{"slug": "edessa-mesopotamia", "label": "Edessa, Mesopotamia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edessa%2C_Mesopotamia", "wikidata": null, "qid": null, "description": null, "entries": 16, "years": 16, "span": [-302, 1031], "span_label": ["303 BCE", "1031 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 5}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "antioch", "label": "Antioch", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nusaybin", "label": "Nusaybin", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bubonic-plague", "label": "Bubonic plague", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "shapur-i", "label": "Shapur I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-legionary", "label": "Roman legionary", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "valerian-emperor", "label": "Valerian (emperor)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "christianity", "label": "Christianity", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "macedon", "label": "Macedon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mesopotamia", "label": "Mesopotamia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "november", "label": "November", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -302, "year_label": "303 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Seleucus refounds the town of Orrhoa in northern Mesopotamia as a military colony and mixes Greek settlers with its eastern population. He names Edessa in memory of the ancient capital of Macedon.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172932#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "303 BC", "revid": 1354172932, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": 179, "year_label": "179 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Abgar IX the Great becomes King of Edessa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371305494#Asia", "title": "AD 179", "revid": 1371305494, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 195, "year_label": "195 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Roman province of Syria is divided and the role of Antioch is diminished. The Romans annex the Syrian cities of Edessa and Nisibis. Severus re-establishes his headquarters and the colonies there.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371314035#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 195", "revid": 1371314035, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 197, "year_label": "197 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "A Christian council is held in Edessa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371314350#Religion", "title": "AD 197", "revid": 1371314350, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 201, "year_label": "201 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "November", "text": "November – A flood in Edessa destroys a Christian church, killing over 2,000 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288485584#Religion", "title": "201", "revid": 1288485584, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 204, "year_label": "204 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The Daysan River floods Edessa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1262644787#Roman_Empire", "title": "204", "revid": 1262644787, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 232, "year_label": "232 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Relics of St. Thomas are brought to Edessa from India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371191236#Religion", "title": "232", "revid": 1371191236, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 259, "year_label": "259 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Valerian leads an army (70,000 men) to relieve Edessa, besieged by the forces of Persian King Shapur I. An outbreak of a plague kills many legionaries, weakening the Roman position in Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331138913#Roman_Empire", "title": "259", "revid": 1331138913, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 305, "year_label": "305 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The Daysan River floods Edessa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330171757#Asia", "title": "305", "revid": 1330171757, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 411, "year_label": "411 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Rabbula becomes bishop of Edessa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367645014#Religion", "title": "AD 411", "revid": 1367645014, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 415, "year_label": "415 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – The Daysan River floods Edessa, Mesopotamia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367501934#Asia", "title": "415", "revid": 1367501934, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 435, "year_label": "435 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Ibas is elected bishop of Edessa. He becomes associated with the growth of Nestorianism and openly preaching heretical doctrines in public.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339038049#Religion", "title": "435", "revid": 1339038049, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 525, "year_label": "525 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The Daisan river, tributary of the Euphrates, floods Edessa, and within a couple of hours fills the entire city except for the highest parts. Eventually the pent-up waters break through the city walls. The Shroud of Turin is allegedly discovered during the rebuilding of the city (see Image of Edessa).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340792024#Asia", "title": "525", "revid": 1340792024, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 526, "year_label": "526 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 30", "text": "October 30 – Paul of Edessa, Syriac Orthodox bishop of Edessa", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754141#Deaths", "title": "526", "revid": 1364754141, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 541, "year_label": "541 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Jacob Baradaeus becomes bishop of Edessa (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1299131059#Religion", "title": "541", "revid": 1299131059, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1031, "year_label": "1031 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Byzantine general George Maniakes captures Edessa from the Arab Muslims and stabilizes the eastern frontier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371210564#Middle_East", "title": "1031", "revid": 1371210564, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}]}