{"slug": "devon", "label": "Devon", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devon", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23156", "qid": "Q23156", "description": "ceremonial county of England", "entries": 13, "years": 13, "span": [614, 1952], "span_label": ["614 CE", "1952 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "cornwall", "label": "Cornwall", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "celtic-britons", "label": "Celtic Britons", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "dumnonia", "label": "Dumnonia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "exeter", "label": "Exeter", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "vikings", "label": "Vikings", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "anglo-saxons", "label": "Anglo-Saxons", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "wessex", "label": "Wessex", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cynegils-of-wessex", "label": "Cynegils of Wessex", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "France in the Middle Ages", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "john-king-of-england", "label": "John, King of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "richard-i-of-england", "label": "Richard I of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-york-city", "label": "New York City", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 614, "year_label": "614 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Bampton: King Cynegils of Wessex defeats the invading Britons in Dumnonia (modern Devon). They use the Roman road eastward from Exeter to Dorchester, and are intercepted by the West Saxons marching south.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752346#Britain", "title": "614", "revid": 1364752346, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 661, "year_label": "661 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Posbury: King Cenwalh of Wessex invades Dumnonia (south-west England). He is victorious over the native Briton tribes near Crediton in Devon, and drives them to the coast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804600#Britain", "title": "661", "revid": 1340804600, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 710, "year_label": "710 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Kings Ine of Wessex and Nothhelm of Sussex fight against King Geraint of Dumnonia, who dies in battle. Ine's advance brings him control of what is now Devon; he establishes a fortress at Taunton.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807117#Britain", "title": "710", "revid": 1340807117, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1001, "year_label": "1001 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Pinhoe: Vikings defeat the Anglo-Saxons in Devon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910152#Europe", "title": "1001", "revid": 1341910152, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1002, "year_label": "1002 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – Pallig, Danish chieftain (jarl) of Devonshire", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371270947#Deaths", "title": "1002", "revid": 1371270947, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1050, "year_label": "1050 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Edward the Confessor unites the English dioceses of Devon and Cornwall. He moves the see from Crediton to Exeter and gives the order to build a cathedral. Leofric becomes the first bishop of Exeter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368550668#Religion", "title": "1050", "revid": 1368550668, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1198, "year_label": "1198 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "John of England captures a party of 18 French knights and many men-at-arms, in the ongoing conflict against France. His brother, King Richard I (the Lionheart) introduces a new Great Seal – in an attempt to keep the war against France funded. The government proclaims that charters previously struck with the old seal are no longer valid and must be renewed with a fresh payment. The office of Lord Warden of the Stannaries is also introduced, to tax the produce of tin mines in Cornwall and Devon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584676#England", "title": "1198", "revid": 1365584676, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1690, "year_label": "1690 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – A French landing party raids and burns Teignmouth in Devon, England. However, with the loss of James II's position in Ireland, any plans for a real invasion are soon shelved, and Teignmouth is the last French attack on England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369486553#July–September", "title": "1690", "revid": 1369486553, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1817, "year_label": "1817 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – \"Princess Caraboo\" appears in Almondsbury in Gloucestershire in England, and convinces the local residents that she had come to their town from a far-off island kingdom of \"Javasu\" in the Indian Ocean. A Portuguese sailor named Manuel Enes soon arrives and says that he speaks her mysterious language, and translates her story of an escape from pirates. After publicity, Princess Caraboo is discovered to be a servant girl from the village of Witheridge in Devon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360260504#April–June", "title": "1817", "revid": 1360260504, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1859, "year_label": "1859 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 4", "text": "May 4 – The Cornwall Railway opens across the Royal Albert Bridge, linking the counties of Devon and Cornwall in England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371179353#April–June", "title": "1859", "revid": 1371179353, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1879, "year_label": "1879 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 31", "text": "December 31 – Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera The Pirates of Penzance opens at the Fifth Avenue Theatre in New York City (following a token performance the day before for U.K. copyright reasons in Paignton, Devon).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365404244#December", "title": "1879", "revid": 1365404244, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 28", "text": "April 28 – WWII: Allied convoy T4, forming part of amphibious Exercise Tiger (a full-scale rehearsal for the Normandy landings) in Start Bay, off the Devon coast of England, is attacked by E-boats, resulting in the deaths of 749 American servicemen from LSTs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#April", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – Lynmouth, North Devon, England is devastated by floods; 34 die.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#July–August", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › July–August"}}]}