{"slug": "edirne", "label": "Edirne", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edirne", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43387", "qid": "Q43387", "description": "central district and city in Edirne Province, Turkey", "entries": 21, "years": 21, "span": [324, 1912], "span_label": ["324 CE", "1912 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 15}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "thrace", "label": "Thrace", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bulgars", "label": "Bulgars", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "isaac-ii-angelos", "label": "Isaac II Angelos", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "arabbyzantine-wars", "label": "Arab–Byzantine wars", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "dardanelles", "label": "Dardanelles", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pergamon", "label": "Pergamon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "walls-of-constantinople", "label": "Walls of Constantinople", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "abydos-hellespont", "label": "Abydos, Hellespont", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-land", "label": "Holy Land", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 324, "year_label": "324 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 3", "text": "July 3 – Battle of Adrianople: Emperor Constantine the Great defeats his rival Licinius near Adrianople, forcing him to retreat to Byzantium. Constantine then invades Thrace with a Visigothic force and raids the countryside.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364737678#Roman_Empire", "title": "324", "revid": 1364737678, "section": "Events › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 376, "year_label": "376 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Lupicinus attacks the Visigoths 9 miles outside Marcianople with hastily gathered local troops. His force (5,000 men) is annihilated and the Goths equip themselves with Roman armour and weapons. Fritigern marches south towards Adrianople (Turkey).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349204893#Roman_Empire", "title": "376", "revid": 1349204893, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 378, "year_label": "378 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gothic War: Valens sends Sebastian with a body of picked troops (2,000 men) to Thrace and renews the guerrilla war against the Goths. He chases down small groups of Gothic raiders around Adrianople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1309998773#Roman_Empire", "title": "378", "revid": 1309998773, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 717, "year_label": "717 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab–Byzantine War: Muslim general Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik leads his army of 80,000 men from Pergamum to Abydos, where he crosses the Hellespont. To prevent interference by the Bulgars, or by any Byzantine forces in Thrace, he sends part of his army to a covering position near Adrianople; with his main body, Maslama builds siege lines to blockade Constantinople, which is protected by the massive Theodosian Walls.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808622#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "717", "revid": 1340808622, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 811, "year_label": "811 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Stauracius is installed as emperor at Adrianople (the first time a Byzantine emperor is crowned outside Constantinople). Because of a sword wound near his neck (during the Battle of Pliska), Stauracius is paralyzed. The imperial court is split between the noble factions of his wife Theophano and his sister Prokopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366655051#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "811", "revid": 1366655051, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 813, "year_label": "813 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – Battle of Versinikia: The Bulgars, led by Krum, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire, defeat Emperor Michael I near Edirne (modern Turkey). The Byzantine army (26,000 men) is destroyed by a counter-attack of Bulgarian heavy cavalry, while trapped in the valley. Krum captures the Byzantine camp and a rich prize, including gold and weaponry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340940841#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "813", "revid": 1340940841, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 914, "year_label": "914 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Byzantine–Bulgarian War: Simeon I, with the Bulgarian army, invades the themes of Thrace and Macedonia. Simultaneously, the Bulgarian troops penetrate into the regions of Dyrrhachium and Thessalonica to the west. Thrace's largest and most important city, Adrianople (modern Turkey), is besieged and captured. However, the Byzantines promptly regain the city in exchange for a huge ransom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355643516#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "914", "revid": 1355643516, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1047, "year_label": "1047 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25–28 – Rebel general Leo Tornikios (a nephew of Emperor Constantine IX) proclaims himself emperor at Adrianople, and besieges Constantinople. Byzantine troops personally led by Constantine repel him, and re-occupy the walls. Tornikios is forced to withdraw, while his followers start to abandon him. Finally, he is captured at a church in Boulgarophygon (modern Turkey), and is publicly blinded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368550348#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1047", "revid": 1368550348, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1187, "year_label": "1187 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor Isaac II (Angelos) sends a Byzantine expeditionary force under Alexios Branas to suppress the Vlach-Bulgarian Rebellion – but Alexios revolts against Isaac and is proclaimed emperor in Andrianople. He musters troops and advances on Constantinople in an attempt to seize it. However, Alexios is unable to bypass the city defenses and is defeated by the imperial forces led by Conrad of Montferrat, the emperor's brother-in-law. On the battlefield, Alexios is beheaded by Conrad's supporting footsoldiers and the rebel army flees the field.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187098#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1187", "revid": 1369187098, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1190, "year_label": "1190 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – A German expeditionary force (some 15,000 men) led by Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) marches towards Constantinople, on the way to the Holy Land. Emperor Isaac II (Angelos), suspicious that Frederick is planning to conquer Constantinople, attempts to stop him by attacking the Crusaders. The German forces are too strong and they capture Adrianople. A peace treaty is signed by both Isaac and Frederick, that ensures the Germans are given supplies, and free passage through to Palestina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650742#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1190", "revid": 1368650742, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1203, "year_label": "1203 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August", "text": "August–October – Alexios IV leads a Crusader expedition (some 6,000 men) to extend his central-government control, against the fugitive Alexios III in Thrace. Meanwhile, a Crusader fleet operates in the Sea of Marmara in support of the Thracian campaign. The Crusaders seize several towns, including Adrianople, while Alexios escapes and withdraws to Macedonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187440#Fourth_Crusade", "title": "1203", "revid": 1369187440, "section": "Events › By place › Fourth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1205, "year_label": "1205 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March", "text": "March – Byzantine officials in Adrianople revolt and expel Latin administrators, requesting Bulgarian support from Kaloyan, ruler (tsar) of the Bulgarian Empire, against Baldwin I who assembles an army (some 40,000 men) and marches to aid the Byzantines. Meanwhile, Baldwin sets out from Constantinople in force, he arrives at Adrianople and promptly begins to siege the city by the end of March.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624697#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1205", "revid": 1357624697, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1254, "year_label": "1254 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Adrianople: Byzantine forces under Emperor Theodore II Laskaris defeat the invading Bulgarians near Edirne (Adrianople). The young and inexperienced Tsar Michael II Asen is caught by surprise and the Bulgarians suffer heavy losses. Michael is wounded during his hasty retreat through the forest.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296887805#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1254", "revid": 1296887805, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1321, "year_label": "1321 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – At Easter, the Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328 breaks out in the Byzantine Empire as Co-Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos flees Constantinople to Adrianople, where he sets up his court and initiates an uprising against his grandfather, the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos. The 24-year-old Andronikos is joined by Theodore Synadenos and John Kantakouzenos in the rebellion. Syrgiannes Palaiologos leads an expeditionary army towards the capital, forcing the emperor to negotiate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355655788#April_–_June", "title": "1321", "revid": 1355655788, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1362, "year_label": "1362 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Ottomans capture Philippopolis (or in 1364, 1371) and Adrianopole (the modern-day city of Edirne, or in 1369) from the Byzantine Empire, reducing its territory to the city of Constantinople, part of the Peloponessus, and some islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360556919#Date_unknown", "title": "1362", "revid": 1360556919, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1410, "year_label": "1410 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – Ottoman Interregnum: Süleyman Çelebi defeats his brother Musa Çelebi outside the Ottoman capital, Edirne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1337551949#July–September", "title": "1410", "revid": 1337551949, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1411, "year_label": "1411 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 17", "text": "February 17 – Ottoman Interregnum: Süleyman Çelebi, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, is strangled to death after being forced by his brother Musa Çelebi, to flee the Ottoman capital, Edirne. Rule of the Ottoman domains in Europe (Rumelia) passes to Musa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354941251#January–March", "title": "1411", "revid": 1354941251, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1449, "year_label": "1449 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 15", "text": "December 15 – The Ottoman Empire Sultan Mehmed II marries Sittişah Hatun, daughter of Suleiman of Dulkadir, in an elaborate ceremony at Edirne, followed by three months of celebrations.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365251873#October–December", "title": "1449", "revid": 1365251873, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1513, "year_label": "1513 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 17", "text": "October 17 – At Edirne, the Ottoman sultan Selim II confirms the renewal of peace treaties with Venice, under terms that are accepted by the Venetian government on December 3.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363949569#October–December", "title": "1513", "revid": 1363949569, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1752, "year_label": "1752 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 30", "text": "July 30 - An earthquake occurred in Edirne and affected the region all the way to Bulgaria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362993688#July–September", "title": "1752", "revid": 1362993688, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1912, "year_label": "1912 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "October 16", "text": "October 16 – Bulgarian pilots Radul Minkov and Prodan Toprakchiev perform the second bombing with an airplane in history, at the railway station of Karaagac near Edirne, against Turkey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373503730#October", "title": "1912", "revid": 1373503730, "section": "Events › October"}}]}