{"slug": "ecuador", "label": "Ecuador", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736", "qid": "Q736", "description": "sovereign state in South America", "entries": 34, "years": 32, "span": [550, 2016], "span_label": ["550 CE", "2016 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 9}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 7}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 5}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "venezuela", "label": "Venezuela", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "viceroyalty-of-peru", "label": "Viceroyalty of Peru", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "colombia", "label": "Colombia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "south-america", "label": "South America", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bogota", "label": "Bogotá", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "april", "label": "April", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "francisco-pizarro", "label": "Francisco Pizarro", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "peru", "label": "Peru", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mercalli-intensity-scale", "label": "Mercalli intensity scale", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charles-v-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "francis-drake", "label": "Francis Drake", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 550, "year_label": "550 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The last known eruption of Chimborazo (modern Ecuador) occurs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340799644#Americas", "title": "550", "revid": 1340799644, "section": "Events › By place › Americas"}}, {"year": 1531, "year_label": "1531 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April – Battle of Puná: Francisco Pizarro defeats the native inhabitants of the island of Puná, off of the coast of what is now the South American nation of Ecuador.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359939156#April–June", "title": "1531", "revid": 1359939156, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1534, "year_label": "1534 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 6", "text": "December 6 – Over 200 Spanish settlers, led by conquistador Sebastián de Belalcázar, found what becomes Quito, Ecuador.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558671#October–December", "title": "1534", "revid": 1369558671, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1538, "year_label": "1538 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – The city of Guayaquil, now the largest city in the South American nation of Ecuador is founded by Spanish conqueror Francisco de Orellana in the location of a Quechua native village of the same name. Orellana names the city \"Santiago de Guayaquil\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561127#July–September", "title": "1538", "revid": 1369561127, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 28", "text": "March 28 – In what is now the capital of Ecuador, San Francisco de Quito is declared a city by the decree of King Charles I of Spain and the Viceroyalty of Peru.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813253#January–March", "title": "1541", "revid": 1361813253, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1579, "year_label": "1579 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Off of the coast of what is now Ecuador, the English galleon Golden Hind, captained by Francis Drake, captures the Spanish freighter Nuestra Señora de la Concepción (unofficially called \"Cagafuego\") and its cargo, including 26 tons of silver and 1,000 pounds of gold.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362792771#January–March", "title": "1579", "revid": 1362792771, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1594, "year_label": "1594 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – Anglo-Spanish War: Action of Atacames Bay – English privateer Richard Hawkins in the Dainty is attacked and captured by a Spanish squadron off Esmeraldas (now in Ecuador).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319812312#July–September", "title": "1594", "revid": 1319812312, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1638, "year_label": "1638 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – The Portuguese expedition led by Pedro Teixeira completes the first ascent of the Amazon River, crossing the Quijos River and arriving at Quito in Ecuador soon after (the same trip had been made in the opposite direction, in 1541).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352457236#July–September", "title": "1638", "revid": 1352457236, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 – Spain creates the Viceroyalty of New Granada in South America from the northern section of the Viceroyalty of Peru. The viceroyalty, with a capital at Bogotá, later declares independence and splits up into what become the nations of Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366802832#April–June", "title": "1717", "revid": 1366802832, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1736, "year_label": "1736 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Charles Marie de La Condamine, with François Fresneau Gataudière, makes the first scientific observations of rubber, in Ecuador.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360559528#Date_unknown", "title": "1736", "revid": 1360559528, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1736, "year_label": "1736 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 3", "text": "October 3 – French scientist Charles Marie de La Condamine and a team of surveyors begin the first measurements at the Equator to determine the exact meridian arc measurement of distance between points separated by one degree of longitude in order to make a precise calculation of the Earth's circumference. The initial measurements of this French Geodesic Mission to the Equator, made in what is now Ecuador, last until November 3. The same year the French Geodesic Mission to Lapland took place. Both confirm Isaac Newton's prediction that the Figure of the Earth is flattened at the poles.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360559528#October–December", "title": "1736", "revid": 1360559528, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1739, "year_label": "1739 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Ecuador, part of Real Audiencia of Quito, becomes a part of New Granada, instead of Peru.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340647395#Date_unknown", "title": "1739", "revid": 1340647395, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1743, "year_label": "1743 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 3", "text": "December 3 – Ecuadorian scientist Pedro Vicente Maldonado departs from Brazil in order to purchase the most state-of-the-art equipment for the French Geodesic Mission", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360887949#October–December", "title": "1743", "revid": 1360887949, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1766, "year_label": "1766 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 1", "text": "September 1 – The revolt in Quito (at this time part of Spain's Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada; the modern-day capital of Ecuador) is ended peacefully as royal forces enter the city under the command of Guayaquil Governor Pedro Zelaya. Rather than seeking retribution from the Quito citizens over their insurrection that has broken the monopoly over the sale of the liquor aguardiente, Zeleaya oversees a program of reconciliation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358061260#July–September", "title": "1766", "revid": 1358061260, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1768, "year_label": "1768 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – The Cotopaxi volcano erupts in what is now Ecuador, at the time part of the Spanish Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada, covering the towns of Hambato and Tacunga with ash, but not causing fatalities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369390957#April–June", "title": "1768", "revid": 1369390957, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1809, "year_label": "1809 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 – Ecuador declares independence from Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349276571#July–September", "title": "1809", "revid": 1349276571, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1822, "year_label": "1822 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 26", "text": "July 26 – Guayaquil Conference: José de San Martín arrives in Guayaquil, Ecuador, to meet Simón Bolívar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367154222#July–September", "title": "1822", "revid": 1367154222, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1830, "year_label": "1830 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 13", "text": "May 13 – Ecuador separates from Gran Colombia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352223718#April–June", "title": "1830", "revid": 1352223718, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – Ecuador and Venezuela are separated from Gran Colombia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360358594#October–December", "title": "1831", "revid": 1360358594, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1832, "year_label": "1832 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – Ecuador annexes the Galápagos Islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370617764#January–March", "title": "1832", "revid": 1370617764, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 24", "text": "September 24 – Battle of Guayaquil: Ecuadorian forces, led by Juan José Flores and Gabriel García Moreno, take the port of Guayaquil from Supreme Chief Guillermo Franco, who is backed by Peruvian forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#September", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1874, "year_label": "1874 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – The Republic of Ecuador is consecrated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, carried out by President Gabriel García Moreno and supported, blessed and specified by Pope Pius IX.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371979117#March", "title": "1874", "revid": 1371979117, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1877, "year_label": "1877 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – The eruption of the volcano Cotopaxi in Ecuador causes severe mudflows that wipe out surrounding cities and valleys, killing 1,000.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370239819#June", "title": "1877", "revid": 1370239819, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1895, "year_label": "1895 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – The Liberal Revolution begins in Ecuador, making the civil war more intense in the country.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364324653#June", "title": "1895", "revid": 1364324653, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 15", "text": "November 15 – 1922 Guayaquil general strike: During a 3-day strike action in the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador, police and military fire into a crowd, killing at least 300.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#November", "title": "1922", "revid": 1369983934, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1949, "year_label": "1949 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – In Ecuador, the 6.8 Ambato earthquake kills more than 5,000, and destroys a number of villages.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370167995#August", "title": "1949", "revid": 1370167995, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 8", "text": "January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, Ed McCully, Jim Elliot and Pete Fleming, are killed for trespassing by the Waorani people of Ecuador, shortly after making contact with them.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022627#January", "title": "1956", "revid": 1370022627, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1972, "year_label": "1972 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 15", "text": "February 15 – President of Ecuador José María Velasco Ibarra is deposed for the fourth time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371514417#February", "title": "1972", "revid": 1371514417, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "December 12", "text": "December 12 – The 8.2 Tumaco earthquake shakes Colombia and Ecuador with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing 300–600, and generating a large tsunami.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#December", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – A 6.9 magnitude earthquake occurs in Napo Province in northeast Ecuador, killing roughly 1,000 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769014#March", "title": "1987", "revid": 1372769014, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2000, "year_label": "2000 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – The United States dollar becomes the official currency of Ecuador, replacing the Ecuadorian sucre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371541477#March", "title": "2000", "revid": 1371541477, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – The Quito Ultratumba nightclub fire in Quito, Ecuador, kills 19 people and injures at least 24 more.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372634791#April", "title": "2008", "revid": 1372634791, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 2", "text": "March 2 – Venezuela and Ecuador move troops to the Colombian border, following a Colombian raid against FARC guerrillas inside Ecuadorian territory, in which senior commander Raúl Reyes is killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372634791#March", "title": "2008", "revid": 1372634791, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2016, "year_label": "2016 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "April 16", "text": "April 16 – An earthquake of magnitude 7.8 strikes northwestern Ecuador killing 676 people and injuring over 6,000. Widespread damage was caused across Manabí Province, with structures hundreds of kilometres away from the epicenter collapsing.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373421880#April", "title": "2016", "revid": 1373421880, "section": "Events › April"}}]}