{"slug": "duchy-of-swabia", "label": "Duchy of Swabia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Swabia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693980", "qid": "Q693980", "description": "duchy of Holy Roman Empire (909-1268)", "entries": 51, "years": 44, "span": [883, 1406], "span_label": ["883 CE", "1406 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 17}, {"title": "Births", "count": 15}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 13}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "duchy-of-bavaria", "label": "Duchy of Bavaria", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "otto-i-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy-holy-roman-empire", "label": "Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "germany", "label": "Germany", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "principality-of-hungary", "label": "Principality of Hungary", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "regensburg", "label": "Regensburg", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "conrad-iii-of-germany", "label": "Conrad III of Germany", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "arnulf-duke-of-bavaria", "label": "Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "henry-iv-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "berengar-ii-of-italy", "label": "Berengar II of Italy", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "east-francia", "label": "East Francia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "july", "label": "July", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 883, "year_label": "883 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Burchard II, duke of Swabia (or 884)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129939#Births", "title": "883", "revid": 1341129939, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 884, "year_label": "884 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Burchard II, duke of Swabia (or 883)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366654158#Births", "title": "884", "revid": 1366654158, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 911, "year_label": "911 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Hungarians cross Bavaria, and invade Swabia and Franconia. They plunder the territories from Minfeld to Aargau. After that, they cross the Rhine, and attack Burgundy for the first time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372066182#Europe", "title": "AD 911", "revid": 1372066182, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 912, "year_label": "912 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "German dukes Henry the Fowler of Saxony and Arnulf I (the Bad) of Bavaria claim themselves to be sovereign princes, not recognizing the authority of their overlord, King Conrad I of the East Frankish Kingdom, as he is not a Carolingian. Duke Erchanger II of Swabia and Conrad's brother, Duke Eberhard III of Franconia, support the Conradines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468136#Europe", "title": "912", "revid": 1364468136, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 913, "year_label": "913 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of the Inn: The Hungarians invade Bavaria, Swabia and Northern Burgundy. At their return they face the combined armies of Arnulf (duke of Bavaria), Erchanger and Burchard II (dukes of Swabia), who defeat them at Aschbach near the Inn River (modern Germany).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070619#Europe", "title": "913", "revid": 1267070619, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 917, "year_label": "917 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Hungarians, after attacking Swabia, sack and burn Basel (modern Switzerland). They invade Lorraine in Lotharingia, destroying Verdun and Moyenmoutier, and many monasteries in Alsace. Duke Arnulf I (the Bad) with Hungarian military aid, reconquers his land from King Conrad I of the East Frankish Kingdom. After this event, Bavaria and Swabia agree to pay tribute to the Hungarians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468140#Europe", "title": "917", "revid": 1364468140, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 919, "year_label": "919 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as ruler of the East Frankish Kingdom. He recognizes the stem duchies (uniting them in a German confederation) and all their sovereign privileges. Two of the four most influential duchies, Bavaria and Swabia, do not accept his rule. Henry fortifies Magdeburg against the Magyars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509579#Europe", "title": "919", "revid": 1341509579, "section": "Events › By Place › Europe"}}, {"year": 925, "year_label": "925 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Rudolph II of Burgundy (who also rules Italy) and his father-in-law, Burchard II of Swabia, lead a Burgundian expeditionary force over the Great St. Bernard Pass to confront Hugh of Provence. They head to the city of Ivrea where Rudolph's forces begin a civil war against Lombard partisans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367671300#Europe", "title": "925", "revid": 1367671300, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 926, "year_label": "926 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The Italian nobles turn against King Rudolph II of Burgundy and request that Hugh of Provence, the effective ruler of Lower Burgundy, be elected as king of Italy. Rudolph's father-in-law Duke Burchard II of Swabia is ambushed and killed near Novara, by the henchmen of Archbishop Lambert of Milan. Rudolph, disillusioned by the news, returns to Burgundy to protect himself. Hugh has himself crowned King of Italy. and appoints Giselbert I as count palatine of Bergamo (Northern Italy).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509745#Europe", "title": "926", "revid": 1341509745, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 926, "year_label": "926 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 29", "text": "April 29 – Burchard II, duke of Swabia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509745#Deaths", "title": "926", "revid": 1341509745, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 930, "year_label": "930 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Liudolf, Swabia (approximate date) (d. 957)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364919313#Births", "title": "930", "revid": 1364919313, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 942, "year_label": "942 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Fall – Hugh of Provence makes a truce with the Moors of Fraxinet, after hearing the news that a Swabian army is about to descend on Italy. He allows the Moors to attack the Alpine passes for his own political ends in his struggle with Berengar of Ivrea. The Byzantines cry foul and end their alliance with Hugh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364918673#Europe", "title": "942", "revid": 1364918673, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 948, "year_label": "948 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Otto I appoints his son Liudolf as duke of Swabia, consolidating Ottonian dominance in Southern Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512591#Europe", "title": "948", "revid": 1341512591, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 949, "year_label": "949 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 10", "text": "December 10 – Herman I, duke of Swabia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365592042#Deaths", "title": "949", "revid": 1365592042, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 953, "year_label": "953 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Liudolf, duke of Swabia, and his brother-in-law Conrad the Red rebel against King Otto I. Otto and his army fail to capture the cities of Mainz and Augsburg. He declares Liudolf and Conrad as outlaws in absentia. His brother Bruno I, archbishop of Cologne, restores royal authority in Lorraine, but some of the rebellious dukes receive support from the Hungarians. They seize the opportunity to invade Bavaria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512708#Europe", "title": "953", "revid": 1341512708, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 954, "year_label": "954 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – At the Reichstag in Auerstedt assembled by Otto I, his son Liudolf (duke of Swabia) and Conrad the Red submit to Otto's rule. They are stripped of their duchies, but several rebel nobles continue to resist.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360671354#Europe", "title": "954", "revid": 1360671354, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 954, "year_label": "954 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Otto I, duke of Swabia and Bavaria (d. 982)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360671354#Births", "title": "954", "revid": 1360671354, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 956, "year_label": "956 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Liudolf, the eldest son of King Otto I (the Great), reconciles with his father and asks again for installation as duke of Swabia. Otto refuses, but at the instigation of his uncle Bruno I (duke of Lotharingia) allows Liudolf to lead an expedition to Italy to bring the vassal Berengar of Ivrea to heel.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364917782#Europe", "title": "956", "revid": 1364917782, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 957, "year_label": "957 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 6", "text": "September 6 – Liudolf, duke of Swabia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512729#Deaths", "title": "957", "revid": 1341512729, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 957, "year_label": "957 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 6", "text": "September 6 – Liudolf, the eldest son of King Otto I, dies of a violent fever near Pombia (it is rumored from a latent poison administered somehow by Berengar II's agents). The German armies return home, leaving Berengar of Ivrea in control of Italy. Liudolf is succeeded by his 3-year-old son Otto, who will be adopted and raised by his grandfather Otto, as the later duke of Swabia and Bavaria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341512729#Europe", "title": "957", "revid": 1341512729, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 965, "year_label": "965 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Gerberga of Burgundy, duchess consort of Swabia (or 966)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371364470#Births", "title": "965", "revid": 1371364470, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 966, "year_label": "966 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Gerberga of Burgundy, duchess of Swabia (or 965)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341513206#Births", "title": "966", "revid": 1341513206, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 976, "year_label": "976 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July", "text": "July – Emperor Otto II (the Red) occupies Regensburg, forcing his rebellious cousin Henry II (the Wrangler) (who claims rulership over the Holy Roman Empire) to flee to Bohemia. Henry is deposed and Bavaria is handed over to Otto I of Swabia (a grandson of the late Emperor Otto I). He sets up the new \"Grand Duchy of Carinthia\" covering modern-day Austria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468275#Europe", "title": "976", "revid": 1364468275, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 997, "year_label": "997 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 20", "text": "August 20 – Conrad I, duke of Swabia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468397#Deaths", "title": "997", "revid": 1364468397, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1003, "year_label": "1003 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 4", "text": "May 4 – Herman II, duke of Swabia (Germany)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369535158#Deaths", "title": "1003", "revid": 1369535158, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1012, "year_label": "1012 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 1", "text": "April 1 – Herman III, duke of Swabia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365271481#Deaths", "title": "1012", "revid": 1365271481, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1015, "year_label": "1015 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Herman IV, duke of Swabia (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365259982#Births", "title": "1015", "revid": 1365259982, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1018, "year_label": "1018 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – Gerberga of Burgundy, duchess of Swabia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367470608#Deaths", "title": "1018", "revid": 1367470608, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1025, "year_label": "1025 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Rudolf of Rheinfelden, duke of Swabia (d. 1080)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367042525#Births", "title": "1025", "revid": 1367042525, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1038, "year_label": "1038 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July", "text": "July – Herman IV, duke of Swabia (House of Babenberg)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129769#Deaths", "title": "1038", "revid": 1350129769, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1047, "year_label": "1047 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – Otto II, duke of Swabia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368550348#Deaths", "title": "1047", "revid": 1368550348, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1048, "year_label": "1048 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "October", "text": "October – Matilda of Germany, duchess of Swabia (d. 1060)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129783#Births", "title": "1048", "revid": 1350129783, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1050, "year_label": "1050 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Berthold II, duke of Swabia (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368550668#Births", "title": "1050", "revid": 1368550668, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1050, "year_label": "1050 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Frederick I, duke of Swabia (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368550668#Births", "title": "1050", "revid": 1368550668, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1057, "year_label": "1057 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 28", "text": "September 28 – Otto III, duke of Swabia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1335991921#Deaths", "title": "1057", "revid": 1335991921, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1060, "year_label": "1060 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 – Matilda, duchess of Swabia (d. 1048)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368549974#Deaths", "title": "1060", "revid": 1368549974, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1065, "year_label": "1065 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Agnes of Rheinfelden, duchess of Swabia (d. 1111)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365271706#Births", "title": "1065", "revid": 1365271706, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1078, "year_label": "1078 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – Battle of Mellrichstadt: Emperor Henry IV defeats the German anti-king Rudolf of Rheinfelden, duke of Swabia, near Mellrichstadt (modern Germany).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329585949#Europe", "title": "1078", "revid": 1329585949, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1079, "year_label": "1079 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Henry IV appoints Frederick I as duke of Swabia at Hohenstaufen Castle. Henry's 7-year-old daughter Agnes of Waiblingen is betrothed to Frederick who founds the Hohenstaufen Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267068328#Europe", "title": "1079", "revid": 1267068328, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1079, "year_label": "1079 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Adelaide of Savoy, duchess of Swabia (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267068328#Deaths", "title": "1079", "revid": 1267068328, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1080, "year_label": "1080 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 27", "text": "January 27 – Battle of Flarchheim: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, defeats the forces led by the German anti-king Rudolf of Rheinfelden, duke of Swabia, near the town of Flarchheim (modern Germany).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363303187#Europe", "title": "1080", "revid": 1363303187, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1080, "year_label": "1080 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 15", "text": "October 15 – Rudolf of Rheinfelden, duke of Swabia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363303187#Deaths", "title": "1080", "revid": 1363303187, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1100, "year_label": "1100 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 19", "text": "May 19 – Judith of Bavaria, duchess of Swabia (d. 1130)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265768#Births", "title": "1100", "revid": 1365265768, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1125, "year_label": "1125 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, dies of cancer in Utrecht after leading an expedition against King Louis VI (\"the Fat\") of France and then against the citizens of Worms. Having no legitimate children, Henry leaves his possessions to his nephew, Frederick II (\"the One-Eyed\"), duke of Swabia. At the Hoftag diet in Regensburg, Lothair, duke of Saxony, is elected King of Germany and crowned at Aachen on September 13.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270881#Europe", "title": "1125", "revid": 1365270881, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1127, "year_label": "1127 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – Conrad III (with support of the imperial cities, Swabia and Austria) is elected and crowned as anti-king of Germany at Nuremberg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348045996#Europe", "title": "1127", "revid": 1348045996, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May", "text": "May – July – A German expeditionary force (some 20,000 men) under King Conrad III leaves Regensburg and passes into Hungary. The German nobility is headed by Conrad's nephew and heir, Frederick I, duke of Swabia. On July 20, Conrad crosses into the Byzantine Empire, and reaches Sofia – where Michael Palaiologos (a nephew of Emperor Manuel I) gives Conrad an official welcome and provides the Crusaders with food.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Second_Crusade", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Second Crusade"}}, {"year": 1152, "year_label": "1152 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – King Conrad III dies after a 14-year reign at Bamberg. He is succeeded by his 29-year-old nephew Frederick I (Barbarossa), duke of Swabia, who is crowned as King of the Germans at Aachen several days later, on March 9. Frederick becomes sole ruler of Germany and receives the royal insignia, despite the fact that Conrad has a 6-year-old son, Frederick IV, who becomes duke of Swabia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584069#Europe", "title": "1152", "revid": 1365584069, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1167, "year_label": "1167 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August", "text": "August – Frederick I claims imperial authority over Bohemia, Greater Poland and Hungary. He installs his 3-year-old son Frederick V as duke of Swabia, after Frederick's cousin, Frederick IV, dies of disease at Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361983030#Europe", "title": "1167", "revid": 1361983030, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1167, "year_label": "1167 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "February", "text": "February – Frederick VI, duke of Swabia (d. 1191)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361983030#Births", "title": "1167", "revid": 1361983030, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1172, "year_label": "1172 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Conrad II, duke of Swabia and Rothenburg (d. 1196)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184481#Births", "title": "1172", "revid": 1369184481, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1406, "year_label": "1406 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – At Appenzell in what is now Switzerland, a group of nobles create the \"Order of St. George's Shield\" at Hegau in the Duchy of Swabia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357536622#July–September", "title": "1406", "revid": 1357536622, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}