{"slug": "early-muslim-conquests", "label": "Early Muslim conquests", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275918", "qid": "Q275918", "description": "historical process in 7th–8th centuries CE", "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [636, 716], "span_label": ["636 CE", "716 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "umayyad-caliphate", "label": "Umayyad Caliphate", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "iberian-peninsula", "label": "Iberian Peninsula", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sassanid-empire", "label": "Sassanid Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "muhammad", "label": "Muhammad", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "rashidun-caliphate", "label": "Rashidun Caliphate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "khalid-ibn-al-walid", "label": "Khalid Ibn Al-Walid", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sicily", "label": "Sicily", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "syracuse-sicily", "label": "Syracuse, Sicily", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "church-building", "label": "Church (building)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "portugal", "label": "Portugal", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 636, "year_label": "636 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15–20 – Battle of Yarmouk: In engagements along the Yarmouk River, Muslim forces (25,000 men) of the Rashidun Caliphate, led by Khalid ibn al-Walid, decisively defeat the armies of the Byzantine Empire, effectively completing the Muslim conquest of Syria. It will be regarded as one of the most decisive battles in military history, marking the first great wave of Muslim conquests, after the death of Muhammad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267068315#Arabia", "title": "636", "revid": 1267068315, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 656, "year_label": "656 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "First Islamic Civil War: An armed revolt erupts in Egypt; several Muslim sympathisers travel to Medina to rally support, beginning the fitna (literally meaning the 'trail of faith'). The Muslim expansion comes to a halt as the martial energies of the Islamic forces are directed inwards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635539#Arabian_Empire", "title": "656", "revid": 1367635539, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 662, "year_label": "662 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Muslim Conquest: Arab forces of the Umayyad Caliphate resume the push to capture Persian lands, and begin to move towards the lands east and north of the plateau, towards Greater Khorasan (Iran) and the Silk Road along Transoxiana.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805159#Arab_Empire", "title": "662", "revid": 1340805159, "section": "Events › By place › Arab Empire"}}, {"year": 663, "year_label": "663 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Constans II moves the imperial court from Constantinople to Syracuse. He tries to stop the Arab conquest of Sicily, and restores Rome as seat of the Byzantine Empire. Constans strips sacred altar vessels from churches all over Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635360#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "663", "revid": 1367635360, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 664, "year_label": "664 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Muslim Conquest: Arab forces under Al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra begin launching raids from Persia, striking at Multan in the southern Punjab (modern Pakistan). Muslims conquer the city of Kabul, invading from eastern Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367636792#Arabian_Empire", "title": "664", "revid": 1367636792, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 711, "year_label": "711 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – Umayyad conquest of Hispania: Muslim troops (7,000 men) led by Tariq ibn Ziyad land at Gibraltar, and begin their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula (now Spain and Portugal). Tariq begins his Islamic conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom, which during the decade he occupies and brings under Umayyad sovereignty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358403455#Arabian_Empire", "title": "AD 711", "revid": 1358403455, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 712, "year_label": "712 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Umayyad conquest of Hispania: From North Africa, Musa ibn Nusayr lands in Iberia (Al-Andalus), with an army of 18,000 Arabs and Berbers. He joins the Islamic conquest and captures the city of Seville (Andalusia), where he meets stiff resistance after 3-months of siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357552155#Arabian_Empire", "title": "712", "revid": 1357552155, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 716, "year_label": "716 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Theodosios III concludes a peace treaty with Kormesiy, son of Tervel of Bulgaria, in an effort to secure support against the Arab invasion in Anatolia (modern Turkey). The treaty recognizes the Bulgarian borders, including the newly gained lands of Zagore (see 705). Theodosios agrees to pay annual tribute, and exchange refugees charged with conspiracy against the legal ruler. Goods can only be imported or exported with a state seal. Bulgarian merchants gain official access to the trade market in Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808331#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "716", "revid": 1340808331, "section": "Events › Byzantine Empire"}}]}