{"slug": "elizabeth-i", "label": "Elizabeth I", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7207", "qid": "Q7207", "description": "Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 to 1603  (1533-1603)", "entries": 48, "years": 32, "span": [1531, 1616], "span_label": ["1531 CE", "1616 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 10}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 8}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 6}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "mary-queen-of-scots", "label": "Mary, Queen of Scots", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "francis-drake", "label": "Francis Drake", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "henry-viii", "label": "Henry VIII", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "church-of-england", "label": "Church of England", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-scotland", "label": "Kingdom of Scotland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "james-vi-and-i", "label": "James VI and I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ireland", "label": "Ireland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "november", "label": "November", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "palace-of-whitehall", "label": "Palace of Whitehall", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1531, "year_label": "1531 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "November 18", "text": "November 18 – Roberto di Ridolfi, Italian conspirator against Elizabeth I of England (d. 1612)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359939156#Births", "title": "1531", "revid": 1359939156, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1533, "year_label": "1533 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII of England gives birth to a daughter, at Greenwich, a little more than three months after she and Henry were married. The King's second daughter, Elizabeth, will become the reigning monarch of England 25 years later and rule for more than 44 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359627731#July–September", "title": "1533", "revid": 1359627731, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1543, "year_label": "1543 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – King Henry VIII of England marries Catherine Parr. It is Henry's sixth and last marriage and Catherine's third. Princess Elizabeth attends the wedding. This month, the Parliament of England passes the Third Succession Act, restoring the Princesses Mary and Elizabeth, Henry's daughters, to the line of succession to the English throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369357899#July–September", "title": "1543", "revid": 1369357899, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1546, "year_label": "1546 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 30", "text": "December 30 – Less than a month before his death, King Henry VIII of England revises his last will and testament and designates his preference for the line of succession to the throne. The first four people on the list serve as monarchs at different times, starting with Edward VI (1547-1553), Mary I (1553-1558) and Elizabeth I (1558-1603). The fourth in the line of succession, Lady Jane Grey, reigns for nine days after the death of Edward before Mary assumes the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368296265#October—December", "title": "1546", "revid": 1368296265, "section": "Events › October—December"}}, {"year": 1554, "year_label": "1554 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – Princess Elizabeth is imprisoned in the Tower of London on charges of working with the organizers of Wyatt's rebellion for the overthrow of Queen Mary of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366649182#January–March", "title": "1554", "revid": 1366649182, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1554, "year_label": "1554 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – Elizabeth is released from the Tower of London, although she continues to be confined at home after she is cleared of suspicion of conspiracy to overthrow the government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366649182#April–June", "title": "1554", "revid": 1366649182, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1558, "year_label": "1558 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – Queen Mary, a devout Roman Catholic dies of uterine cancer at the age of 42, and is succeeded by her younger half-sister Elizabeth, an adherent to the Protestant Church of England, beginning the Elizabethan era in British history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368141988#October–December", "title": "1558", "revid": 1368141988, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1558, "year_label": "1558 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 6", "text": "November 6 – On her deathbed, Queen Mary of England designates her half-sister, Elizabeth, as her successor. Both Mary and Elizabeth are daughters of the late King Henry VIII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368141988#October–December", "title": "1558", "revid": 1368141988, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1559, "year_label": "1559 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 27", "text": "February 27 – Queen Elizabeth I establishes the Church of England, with the Act of Uniformity 1558 and the Act of Supremacy 1558. The Oath of Supremacy is reinstated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794840#January–March", "title": "1559", "revid": 1366794840, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1559, "year_label": "1559 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – Queen Elizabeth I of England gives royal assent to the Act of Supremacy 1558 (requiring any person taking public or church office in England to swear allegiance to the English monarch as Supreme Governor of the Church of England) and to the Act of Uniformity 1558 (requiring all persons in England to attend Anglican services on penalty of a fine for noncompliance).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794840#April–June", "title": "1559", "revid": 1366794840, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1561, "year_label": "1561 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – Queen Elizabeth of England summons the Ambassador from Spain, Álvaro de la Quadra, for a private audience to ask how the Spanish government would react if she were to marry Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, who had recently lost his wife Amy Robsart in a questionable accident.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358043209#January–March", "title": "1561", "revid": 1358043209, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1562, "year_label": "1562 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – Thomas Norton and Thomas Sackville's play Gorboduc is performed for the first time, before Queen Elizabeth I of England. It is the first known English tragedy, and the first English language play to employ blank verse.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000458#January–March", "title": "1562", "revid": 1362000458, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1562, "year_label": "1562 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 6", "text": "January 6 – Shane O'Neill of Tír Eoghain pleads his cause at the Palace of Whitehall in London, before Queen Elizabeth I of England, who recognises his status. He returns to Ireland on May 26, and resumes his rebellious activities by November.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000458#January–March", "title": "1562", "revid": 1362000458, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1562, "year_label": "1562 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – At dinner at Dunfermline Castle, Mary, Queen of Scots, displays a gold ring set with a heart shaped diamond from her collection and declares that she will send it to Queen Elizabeth of England as a gift and a possible summit conference in the future.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000458#April–June", "title": "1562", "revid": 1362000458, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1562, "year_label": "1562 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 20", "text": "September 20 – The Treaty of Hampton Court, between Queen Elizabeth I of England and Huguenot leader Louis I, Prince of Condé, is signed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000458#July–September", "title": "1562", "revid": 1362000458, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1563, "year_label": "1563 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – Elizabeth College, Guernsey is founded, by order of Queen Elizabeth I of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164885#April–June", "title": "1563", "revid": 1369164885, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1565, "year_label": "1565 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 6", "text": "August 6 – Sark, in the Channel Islands, is granted as a fief by Elizabeth I of England to Hellier de Carteret, Seigneur of Saint Ouen.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323811827#July–September", "title": "1565", "revid": 1323811827, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1565, "year_label": "1565 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 18", "text": "July 18 – Kat Ashley, governess of Elizabeth I of England", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323811827#Deaths", "title": "1565", "revid": 1323811827, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1568, "year_label": "1568 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 23", "text": "December 23 – Roger Ascham, tutor of Elizabeth I of England (b. 1515)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362476556#Deaths", "title": "1568", "revid": 1362476556, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1568, "year_label": "1568 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 16", "text": "May 16 – Mary, Queen of Scots, flees across the Solway Firth from Scotland to England but on May 19 is placed in custody in Carlisle Castle on the orders of Queen Elizabeth I, her cousin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362476556#April–June", "title": "1568", "revid": 1362476556, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1569, "year_label": "1569 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15 – Catherine Carey, English lady-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth I (b. 1524)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794933#Deaths", "title": "1569", "revid": 1366794933, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1569, "year_label": "1569 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 – The Rising of the North begins in England as the Earl of Westmorland and the Earl of Northumberland, both Catholic nobles, set off from Brancepeth Castle in County Durham with 700 men, in hopes of overthrowing Queen Elizabeth I and placing the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, on the English throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366794933#October–December", "title": "1569", "revid": 1366794933, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1570, "year_label": "1570 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – Pope Pius V excommunicates Queen Elizabeth I of England, and all persons who show allegiance to her, with the bull Regnans in Excelsis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362475955#April–June", "title": "1570", "revid": 1362475955, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1570, "year_label": "1570 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – Pope Pius V excommunicated Queen Elizabeth I of England with the papal bull Regnans in Excelsis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362475955#January–March", "title": "1570", "revid": 1362475955, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1571, "year_label": "1571 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 – Jesus College is established \"within the City and University of Oxford of Queen Elizabeth's foundation\" in England, by Welsh cleric and lawyer Hugh Price.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369367955#April–June", "title": "1571", "revid": 1369367955, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1572, "year_label": "1572 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – Elizabeth I of England issues a proclamation which revokes all commissions, on account of the frauds which they had fostered.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370792520#January–March", "title": "1572", "revid": 1370792520, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1572, "year_label": "1572 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 19", "text": "February 19 – Harrow School is founded, with a royal charter from Queen Elizabeth I of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370792520#January–March", "title": "1572", "revid": 1370792520, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1575, "year_label": "1575 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "January 21", "text": "January 21 – Queen Elizabeth I of England grants a monopoly on producing printed sheet music, to Thomas Tallis and William Byrd.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362481402#January–March", "title": "1575", "revid": 1362481402, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1579, "year_label": "1579 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – James FitzMaurice FitzGerald lands with a small force of Irish, Spanish, and Italian troops at Smerwick, on the Dingle Peninsula in south-western Ireland, and commences the Second Desmond Rebellion against the rule in Ireland of Elizabeth I of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362792771#July–September", "title": "1579", "revid": 1362792771, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1579, "year_label": "1579 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – Francis Drake, during his circumnavigation of the world, lands in modern-day California, which he claims for Queen Elizabeth I. With an English claim here and in Newfoundland, it becomes the basis for English colonial charters which will claim all land from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from \"sea to sea.\" Drake's claim is called Nova Albion (New England), and subsequent maps will show all lands north of New Spain and New Mexico under this name.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362792771#April–June", "title": "1579", "revid": 1362792771, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1581, "year_label": "1581 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – Following his circumnavigation of the world, Francis Drake is knighted by Elizabeth I of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478489#April–June", "title": "1581", "revid": 1362478489, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1583, "year_label": "1583 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – Francis Throckmorton, instigator of the Throckmorton Plot to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I of England, is arrested. Convicted of treason, he is executed on July 10, 1584.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363312090#October–December", "title": "1583", "revid": 1363312090, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1585, "year_label": "1585 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 14", "text": "August 14 – Queen Elizabeth I of England agrees to establish a protectorate over the Netherlands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365931198#July–September", "title": "1585", "revid": 1365931198, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1587, "year_label": "1587 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 8", "text": "February 8 – Mary, Queen of Scots, the monarch of Scotland from 1542 to 1567, is beheaded in front of 300 witnesses at Fotheringhay Castle, seven days after the signing of a death warrant by her cousin, Queen Elizabeth of England. Mary has been convicted of treason for her role in the Babington Plot, a conspiracy to overthrow the English government and to assassinate Elizabeth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478812#January–March", "title": "1587", "revid": 1362478812, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1587, "year_label": "1587 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – English sailor Sir Francis Drake accepts a privateering commission from Queen Elizabeth to disrupt shipping routes in order to slow supplies from Italy and Andalucia to Lisbon, to trouble enemy fleets in their home ports, to capture Spanish treasure ships and to attack the Spanish Armada if it were to sail for England. On 12 April, his fleet sails from Plymouth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478812#January–March", "title": "1587", "revid": 1362478812, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1588, "year_label": "1588 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I of England is created, to celebrate the English defeat of the Spanish Armada, and to assert the strength of Elizabeth herself.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362479687#Unknown", "title": "1588", "revid": 1362479687, "section": "Events › Unknown"}}, {"year": 1590, "year_label": "1590 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 12", "text": "February 12 – Blanche Parry, personal attendant to Elizabeth I of England (b. c. 1508)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164716#Deaths", "title": "1590", "revid": 1369164716, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1591, "year_label": "1591 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – Poet Edmund Spenser is granted an annual pension of 50 pounds sterling by Queen Elizabeth I of England in recognition of his publication of The Faerie Queen. The pension is paid in quarterly installments of 12s. 10d. on March 25, June 24, September 29 and December 25.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358075583#January–March", "title": "1591", "revid": 1358075583, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1591, "year_label": "1591 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – Sir John Norreys, with an expeditionary force sent by Queen Elizabeth I of England, takes the town of Guingamp in Brittany after a brief siege, on behalf of Henry of Navarre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358075583#April–June", "title": "1591", "revid": 1358075583, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1592, "year_label": "1592 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, chief adviser of Queen Elizabeth I of England, is taken seriously ill.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362477183#Date_unknown", "title": "1592", "revid": 1362477183, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1593, "year_label": "1593 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Irish pirate queen Grace O'Malley meets with Queen Elizabeth I of England at Greenwich.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351972668#Date_unknown", "title": "1593", "revid": 1351972668, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1599, "year_label": "1599 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, by Queen Elizabeth I of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373325746#January–March", "title": "1599", "revid": 1373325746, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1601, "year_label": "1601 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 8", "text": "February 8 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, longtime favourite of Queen Elizabeth I of England, begins a rebellion against the Queen. The revolt is crushed the next day. The Earl of Essex and Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton are arrested and charged with treason. Essex confesses to the plot and then implicates his co-conspirators.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369165918#January–March", "title": "1601", "revid": 1369165918, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1601, "year_label": "1601 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 27", "text": "October 27 – The 10th Parliament of Elizabeth I is opened by Queen Elizabeth I of England. It serves until December 19.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369165918#October–December", "title": "1601", "revid": 1369165918, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1603, "year_label": "1603 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 28", "text": "April 28 – The funeral of Elizabeth I of England is held in Westminster Abbey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656830#April–June", "title": "1603", "revid": 1366656830, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1603, "year_label": "1603 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 24", "text": "March 24 – Queen Elizabeth I of England dies at Richmond Palace (having ruled since 1558). She is succeeded by her first cousin twice removed, King James VI of Scotland (where he has ruled since 1567), uniting the crowns of Scotland and England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656830#January–March", "title": "1603", "revid": 1366656830, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1608, "year_label": "1608 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 21", "text": "December 21 – William Davison, secretary to Queen Elizabeth I of England (b. c. 1541)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352783723#October–December", "title": "1608", "revid": 1352783723, "section": "Deaths › October–December"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "November 6", "text": "November 6 – Captain William Murray is granted a royal patent, giving him the sole privilege of importing tobacco to Scotland for a period of 21 years. Continuing from the reign of Elizabeth I, the creation of grants and patents reaches a new highwater mark from 1614 to 1621, during the reign of James I of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#November-December", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › November-December"}}]}