{"slug": "edward-ii", "label": "Edward II", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5236", "qid": "Q5236", "description": "King of England from 1307 to 1327", "entries": 27, "years": 21, "span": [1284, 1355], "span_label": ["1284 CE", "1355 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 8}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 4}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "edward-i-of-england", "label": "Edward I of England", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-scotland", "label": "Kingdom of Scotland", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "robert-the-bruce", "label": "Robert the Bruce", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "york", "label": "York", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "berwick-upon-tweed", "label": "Berwick-upon-Tweed", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bordeaux", "label": "Bordeaux", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "philip-iv-of-france", "label": "Philip IV of France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gascony", "label": "Gascony", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "westminster-abbey", "label": "Westminster Abbey", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "essex", "label": "Essex", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1284, "year_label": "1284 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "April 25", "text": "April 25 – Edward II, king of England (d. 1327)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370723758#Births", "title": "1284", "revid": 1370723758, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1289, "year_label": "1289 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Summer – King Edward I (Longshanks) proposes a marriage between his infant son, Edward of Caernarfon, and the 6-year-old Margaret (Maid of Norway).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332007955#Britain", "title": "1289", "revid": 1332007955, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 1297, "year_label": "1297 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – King Edward I of England makes an appeal outside Westminster Hall for support for the war against France. He apologizes for the high tax demands he has previously levied. Edward asks the Barons (some 1,500 knights) to swear allegiance to his 12-year-old son, Prince Edward of Caernarfon. Aware of the dangers of the opposition to his power, Edward appears before a large crowd and receives total loyalty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359692211#British_Isles", "title": "1297", "revid": 1359692211, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1301, "year_label": "1301 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 7", "text": "February 7 – The 16-year-old Prince Edward of Caernarfon, son and heir of King Edward I (\"Edward Longshanks\"), becomes the first English Prince of Wales and is also granted the royal lands in Wales.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694592#January–_March", "title": "1301", "revid": 1361694592, "section": "Events › January– March"}}, {"year": 1301, "year_label": "1301 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 2", "text": "September 2 – In their invasion of Scotland, English troops under the command of Prince Edward of Caernarfon and Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, capture Turnberry Castle in Carrick, the headquarters of the Bruces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694592#July–_September", "title": "1301", "revid": 1361694592, "section": "Events › July– September"}}, {"year": 1303, "year_label": "1303 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 20", "text": "May 20 – Treaty of Paris: King Philip the Fair of France signs a peace treaty with Edward Longshanks, King of England. According to the terms of the treaty, Gascony is restored to England – as well as the cities of Bordeaux and Bayonne. In return, Edward swears allegiance to Philip as his vassal and agrees that Philipp's daughter, Isabella of France, be married to his son Edward of Caernarfon, until she is old enough.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360891664#April–June", "title": "1303", "revid": 1360891664, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1307, "year_label": "1307 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – King Edward I of England, known as Edward Longshanks, dies at Burgh by Sands after a 34-year reign. He is succeeded by his son 23-year-old Edward II, who becomes new ruler of England. After his death Edward's body is embalmed and transported to Waltham Abbey in Essex. Here it lay unburied for several weeks so that people can come and see the body lying in state. After this, Edward is taken to Westminster Abbey for a proper burial on October 28.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332007828#July_–_September", "title": "1307", "revid": 1332007828, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1309, "year_label": "1309 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – King Edward II summons a council to meet at York, but several nobles (the earls of Lancaster, Lincoln, Warwick, Oxford and Arundel) refuse to attend due to Piers Gaveston's attendance. Since he returned from exile, Gaveston tries to alienate the nobles from the king.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359759809#October_–_December", "title": "1309", "revid": 1359759809, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1310, "year_label": "1310 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 9", "text": "February 9 – At Dublin, acting in his capacity as Lord of Ireland, King Edward II of England (as Éadbhard II Shasana, Tiarna Éireann) opens the first session of the Parliament of Ireland during his administration. The Irish Parliament will hold 14 sessions before being dismissed in 1326.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018292#January_–_March", "title": "1310", "revid": 1332018292, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1310, "year_label": "1310 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 1", "text": "October 1 – Writing from Kildrum, King Robert the Bruce of Scotland attempts to establish peace talks with King Edward II of England (who is encamped in Scotland at Biggar) but Edward refuses to negotiate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018292#October_–_December", "title": "1310", "revid": 1332018292, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1310, "year_label": "1310 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 20", "text": "September 20 – King Edward II of England reaches Roxburgh after starting his invasion of the Kingdom of Scotland \"in the third week of September\". The campaign is fruitless, even though English forces under Piers Gaveston manage to reach as far north as Perth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018292#July_–_September", "title": "1310", "revid": 1332018292, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1311, "year_label": "1311 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – The Parliament of England presents the Ordinances of 1311 to King Edward II (document dated 5 October; published on 11 October); these substitute the 21 Lord Ordainers for the King as the effective government of the country.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018282#July_–_September", "title": "1311", "revid": 1332018282, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1311, "year_label": "1311 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "October 11", "text": "October 11 – The Ordinances of 1311 are published in England by King Edward II, restricting the power of the monarchs of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018282#October_–_December", "title": "1311", "revid": 1332018282, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1312, "year_label": "1312 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 13", "text": "January 13 – English royal favourite Piers Gaveston, having returned secretly from two months exile on the continent, is reunited, probably at Knaresborough Castle, with King Edward II, who on January 18 restores all Gaveston's confiscated lands to him. They plan to travel to Scotland to seek help from King Robert the Bruce.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362487312#January_–_March", "title": "1312", "revid": 1362487312, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1314, "year_label": "1314 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – First War of Scottish Independence: English forces led by King Edward II leave Berwick-upon-Tweed to march to break the Scottish siege of Stirling Castle. They cross the River Tweed at Wark and Coldstream and march west across the flat Merse of Berwickshire towards Lauderdale. In Earlston, Edward uses an old Roman road through the Lammermuir Hills, practical for the wheeled transport of a long supply train as well as the cavalry and infantry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373434387#April_–_June", "title": "1314", "revid": 1373434387, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1315, "year_label": "1315 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 2", "text": "January 2 – King Edward II of England buries his friend Piers Gaveston (executed 1312) having secured a papal absolution in one of the last acts of Pope Clement V. The burial takes place somewhere near the King's Langley Priory in Hertfordshire, but the location of the tomb is subsequently forgotten. Gaveston had been excommunicated before his death.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018303#January_–_March", "title": "1315", "revid": 1332018303, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1315, "year_label": "1315 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – King Louis X of France mobilizes an army along the Flemish border. He prohibits the export of grain and other goods to Flanders – which proves challenging to enforce. Louis pressures officers of the Church at the borderlands, as well as King Edward II, to support his effort to prevent Spanish merchant vessels from trading with the embargoed Flemish cities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018303#July_–_September", "title": "1315", "revid": 1332018303, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1316, "year_label": "1316 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 28", "text": "January 28 – Llywelyn Bren leads a revolt against English rule in Wales. After disregarding an order to appear before King Edward II, Llywelyn Bren raises a rebel army and lays siege to Caerphilly Castle. The revolt spreads throughout the south Wear Cove (the Wales valley), and other castles are attacked. Edward sends an expeditionary force led by Humphrey de Bohun to suppress the rebellion. In March, after a battle at Morgraig Castle Llywelyn Bren is forced to break off the Caerphilly siege after six weeks and surrenders on March 18.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018310#January_–_March", "title": "1316", "revid": 1332018310, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1317, "year_label": "1317 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 13", "text": "May 13 – King Edward II restores the dower lands that had been surrendered by Margaret de Clare, widow of Piers Gaveston.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368785088#April_–_June", "title": "1317", "revid": 1368785088, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1318, "year_label": "1318 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 2", "text": "April 2 – After a two-day battle, Scottish forces under James the Black retake Berwick-upon-Tweed. The fall of Berwick is a severe blow for King Edward II, and its loss is compounded by the fall of the Northumbrian castles of Wark-on-Tweed (Carham Castle), Harbottle and Mitford.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361981975#April_–_June", "title": "1318", "revid": 1361981975, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1321, "year_label": "1321 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 14", "text": "August 14 – King Edward II of England agrees to the demands from his barons to send Hugh Despenser the Elder and his son Hugh Despenser the Younger into exile. The Despensers helped Edward in the administration of his financial and land management affairs. This gives them both the opportunity to frustrate the ambitions of the barons and also the chance to enrich themselves.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355655788#July_–_September", "title": "1321", "revid": 1355655788, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1322, "year_label": "1322 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – \"Despenser War\": Battle of Burton Bridge – King Edward II of England orders an attack on the fortified positions of the Contrariant army under his cousin Thomas of Lancaster at Walton-on-Trent in the Midlands. Thomas is heavily outnumbered and decides to withdraw, but is pursued by Edward's troops. He escapes with the remnants of his army to Tutbury Castle and evades Edward's patrols to cross the flooded River Dove. Finally, Thomas makes his way northwards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350577150#January_–_March", "title": "1322", "revid": 1350577150, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1323, "year_label": "1323 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 30", "text": "May 30 – King Edward II of England makes a 13-year truce with Scotland at York. Despite the truce, Edward refuses to accept Robert the Bruce as ruler of an independent Scottish kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018212#April_–_June", "title": "1323", "revid": 1332018212, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1326, "year_label": "1326 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 24", "text": "September 24 – Invasion of England: Isabella of France and her supporters (including Roger Mortimer) land at the River Orwell in Suffolk. Their aim is to remove King Edward II from his throne and place Prince Edward there as the new ruler. Meanwhile, residing at the Tower of London, Edward tries to raise support in the capital, but instead, there is anarchy in London and mobs killing Edward's officials (including his treasurer, Walter de Stapledon).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367237136#July_–_September", "title": "1326", "revid": 1367237136, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1327, "year_label": "1327 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – Edward II is moved to Berkeley Castle in Gloucestershire. He is kept under the custody of Roger Mortimer's son-in-law, Thomas Berkeley and John Maltravers, who are given £5 a day to look after him. Despite records showing luxury goods being bought for him, Edward is possibly mistreated by his captors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367267747#April_–_June", "title": "1327", "revid": 1367267747, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1327, "year_label": "1327 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – Imprisoned in Warwickshire, King Edward II of England is forced to abdicate by his estranged wife, Queen Isabella, and her lover, Roger Mortimer.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367267747#January_–_March", "title": "1327", "revid": 1367267747, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1355, "year_label": "1355 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 22", "text": "April 22 – Eleanor of Woodstock, countess regent of Guelders, eldest daughter of King Edward II of England (b. 1318)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357199170#Deaths", "title": "1355", "revid": 1357199170, "section": "Deaths"}}]}