{"slug": "duchy-of-aquitaine", "label": "Duchy of Aquitaine", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Aquitaine", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7703611", "qid": "Q7703611", "description": "medieval duchy in southern France", "entries": 48, "years": 47, "span": [710, 1375], "span_label": ["710 CE", "1375 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 13}, {"title": "Births", "count": 12}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "john-king-of-england", "label": "John, King of England", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "philip-ii-of-france", "label": "Philip II of France", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "duchy-of-gascony", "label": "Duchy of Gascony", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "eleanor-of-aquitaine", "label": "Eleanor of Aquitaine", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy-holy-roman-empire", "label": "Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "richard-i-of-england", "label": "Richard I of England", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "poitiers", "label": "Poitiers", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "france-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "France in the Middle Ages", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charles-iv-of-france", "label": "Charles IV of France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pavia", "label": "Pavia", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 710, "year_label": "710 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Lupus I, duke of Gascony, is assassinated in his attempt to seize Limoges (France). Eudes becomes ruler over both Gascony and Aquitaine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807117#Europe", "title": "710", "revid": 1340807117, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 823, "year_label": "823 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Pepin II (the Younger), king of Aquitaine", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267073980#Births", "title": "823", "revid": 1267073980, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 838, "year_label": "838 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – Pepin I of Aquitaine, king of Aquitaine (b. 797)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941885#Deaths", "title": "838", "revid": 1340941885, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 847, "year_label": "847 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Charles the Child, king of Aquitaine (or 848)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348153742#Births", "title": "847", "revid": 1348153742, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 848, "year_label": "848 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Charles the Child, king of Aquitaine (or 847)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129160#Births", "title": "848", "revid": 1341129160, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 850, "year_label": "850 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ranulf II, duke of Aquitaine (d. 890)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129147#Births", "title": "850", "revid": 1341129147, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 858, "year_label": "858 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – King Louis the German, summoned by the disaffected Frankish nobles, invades the West Frankish Kingdom and secures Aquitaine for his nephew Pepin II (\"the Younger\"). King Charles the Bald flees to Burgundy; he is saved by the help of the bishops, and by the fidelity of the family of the Welfs, who are related to Judith (second wife of former emperor Louis the Pious).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129132#Europe", "title": "858", "revid": 1341129132, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 864, "year_label": "864 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Pepin II joins the Vikings in an attack on Toulouse. He is captured while besieging the Frankish city. Pepin is deposed as king of Aquitaine, and imprisoned in Senlis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365939843#Europe", "title": "864", "revid": 1365939843, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 866, "year_label": "866 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Charles the Child, king of Aquitaine", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129580#Deaths", "title": "866", "revid": 1341129580, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 870, "year_label": "870 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ebalus, duke of Aquitaine (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129562#Births", "title": "870", "revid": 1341129562, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 875, "year_label": "875 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "March 22", "text": "March 22 – William I, duke of Aquitaine (d. 918)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352180718#Births", "title": "875", "revid": 1352180718, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 887, "year_label": "887 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 26", "text": "December 26 – In an assembly at Pavia (Northern Italy), the lords of Lombardia elect Berengar I, a grandson of former emperor Louis the Pious (through his daughter Gisela), as king of Italy. He is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy. After the deposition of Charles the Fat, the nobility chooses Ranulf II as duke (or 'king') of Aquitaine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370364971#Europe", "title": "887", "revid": 1370364971, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 890, "year_label": "890 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – Ranulf II, duke of Aquitaine (b. 850)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373061013#Deaths", "title": "890", "revid": 1373061013, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 910, "year_label": "910 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "William I (the Pious) of Aquitaine, donates land in Burgundy for the building of a Benedictine monastery dedicated to the saints Peter and Paul. Hence the Abbey of Cluny, becomes the largest in the West. In the foundation charter, William renounces all rights to the monastery and nominates Berno as the first abbot of Cluny (Eastern France). He places the monastery directly under the control of the Papal See.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130820#Religion", "title": "910", "revid": 1341130820, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 918, "year_label": "918 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – William I, duke of Aquitaine (b. 875)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509557#Deaths", "title": "918", "revid": 1341509557, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 950, "year_label": "950 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Emma of Blois, duchess of Aquitaine (d. 1003)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365260811#Births", "title": "950", "revid": 1365260811, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 963, "year_label": "963 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – William III, duke of Aquitaine (b. 915)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365272224#Deaths", "title": "963", "revid": 1365272224, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 969, "year_label": "969 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "William V 'the Great', duke of Aquitaine (d. 1030)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590679#Births", "title": "969", "revid": 1365590679, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 989, "year_label": "989 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Council of Charroux: French bishops under the patronage of William IV, duke of Aquitaine, declare the first Peace of God (or Pax Dei). This agreement grants immunity from violence to noncombatants (peasants and clergy) who can not defend themselves.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624689#Religion", "title": "989", "revid": 1357624689, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 994, "year_label": "994 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – William IV, duke of Aquitaine (b. 937)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350027284#Deaths", "title": "994", "revid": 1350027284, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1003, "year_label": "1003 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 27", "text": "December 27 – Emma of Blois, duchess of Aquitaine", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369535158#Deaths", "title": "1003", "revid": 1369535158, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1023, "year_label": "1023 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "William VII (\"the Bold\"), duke of Aquitaine (d. 1058)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342213204#Births", "title": "1023", "revid": 1342213204, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1025, "year_label": "1025 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – In the Duchy of Aquitaine in France, the Aquitanian barons and prelates meet at Maillezais, to discuss the claims by William the Fat, son of the Duke of Aquitaine Guillaume le Grand (William the Great) to rule the vacant throne of the Kingdom of Italy (primarily Lombardy and Tuscany) within the Holy Roman Empire. The title is eventually claimed by Conrad the Salic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367042525#Events", "title": "1025", "revid": 1367042525, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1026, "year_label": "1026 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Spring – King Conrad II, \"the Elder\", assembles an army of thousands of armored knights for an expedition into Italy. He besieges Pavia and marches to Milan, where he is crowned with the Iron Crown by Archbishop Aribert as king of the Lombards. Duke William V (\"the Great\") of Aquitaine, who is already en route for Italy, decides to renounce his claim to the Lombard throne and turns back.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590752#Europe", "title": "1026", "revid": 1365590752, "section": "Events › Asia › Europe"}}, {"year": 1030, "year_label": "1030 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 31", "text": "January 31 – William V (the Great), duke of Aquitaine (b. 969)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365590959#Deaths", "title": "1030", "revid": 1365590959, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1058, "year_label": "1058 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "William VII (\"the Bold\"), duke of Aquitaine (b. 1023)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1269479149#Deaths", "title": "1058", "revid": 1269479149, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1068, "year_label": "1068 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ermengarde of Anjou, duchess of Aquitaine and Brittany (d. 1146)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372127712#Births", "title": "1068", "revid": 1372127712, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1071, "year_label": "1071 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "October 22", "text": "October 22 – William IX (\"the Troubador\"), duke of Aquitaine (d. 1127)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332932306#Births", "title": "1071", "revid": 1332932306, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1086, "year_label": "1086 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 – William VIII, duke of Aquitaine", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1277859585#Deaths", "title": "1086", "revid": 1277859585, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1090, "year_label": "1090 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Troubadours begin playing in western Aquitaine (Poitou and Saintonge) and Gascony (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362154341#Arts_and_Culture", "title": "1090", "revid": 1362154341, "section": "Events › By topic › Arts and Culture"}}, {"year": 1103, "year_label": "1103 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Aénor de Châtellerault, duchess of Aquitaine (d. 1130)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265973#Births", "title": "1103", "revid": 1365265973, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1127, "year_label": "1127 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10 – William IX (\"the Troubador\"), duke of Aquitaine (b. 1071)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348045996#Deaths", "title": "1127", "revid": 1348045996, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1137, "year_label": "1137 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – William X (the Saint), duke of Aquitaine, dies while on a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela (modern Spain). On his deathbed, he expresses his wish to see King Louis VI (the Fat) of France as protector of his 15-year-old daughter Eleanor, and to find her a suitable husband.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362157430#Europe", "title": "1137", "revid": 1362157430, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1137, "year_label": "1137 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 9", "text": "April 9 – William X (the Saint), duke of Aquitaine (b. 1099)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362157430#Deaths", "title": "1137", "revid": 1362157430, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1168, "year_label": "1168 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 27", "text": "March 27 – Patrick of Salisbury, Angevin governor of Poitou, is killed in an ambush at Poitiers by French forces under Guy of Lusignan. He is escorting Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine on a journey near the border of Aquitaine. Patrick's nephew, William Marshal, is part of the royal escort and is taken prisoner. Later he is ransomed and becomes a member of Eleanor's household.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362165077#Europe", "title": "1168", "revid": 1362165077, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1169, "year_label": "1169 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Eleanor of Aquitaine leaves the English court of Henry II, to establish her own court in Poitiers. It will become known as a center of courtly love. Richard I accompanies his mother and is made heir to Aquitaine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367314843#Art_and_Science", "title": "1169", "revid": 1367314843, "section": "Events › By topic › Art and Science"}}, {"year": 1172, "year_label": "1172 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Summer – The 14-year-old Richard (later Richard I of England) is formally recognized as duke of Aquitaine. The ceremony takes place at the church of St. Hilary in Poitiers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184481#Europe", "title": "1172", "revid": 1369184481, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1174, "year_label": "1174 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 30", "text": "September 30 – The Revolt of 1173–1174: After a year and a half of rebellion, Henry II achieves peace agreements with his sons Henry the Young King, Richard, Geoffrey, and John at Montlouis, on the basis of the pre-war status quo. Before he returns to Normandy, Henry orders the rebel castles in England and Aquitaine to be destroyed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362171775#Britain", "title": "1174", "revid": 1362171775, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1184, "year_label": "1184 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "King Henry II of England encourages his youngest (and favorite) son John to seize Aquitaine from his brother Richard.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362173180#England", "title": "1184", "revid": 1362173180, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1202, "year_label": "1202 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – King Philip II of France (\"Augustus\") summons John, King of England (\"Lackland\") to Paris to answer his charges against the Lusignans. On April 28, failing to attend Philip's court, John is declared to be a 'rebel' and to have forfeited the areas of Aquitaine, Poitou and Anjou. Philip tries to mediate the political problems between John and the Lusignans (who are charged with treason) but this is ignored by John. The lands are given to Arthur of Brittany. Philip supports Arthur's claim to the English throne and betrothes his 4-year-old daughter Marie.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187490#Europe", "title": "1202", "revid": 1369187490, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1205, "year_label": "1205 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – King Philip II (\"Augustus\") conquers most of the Angevin lands, including much of Aquitaine. Fearing a French invasion of England itself, John, King of England (\"Lackland\") requires every English male over 12 years to enter a mobilization \"for the general defense of the realm and the preservation of peace\". John prepares an expedition force of his own, but the barons refuse to cross the Channel.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624697#Europe", "title": "1205", "revid": 1357624697, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1206, "year_label": "1206 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June – John, King of England (\"Lackland\") lands an expeditionary army at La Rochelle to defend his interests in Aquitaine, which is his from the inheritance from his mother, Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine. Meanwhile, French forces led by King Philip II (\"Augustus\") move south to meet John. The year's campaign ends in a stalemate and a two-year truce is made between the two rulers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267066460#Britain", "title": "1206", "revid": 1267066460, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1323, "year_label": "1323 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 15", "text": "October 15 – Hostilities that will lead to the War of Saint-Sardos between England and France begin when King Charles IV of France has a royal sergeant place a stake claiming to claim the French town of Saint-Sardos, territory within the jurisdiction of King Edward II of England (who is also the ruler of the Duchy of Aquitaine in southeastern France).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018212#October_–_December", "title": "1323", "revid": 1332018212, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1324, "year_label": "1324 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – King Charles IV of France issues an order declaring the Duchy of Aquitaine, French territory ruled by King Edward II of England, forfeited to the crown. The move comes after King Edward fails to render homage, as Duke of Aquitaine, to King Charles. A French army of 7,000 men is massed at the border of Aquitaine for an invasion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303312513#April_–_June", "title": "1324", "revid": 1303312513, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1325, "year_label": "1325 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 12", "text": "September 12 – Edward II is persuaded not to go to France by Hugh Despenser the Elder, his chief adviser. He decides to send his 12-year-old son, Prince Edward of Windsor, to go to Paris and to pay homage instead. Before the young Edward departs, he is bestowed with the title of Count of Ponthieu. Charles IV gives his consent for him to receive the English Aquitaine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366485647#July_–_September", "title": "1325", "revid": 1366485647, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1327, "year_label": "1327 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – King Charles IV of France makes a peace treaty with England. He returns Aquitaine and Gascony to English rule. Charles receives 50,000 livres. The territories of Limousin, Quercy and Périgord county come under control of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367267747#January_–_March", "title": "1327", "revid": 1367267747, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1369, "year_label": "1369 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – In a period of a few days, more than 800 communities in the Duchy of Aquitaine send requests to King Charles V of France for aid in escaping England's rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371621472#January–March", "title": "1369", "revid": 1371621472, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1375, "year_label": "1375 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – In the Duchy of Aquitaine, now part of France but at the time ruled by the King of England, the civic leaders of the town of Soule sign an agreement with Gaston III of Foix, popularly known as \"Fébus\", for his protection against raids from John of Gaunt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370334386#July–September", "title": "1375", "revid": 1370334386, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}