{"slug": "eastwest-schism", "label": "East–West Schism", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51648", "qid": "Q51648", "description": "division of Christianity into two large parts in 1054", "entries": 7, "years": 6, "span": [1000, 2016], "span_label": ["1000 CE", "2016 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 6}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["East-West Schism"], "related": [{"slug": "eastern-orthodoxy", "label": "Eastern Orthodoxy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "christianity", "label": "Christianity", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-eugene-iv", "label": "Pope Eugene IV", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "john-viii-palaiologos", "label": "John VIII Palaiologos", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-catholic-church", "label": "Roman Catholic Church", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "seljuk-empire", "label": "Seljuk Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alexios-i-komnenos", "label": "Alexios I Komnenos", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "western-europe", "label": "Western Europe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-urban-ii", "label": "Pope Urban II", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "russian-orthodox-church", "label": "Russian Orthodox Church", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-francis", "label": "Pope Francis", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "papal-bull", "label": "Papal bull", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1000, "year_label": "1000 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The papacy during this time was in a period of decline, in retrospect known as the saeculum obscurum (\"Dark Age\") or \"pornocracy\" (\"rule of harlots\"), a state of affairs that would result in the Great Schism between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy later in the 11th century.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373370885#Christendom", "title": "AD 1000", "revid": 1373370885, "section": "Events › Christendom"}}, {"year": 1054, "year_label": "1054 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – East-West Schism: Humbert of Silva Candida, representative of the newly deceased Leo IX, breaks the relations between Western and Eastern Churches, through the act of placing an invalidly-issued Papal Bull of excommunication during the celebration of the Divine Liturgy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267065294#Religion", "title": "1054", "revid": 1267065294, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1095, "year_label": "1095 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March", "text": "March – Emperor Alexios I Komnenos send envoys to Pope Urban II at the Council of Piacenza and appeals to the Christian states of Western Europe for military aid against the Seljuk Turks. Urban responds favourably, hoping to heal the Great Schism of 40 years earlier, and to reunite the Catholic Church under papal primacy by helping the Eastern churches.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365264485#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1095", "revid": 1365264485, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1269, "year_label": "1269 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – Opizzo Fieschi, Latin patriarch of Antioch, is exiled, being displaced because of the East–West Schism of 1054.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343645386#Religion", "title": "1269", "revid": 1343645386, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1439, "year_label": "1439 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – Joseph II, the leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church as the 155th Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, dies after a reign of 23 years, leaving a vacancy that is used by the Roman Catholic Pope Eugene IV to declare a unification of the two churches to end the East–West Schism of 1054.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373513363#April–June", "title": "1439", "revid": 1373513363, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1439, "year_label": "1439 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – Pope Eugene IV issues the Bull of Union with the Greeks (Laetentur Caeli), signed by the Byzantine Emperor John VIII Palaiologos, proclaiming the end of the East–West Schism between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy and the union of the two divisions of the Christian faith. The bull is repudiated by most Eastern bishops shortly thereafter.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373513363#July–September", "title": "1439", "revid": 1373513363, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 2016, "year_label": "2016 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – Pope Francis and Patriarch Kirill sign an Ecumenical Declaration in the first such meeting between leaders of the Catholic and Russian Orthodox Churches since their schism in 1054.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373421880#February", "title": "2016", "revid": 1373421880, "section": "Events › February"}}]}