{"slug": "duchy-of-brittany", "label": "Duchy of Brittany", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q71747", "qid": "Q71747", "description": "former European sovereign state 939–1547, then dukedom of the Kingdom of France", "entries": 58, "years": 53, "span": [818, 1598], "span_label": ["818 CE", "1598 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 22}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 13}, {"title": "Births", "count": 11}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 6}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "nominoe", "label": "Nominoe", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "vikings", "label": "Vikings", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "charles-the-bald", "label": "Charles the Bald", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "nantes", "label": "Nantes", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "county-of-anjou", "label": "County of Anjou", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "francia", "label": "Francia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "loire", "label": "Loire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-france", "label": "Kingdom of France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "seine", "label": "Seine", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "john-v-of-brittany", "label": "John V of Brittany", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 818, "year_label": "818 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Morman, chieftain and king of Brittany", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941123#Deaths", "title": "818", "revid": 1340941123, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 831, "year_label": "831 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Nominoe, duke of Brittany, is designated missus imperatoris (imperial emissary) by Louis the Pious, at Ingelheim (modern Germany).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941627#Europe", "title": "831", "revid": 1340941627, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 845, "year_label": "845 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 22", "text": "November 22 – Battle of Ballon: Frankish forces (3,000 men) led by Charles the Bald are defeated by Nominoe, count of Vannes, near Redon, Ille-et-Vilaine. After the battle, Brittany becomes a regnum 'kingdom' within the Frankish Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342044538#Europe", "title": "845", "revid": 1342044538, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 851, "year_label": "851 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – Battle of Jengland: Duke Erispoe takes command of the Breton forces after his father Nominoe, king of Brittany, dies. He continues an offensive against the Franks in alliance with Lambert II of Nantes. In Ille-et-Vilaine near Grand-Fougeray (Brittany), Erispoe defeats a Frankish-Saxon army (4,000 men) led by King Charles the Bald.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267073715#Europe", "title": "851", "revid": 1267073715, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 851, "year_label": "851 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 7", "text": "March 7 – Nominoe, king (or duke) of Brittany", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267073715#Deaths", "title": "851", "revid": 1267073715, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 856, "year_label": "856 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Charles the Bald cedes the county of Maine to Erispoe, ruler (duke) of Brittany—this in return for an alliance against the Vikings.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329734614#Europe", "title": "856", "revid": 1329734614, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 861, "year_label": "861 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March", "text": "March – Robert the Strong is appointed margrave of Neustria by King Charles the Bald. He re-establishes the Breton March, and extends his remit by campaigning against Salomon, duke 'king' of Brittany. Robert hires a combined Seine-Loire fleet for 6,000 pounds of silver, 'before Salomon can ally with them against him'. In return, Salomon enlists 12 Viking ships under the command of Hastein, to raid the county of Maine, which, with Anjou, becomes squeezed between Brittany and Neustria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129426#Europe", "title": "861", "revid": 1341129426, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 867, "year_label": "867 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August", "text": "August – Treaty of Compiègne: King Charles the Bald cedes the Cotentin Peninsula to Salomon, duke ('king') of Brittany, after he had sent his son-in-law Pascweten to negotiate a peace. Charles orders the fortification of the cities of Tours, Le Mans and Compiègne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655299#Europe", "title": "867", "revid": 1366655299, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 868, "year_label": "868 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Salomon, duke ('king') of Brittany, leads a joint campaign against the Loire Vikings. He is forced to defend southeastern Brittany unaided, and mobilizes levies raised at Poitiers to defeat the Vikings.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358169430#Europe", "title": "868", "revid": 1358169430, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 874, "year_label": "874 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Salomon, duke ('king') of Brittany, is murdered by a faction which includes his son-in-law Pascweten and Gurvand, son-in-law of late ruler Erispoe. After Salomon's death they divide the country, and Pascweten and Gurvand co-rule Brittany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347164206#Europe", "title": "874", "revid": 1347164206, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 874, "year_label": "874 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Salomon, duke ('king') of Brittany", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347164206#Deaths", "title": "874", "revid": 1347164206, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 876, "year_label": "876 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gurvand, duke ('king') of Brittany", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070562#Deaths", "title": "876", "revid": 1267070562, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 888, "year_label": "888 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Judicael, duke of Brittany (or 889)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347624107#Deaths", "title": "AD 888", "revid": 1347624107, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 888, "year_label": "888 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October", "text": "October – Alan I (the Great), count of Vannes, and his rival Judicael, unite their forces to defeat the Vikings at Questembert (or 889). Judicael is killed, in a notable victory for the Bretons, with 15,000 Vikings crushed, some few 400 escaping to their ships. In command of a 'united' Breton force, Alan is able to drive the Vikings back to the Loire River. Alan becomes sole ruler of Brittany, and over the Frankish counties of Rennes, Nantes, Coutances and Avranches.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347624107#Europe", "title": "AD 888", "revid": 1347624107, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 889, "year_label": "889 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Judicael, duke of Brittany (or 888)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129924#Deaths", "title": "889", "revid": 1341129924, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 952, "year_label": "952 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Alan II (Wrybeard), duke of Brittany", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512696#Deaths", "title": "952", "revid": 1341512696, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 992, "year_label": "992 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 – Battle of Conquereuil: The Angevins under Fulk III \"the Black\", Count of Anjou, defeat the forces of Conan I, duke of Brittany, who is killed in the battle at Conquereuil (France).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919750#Europe", "title": "992", "revid": 1364919750, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 992, "year_label": "992 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 – Conan I, duke of Brittany", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919750#Deaths", "title": "992", "revid": 1364919750, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 997, "year_label": "997 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Alan III (de Bretagne), duke of Brittany (d. 1040)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468397#Births", "title": "997", "revid": 1364468397, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 999, "year_label": "999 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Odo, Count of Penthièvre, duke and regent of Brittany (approximate date) (d. 1079)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468443#Births", "title": "AD 999", "revid": 1364468443, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1008, "year_label": "1008 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – Geoffrey I, duke of Brittany (b. 980)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910052#Deaths", "title": "1008", "revid": 1341910052, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1031, "year_label": "1031 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hoël II (or Houel), duke of Brittany (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371210564#Births", "title": "1031", "revid": 1371210564, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1033, "year_label": "1033 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Conan II, duke of Brittany (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558009#Births", "title": "1033", "revid": 1369558009, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1037, "year_label": "1037 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hawise, duchess of Brittany (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342215302#Births", "title": "1037", "revid": 1342215302, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1040, "year_label": "1040 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – Alan III, duke of Brittany (b. 997)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365593173#Deaths", "title": "1040", "revid": 1365593173, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1066, "year_label": "1066 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 11", "text": "December 11 – Conan II, duke of Brittany", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370249569#Deaths", "title": "1066", "revid": 1370249569, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1068, "year_label": "1068 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ermengarde of Anjou, duchess of Aquitaine and Brittany (d. 1146)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372127712#Births", "title": "1068", "revid": 1372127712, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1072, "year_label": "1072 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 19", "text": "August 19 – Hawise, duchess of Brittany", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332932811#Deaths", "title": "1072", "revid": 1332932811, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1079, "year_label": "1079 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Odo of Rennes, duke and regent of Brittany (b. 999)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267068328#Deaths", "title": "1079", "revid": 1267068328, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1080, "year_label": "1080 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Bertha of Blois, duchess of Brittany (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363303187#Deaths", "title": "1080", "revid": 1363303187, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1084, "year_label": "1084 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Hoël II, duke of Brittany (House of Cornouaille)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267072083#Deaths", "title": "1084", "revid": 1267072083, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1090, "year_label": "1090 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – Constance of Normandy, duchess of Brittany", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362154341#Deaths", "title": "1090", "revid": 1362154341, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1119, "year_label": "1119 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 13", "text": "October 13 – Alan IV, duke of Brittany (b. 1063)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361127585#Deaths", "title": "1119", "revid": 1361127585, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1138, "year_label": "1138 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Conan IV (the Young), duke of Brittany (d. 1171)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366421724#Births", "title": "1138", "revid": 1366421724, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1148, "year_label": "1148 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 – Conan III, duke of Brittany (b. 1095)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362156256#Deaths", "title": "1148", "revid": 1362156256, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1158, "year_label": "1158 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "September 23", "text": "September 23 – Geoffrey II, duke of Brittany (d. 1186)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1301998061#Births", "title": "1158", "revid": 1301998061, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1161, "year_label": "1161 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Constance, duchess of Brittany (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300116018#Births", "title": "1161", "revid": 1300116018, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1171, "year_label": "1171 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 20", "text": "February 20 – Conan IV (\"the Young\"), duke of Brittany (b. 1138)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362165802#Deaths", "title": "1171", "revid": 1362165802, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1187, "year_label": "1187 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – Arthur I (or Arzhur), duke of Brittany (d. 1203)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187098#Births", "title": "1187", "revid": 1369187098, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1199, "year_label": "1199 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Philip II renews his war against England, supporting the rival claim to the English throne of John's 12-year-old nephew Arthur I, duke of Brittany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187159#Europe", "title": "1199", "revid": 1369187159, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1200, "year_label": "1200 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 22", "text": "May 22 – The Kings John of England and Philip II of France, sign a peace treaty at Le Goulet, an island in the middle of the Seine River, near Vernon in Normandy. The agreement recognizes John as overlord of most of the English owned lands in France, but John has to give Philip the lands of Norman Vexin and Évreux and a large sum of money (some 20,000 marks) – a \"relief\" payment for recognition of John's sovereignty of Brittany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354902191#Europe", "title": "1200", "revid": 1354902191, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1201, "year_label": "1201 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – Constance, duchess of Brittany, founds Villeneuve Abbey and gives it a charter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364405568#Religion", "title": "1201", "revid": 1364405568, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1201, "year_label": "1201 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 5", "text": "September 5 – Constance, duchess of Brittany (b. 1161)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364405568#Deaths", "title": "1201", "revid": 1364405568, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1226, "year_label": "1226 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Blanche of Navarre (or Champagne), duchess of Brittany (d. 1283)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372695704#Births", "title": "1226", "revid": 1372695704, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1230, "year_label": "1230 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – English invasion of France: King Henry III embarks from Portsmouth with a large expeditionary force. On May 2, he arrives on the island of Guernsey, and the next day the English army lands at Saint-Malo, where Peter I (de Dreux), duke of Brittany, meets Henry to pay him homage. The English forces march through the County of Anjou, taking the castle of Mirebeau in late July.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333053721#England", "title": "1230", "revid": 1333053721, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1341, "year_label": "1341 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Breton War of Succession begins, over the control of the Duchy of Brittany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561422#Date_unknown", "title": "1341", "revid": 1369561422, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1351, "year_label": "1351 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – War of the Breton Succession: Combat of the Thirty – Thirty chosen knights each, from the Kingdoms of France and England, fight to determine who will rule the Duchy of Brittany; a Franco-Breton victory is assured by the squire Guillaume de Montauban.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275601006#January–December", "title": "1351", "revid": 1275601006, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1372, "year_label": "1372 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – Jean, County of Montfort, Duke of Brittany makes a secret agreement with the Kingdom of England to allow English troops to pass through the lands he owns during the English war with France, event though he had previously allied with King Charles V of France in the same war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370079239#January–March", "title": "1372", "revid": 1370079239, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1373, "year_label": "1373 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 – King Edward III of England appoints Lord Salisbury to command a fleet of English and Genoese galleys and 1,700 soldiers to fight in the Duchy of Brittany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369605206#January–March", "title": "1373", "revid": 1369605206, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1392, "year_label": "1392 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – King Charles VI of France, outraged at an attempt to assassinate his advisor Olivier V de Clisson, leads an invasion against the Duchy of Brittany and Duke Jean V for harboring the perpetrator, Pierre de Craon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360558319#July–September", "title": "1392", "revid": 1360558319, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1399, "year_label": "1399 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – At Nantes, Jean V of the House of Montfort begins his reign of 43 years as the Duke of Brittany (Bretagne), an independent duchy that is now part of France, upon the death of his father, Jean IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362188981#October–December", "title": "1399", "revid": 1362188981, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1459, "year_label": "1459 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – The coronation of François II as Duke of the semi-independent Duchy of Brittany takes place in Nantes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366548241#January–March", "title": "1459", "revid": 1366548241, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1480, "year_label": "1480 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 3", "text": "January 3 – King Louis XI buys the succession rights to the Duchy of Brittany from the Countess Nicole de Châtillon for 50,000 livres", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370179650#January–March", "title": "1480", "revid": 1370179650, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1487, "year_label": "1487 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 19", "text": "June 19 – French–Breton War: The siege of the city of Nantes in the Duchy of Brittany is started by King Charles VIII of France, but fails after less than two months and is lifted on August 6.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366465965#April–June", "title": "1487", "revid": 1366465965, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1491, "year_label": "1491 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 6", "text": "December 6 – King Charles VIII of France marries the Duchess Anne of Brittany, forcing her to break her marriage contract with Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, and incorporating the Duchy of Brittany into the kingdom of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360561378#October–December", "title": "1491", "revid": 1360561378, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1532, "year_label": "1532 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – Union of Brittany and France: The Duchy of Brittany is absorbed into the Kingdom of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818925#July–September", "title": "1532", "revid": 1368818925, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1547, "year_label": "1547 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13 – The Duchy of Brittany unites with the Kingdom of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369359234#July–September", "title": "1547", "revid": 1369359234, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1598, "year_label": "1598 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 20", "text": "March 20 – The Duchy of Brittany in France is conquered by King Henry IV, who forces the surrender of Philippe Louis de Lorraine-Mercœur, Duke of Brittany. Merceur is then exiled to Hungary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769896#January–March", "title": "1598", "revid": 1372769896, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}