366649182#October–December", "title": "1554", "revid": 1366649182, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1555, "year_label": "1555 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – Adil Shah Suri becomes the Sultan of the Sur Empire at Delhi in India after Sikandar Shah Suri is forced to flee from the Mughal Empire forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561106#April–June", "title": "1555", "revid": 1369561106, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1556, "year_label": "1556 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 24", "text": "January 24 – In India, at the Sher Mandal in Delhi, the Mughal Emperor Humayun trips while descending the stairs from his library and strikes the side of his head against a stone step, sustaining a fatal injury. He never regains consciousness and dies seven days later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320371006#January–March", "title": "1556", "revid": 1320371006, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1556, "year_label": "1556 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 5", "text": "November 5 – Second Battle of Panipat: Fifty miles north of Delhi, a Mughal army defeats the forces of Hemu and recaptures Delhi for the Mughal Empire, guaranteeing Akbar's rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320371006#October–December", "title": "1556", "revid": 1320371006, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1556, "year_label": "1556 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 7", "text": "October 7 – The Battle of Delhi is fought in India, at Tughlaqabad) near Delhi between forces of the Sur Empire (ruled by Muhammad Adil Shah) and the Mughal Empire (ruled by Akbar the Great). General Hemchandra Vikramaditya (Hemu) of the Suris overwhelms the forces commanded by the Mughal Governor of Delhi, Tardi Beg Khan within one day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1320371006#October–December", "title": "1556", "revid": 1320371006, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1635, "year_label": "1635 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 22", "text": "March 22 – The Peacock Throne of India's Mughal Empire is inaugurated in a ceremony in Delhi to support the seventh anniversary of Shah Jahan's accession to the throne as Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360049087#January–March", "title": "1635", "revid": 1360049087, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1638, "year_label": "1638 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 13", "text": "May 13 – Construction begins on the Red Fort in Delhi (India) for Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan who is transferring his capital there from Agra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352457236#April–June", "title": "1638", "revid": 1352457236, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1707, "year_label": "1707 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 19", "text": "June 19 – The coronation of Muhammad Mu'azzam as the new Emperor of India, Bahadur Shah I, takes place in Delhi", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346936133#April–June", "title": "1707", "revid": 1346936133, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1719, "year_label": "1719 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 29", "text": "September 29 – Muhammad Shah is crowned as the 12th Mughal Emperor of India at Shahjahanabad (modern-day Delhi), 12 days after the death of Shah Jahan II from tuberculosis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365415998#July–September", "title": "1719", "revid": 1365415998, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1720, "year_label": "1720 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – India's Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah defeats his brother, pretender Muhammad Ibrahim, in a battle at Hasanpur (in Uttar Pradesh). Ibrahim is returned to incarceration at the citadel of Shahjahanabad, part of modern-day Delhi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358044251#October–December", "title": "1720", "revid": 1358044251, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1739, "year_label": "1739 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 20", "text": "March 20 – Nader Shah occupies Delhi, India and sacks the city, stealing the jewels of the Peacock Throne, including the Koh-i-Noor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340647395#January–March", "title": "1739", "revid": 1340647395, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1761, "year_label": "1761 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – Third Battle of Panipat: In India, the armies of the Durrani Empire from Afghanistan, led by Ahmad Shah Durrani and his coalition decisively defeat the Maratha Confederacy, killing over 100,000 Maratha soldiers and civilians in battle and in a subsequent massacre, regaining territory lost by the Mughal Empire and restoring the Mughal Emperor, Shah Alam II, to the throne in Delhi as the nominal ruler.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369831762#January–March", "title": "1761", "revid": 1369831762, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1772, "year_label": "1772 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 10", "text": "January 10 – Shah Alam II, the Mughal Emperor of India, makes a triumphant return to Delhi 15 years after having been forced to flee.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362979438#January–March", "title": "1772", "revid": 1362979438, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1857, "year_label": "1857 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 11", "text": "May 11 – Indian Rebellion of 1857: Indian combatants capture Delhi from the British East India Company.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366379985#April–June", "title": "1857", "revid": 1366379985, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1857, "year_label": "1857 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 20", "text": "September 20 – Indian Rebellion of 1857: British forces recapture Delhi, compelling the surrender of Bahadur Shah II, the last Mughal emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366379985#July–September", "title": "1857", "revid": 1366379985, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1911, "year_label": "1911 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 12", "text": "December 12 – The Delhi Durbar is held to mark the coronation of George V and Queen Mary as Emperor and Empress of India, and the transfer of the capital of British India from Calcutta to Delhi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373497014#December", "title": "1911", "revid": 1373497014, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1948, "year_label": "1948 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 12", "text": "January 12 – Mahatma Gandhi begins his fast-unto-death in Delhi, to stop communal violence during the Partition of India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371784888#January", "title": "1948", "revid": 1371784888, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1984, "year_label": "1984 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1–4 – Anti-Sikh mass murder takes place in Delhi and various parts of India following the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371242779#November", "title": "1984", "revid": 1371242779, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 3", "text": "October 3–14 – 2010 Commonwealth Games takes place in Delhi, India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#October", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 8", "text": "December 8 – A fire at a factory in Delhi, India, kills 43 people and injures at least 50 others.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#December", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 – COVID-19 pandemic in India: The country's death toll exceeds 250,000. Delhi cremation grounds were running out of places while hundreds of bodies were reported washed up on the banks of the Ganges.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372689859#May", "title": "2021", "revid": 1372689859, "section": "Events › May"}}]}