{"slug": "diocese-of-egypt", "label": "Diocese of Egypt", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese_of_Egypt", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1018761", "qid": "Q1018761", "description": "late Roman administrative unit encompassing Egypt and eastern Libya, ca. 381-536 AD", "entries": 12, "years": 12, "span": [484, 656], "span_label": ["484 CE", "656 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "muslim", "label": "Muslim", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "heraclius", "label": "Heraclius", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "medina", "label": "Medina", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "palestine-region", "label": "Palestine (region)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "arabbyzantine-wars", "label": "Arab–Byzantine wars", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "isauria", "label": "Isauria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alexandria", "label": "Alexandria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "armenia", "label": "Armenia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mesopotamia", "label": "Mesopotamia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 484, "year_label": "484 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 19", "text": "July 19 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). Empress dowager Verina sends a letter to the governors of the Diocese of the East and the Diocese of Egypt for support. He is recognized in Antioch and makes it his capital.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749511#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "484", "revid": 1364749511, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 491, "year_label": "491 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Anti-Isaurian riots break out in the Hippodrome at Constantinople. Longinus and several other Isaurians, including general Longinus of Cardala, are exiled to Thebaid (Egypt).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368214657#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "491", "revid": 1368214657, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 566, "year_label": "566 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Justin II sends his cousin Justin to exile in Alexandria, where he is installed as Augustal prefect of Egypt. There he is murdered in his sleep, and his head is cut off and brought to Constantinople (most likely by assignment of Empress Sophia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749385#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "566", "revid": 1364749385, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 618, "year_label": "618 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Sassanian War: A Persian expeditionary force under Shahrbaraz invades Egypt, and occupies the province. After defeating the Byzantine garrisons in the Nile Valley, the Persians march across the Libyan Desert as far as Cyrene.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340802929#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "618", "revid": 1340802929, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 620, "year_label": "620 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Sassanid War: King Khosrau II captures Ancyra, an important Byzantine military base in central Anatolia. After the conquest of Egypt and Palestine, he restores the Persian Empire as it existed in 490 BC under Darius I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749611#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "620", "revid": 1364749611, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 631, "year_label": "631 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Heraclius appoints Cyrus, patriarch of Alexandria, with power to act as viceroy (dioikesis) of Egypt. He begins a 10-year persecution against the non-Chalcedonian Coptic Christians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749921#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "631", "revid": 1364749921, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 634, "year_label": "634 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 23", "text": "August 23 – Abu Bakr dies at Medina and is succeeded by Umar I, who becomes the second caliph (khalifah) of the Rashidun Caliphate. During his rule, Umar conquers Syria, Persia, and Egypt in a \"Holy War\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1299946990#Arabia", "title": "634", "revid": 1299946990, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 636, "year_label": "636 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor Heraclius assembles a large army consisting of contingents of Byzantines, Slavs, Franks, Georgians, Armenians, and Christian Arabs. He establishes a base at Yaqusah (near Gadara), close to the edge of the Golan Heights, protecting the vital main road from Egypt to Damascus. The base is protected by deep valleys and precipitous cliffs, well supplied with water and grazing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267068315#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "636", "revid": 1267068315, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 639, "year_label": "639 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: The Rashidun army (4,000 men), under the command of 'Amr ibn al-'As, invades Byzantine Egypt. They capture the strategic town of Pelusium (Nile Delta) after a two-month siege. Arab reinforcements led by Zubayr ibn al-Awwam are sent from Medina to assist Amr's army. The losses incurred by the Muslims are ameliorated by Sinai Bedouins, tribes of Rashida and Lakhm; they join the invaders in conquering Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754023#Arabian_Empire", "title": "639", "revid": 1364754023, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 640, "year_label": "640 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army (15,000 men) under Amr ibn al-As defeats the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt). Amr divides his troops into three parts, surrounding the Byzantines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364750340#Africa", "title": "640", "revid": 1364750340, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 641, "year_label": "641 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 11", "text": "February 11 – Emperor Heraclius, age 65, dies of dropsy at Constantinople after a 31-year reign. He reorganized the imperial administration, but lost Armenia, parts of Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Byzantine Mesopotamia to the Muslim Arabs. Heraclius is succeeded by his sons Constantine III and Heraklonas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364764166#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "641", "revid": 1364764166, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 656, "year_label": "656 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "First Islamic Civil War: An armed revolt erupts in Egypt; several Muslim sympathisers travel to Medina to rally support, beginning the fitna (literally meaning the 'trail of faith'). The Muslim expansion comes to a halt as the martial energies of the Islamic forces are directed inwards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635539#Arabian_Empire", "title": "656", "revid": 1367635539, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}]}