{"slug": "dnieper", "label": "Dnieper", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnieper", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40855", "qid": "Q40855", "description": "river in Eastern Europe", "entries": 6, "years": 6, "span": [482, 1669], "span_label": ["482 CE", "1669 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Dnieper River"], "related": [{"slug": "volga", "label": "Volga", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kyiv", "label": "Kyiv", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "crimea", "label": "Crimea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "don-river", "label": "Don (river)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "khazars", "label": "Khazars", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "caspian-sea", "label": "Caspian Sea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "batu-khan", "label": "Batu Khan", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 482, "year_label": "482 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Legendary founding of Kyiv, on the banks of the Dnieper River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340789374#Eastern_Europe", "title": "482", "revid": 1340789374, "section": "Events › By place › Eastern Europe"}}, {"year": 650, "year_label": "650 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Khazar Khaganate extends from the Dnieper to the Caspian Sea, and establishes the city, Itil, as its capital on the shore of the Caspian. Northward it extends to the headwaters of the Volga. Their rulers accept the Jewish religion, apparently to assert their independence from both Muslims and Christians (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804422#Europe", "title": "650", "revid": 1340804422, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 988, "year_label": "988 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Mezhyhirskyi Monastery (located on the Dnieper River) is founded by Michael I, first metropolitan bishop of Kiev. He arrives with Greek monks from Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364920019#Religion", "title": "988", "revid": 1364920019, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1223, "year_label": "1223 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Mongol army invades Polovtsian territory and defeats the Polovtsians in a great battle near the Don River. Several Polovtsian leaders are killed – while the remainder flees westwards, across the Dnieper River, to seek support by various Russian princes. Steppe lands east of the Dnieper fall under Mongol control, Subutai and Jebe raise the wealthy city of Astrakhan on the Volga River. Subutai now parts his forces, he moves south to the Crimea (or Tauric Peninsula), while Jebe travels towards the Dnieper.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336497375#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1223", "revid": 1336497375, "section": "Events › Other events, by place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1240, "year_label": "1240 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – The Mongols under Batu Khan cross the frozen river Dnieper and lay siege to the city of Kiev. On December 6, the walls are rendered rubble by Chinese catapults and the Mongols pour into the city. Brutal hand-to-hand street fighting occurs, the Kievans are eventually forced to fall back to the central parts of the city. Many people take refuge in the Church of the Blessed Virgin. As scores of terrified Kievans climb onto the Church's upper balcony to shield themselves from Mongol arrows, their collective weight strains its infrastructure, causing the roof to collapse and crush countless citizens under its weight. Of a total population of 50,000, all but 2,000 are massacred.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428406#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1240", "revid": 1361428406, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1669, "year_label": "1669 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 29", "text": "October 29 – Ukrainian Cossack General Mykhailo Khanenko is defeated by Petro Doroshenko at the Battle of Stebliv after attempting to wrest control of Ukraine's territory on the west side of the Dnieper River from Doroshenko.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366419040#October–December", "title": "1669", "revid": 1366419040, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}