{"slug": "dwight-d-eisenhower", "label": "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9916", "qid": "Q9916", "description": "president of the United States from 1953 to 1961 (1890–1969)", "entries": 27, "years": 11, "span": [1942, 1961], "span_label": ["1942 CE", "1961 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 13}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "republican-party-united-states", "label": "Republican Party (United States)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "democratic-party-united-states", "label": "Democratic Party (United States)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "morocco", "label": "Morocco", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "algeria", "label": "Algeria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "soviet-union", "label": "Soviet Union", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "president-of-the-united-states", "label": "President of the United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cuba", "label": "Cuba", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states-congress", "label": "United States Congress", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nasa", "label": "NASA", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "florida", "label": "Florida", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "elizabeth-ii", "label": "Elizabeth II", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "winston-churchill", "label": "Winston Churchill", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November", "text": "Operation Torch: Elements of the Allied expeditionary force (some 105,000 men) under Lieutenant General Dwight D. Eisenhower lands simultaneously along the coastline of Morocco and Algeria in French North Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#November", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 20", "text": "December 20 – General Dwight D. Eisenhower is promoted to the rank of U.S. Five-Star General.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#December", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – WWII: Allied military and political leaders, including Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Dwight Eisenhower, George Patton, Bernard Montgomery and more, meet for the final D-Day joint briefing at St. Paul's School in London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#May", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1951, "year_label": "1951 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December", "text": "c. December – The Institute of War and Peace Studies is established by Dwight D. Eisenhower at Columbia University in New York (of which he is President) with William T. R. Fox as first director.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368856437#December", "title": "1951", "revid": 1368856437, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 29", "text": "November 29 – Korean War: U.S. President-elect Dwight D. Eisenhower fulfills a political campaign promise, by traveling to Korea to find out what can be done to end the conflict.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#November–December", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – 1952 United States presidential election: Republican General Dwight D. Eisenhower defeats Democratic Governor of Illinois Adlai Stevenson (correctly predicted by the UNIVAC computer).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#November–December", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1953, "year_label": "1953 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 8", "text": "December 8 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers his Atoms for Peace address, to the United Nations General Assembly.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310369#December", "title": "1953", "revid": 1371310369, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1953, "year_label": "1953 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 11", "text": "February 11 – United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower refuses a clemency appeal for Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310369#February", "title": "1953", "revid": 1371310369, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1953, "year_label": "1953 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – Earl Warren is appointed Chief Justice of the United States, by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310369#October", "title": "1953", "revid": 1371310369, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 1", "text": "April 1 – The U.S. Congress and President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorize the founding of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#April", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 7", "text": "April 7 – Dwight D. Eisenhower gives his \"domino theory\" speech, during a news conference.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#April", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 10", "text": "November 10 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower dedicates the USMC War Memorial (Iwo Jima Memorial), at the Arlington National Cemetery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#November", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1955, "year_label": "1955 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 24", "text": "September 24 – Dwight D. Eisenhower, president of the United States, suffers a coronary thrombosis while on vacation in Denver, Colorado. Vice President Nixon assumed administrative duties and presided over Cabinet and National Security Council meetings while Eisenhower recovers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371173508#September", "title": "1955", "revid": 1371173508, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 30", "text": "July 30 – A joint resolution of Congress is signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, authorizing \"In God we trust\" as the U.S. national motto.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022627#July", "title": "1956", "revid": 1370022627, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 29", "text": "June 29 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, creating the Interstate Highway System in the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022627#June", "title": "1956", "revid": 1370022627, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 6", "text": "November 6 – 1956 United States presidential election: Republican incumbent Dwight D. Eisenhower defeats Democratic challenger Adlai Stevenson, in a rematch of their contest 4 years earlier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022627#November", "title": "1956", "revid": 1370022627, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – Elizabeth II (as monarch of Canada) and United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower open the Saint Lawrence Seaway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#June", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Hawaii Admission Act, granting statehood to Hawaii.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#March", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15–28 – USSR Premier Nikita Khrushchev and his wife tour the United States, at the invitation of U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#September", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 2", "text": "December 2 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the use of $1.0 million for the relief and resettlement of Cuban refugees, who have been arriving in Florida at the rate of about 1,000 per week.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#December", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 19", "text": "January 19 – A revised version of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan (\"U.S.-Japan Security Treaty\" or \"Anpo (jōyaku)\"), which allows U.S. troops to be based on Japanese soil, is signed in Washington, D.C. by Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi and President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The new treaty is opposed by the massive Anpo protests in Japan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#January", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – The \"Hagerty Incident\": As part of the ongoing Anpo protests in Japan against the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty, a car carrying Dwight D. Eisenhower's press secretary James Hagerty and U.S. Ambassador to Japan Douglas MacArthur II is mobbed by protesters outside of Tokyo's Haneda Airport, requiring the occupants to be rescued by a U.S. Marine helicopter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#June", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower approves a covert Central Intelligence Agency plan to train a paramilitary force against Cuba, which will result in the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#March", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 16", "text": "May 16 – Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev demands an apology from President Dwight D. Eisenhower for the U-2 reconnaissance plane flights over the Soviet Union, thus aborting their summit meeting scheduled for Paris this year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#May", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 6", "text": "May 6 – United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Civil Rights Act of 1960 into law.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#May", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "September 8", "text": "September 8 – In Huntsville, Alabama, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally dedicates the Marshall Space Flight Center (which had been activated by NASA on July 1).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#September", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 3", "text": "January 3 – United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#January", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › January"}}]}