{"slug": "empire-of-trebizond", "label": "Empire of Trebizond", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Trebizond", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178913", "qid": "Q178913", "description": "Byzantine Greek state on Black Sea coast", "entries": 24, "years": 21, "span": [1182, 1461], "span_label": ["1182 CE", "1461 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 12}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Births", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "october", "label": "October", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sultanate-of-rum", "label": "Sultanate of Rum", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "black-sea", "label": "Black Sea", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "empire-of-nicaea", "label": "Empire of Nicaea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nicaea", "label": "Nicaea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "despotate-of-epirus", "label": "Despotate of Epirus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mehmed-ii", "label": "Mehmed II", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1182, "year_label": "1182 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Alexios I (Megas Komnenos), emperor of Trebizond (d. 1222)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362172586#Births", "title": "1182", "revid": 1362172586, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1204, "year_label": "1204 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Theodore I Laskaris flees to Nicaea after the capture of Constantinople, and establishes the Empire of Nicaea; Byzantine successor states are also established in Epirus and Trebizond.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361051821#Events", "title": "1204", "revid": 1361051821, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1214, "year_label": "1214 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – Siege of Sinope: The Seljuk Turks under Sultan Kaykaus I capture the strategic Black Sea port city of Sinope – at the time held by the Empire of Trebizond (one of the Byzantine successor states formed after the Fourth Crusade). Emperor Alexios I of Trebizond leads an army to break the siege, but he is defeated and captured. His capture forces the Byzantines to accept tributary status to Kaykaus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1329586748#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1214", "revid": 1329586748, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1222, "year_label": "1222 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 1", "text": "February 1 – Alexios Megas Komnenos, first Emperor of Trebizond", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371224827#Deaths", "title": "1222", "revid": 1371224827, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1235, "year_label": "1235 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Andronikos I Gidos, Emperor of Trebizond", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362483906#Deaths", "title": "1235", "revid": 1362483906, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1243, "year_label": "1243 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – Battle of Köse Dağ: The Mongols under Baiju Noyan defeat the Seljuk Turks of the Sultanate of Rum and their Byzantine allies. The Seljuks and the Empire of Trebizond become vassals of the Mongols.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367489265#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1243", "revid": 1367489265, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1256, "year_label": "1256 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October", "text": "October – Mongol forces led by Baiju Noyan (operating under Hulagu Khan's command) win a victory over Kaykaus II, Seljuk ruler of the Sultanate of Rum, and capture Anatolia. Kaykaus flees to the Byzantine court where he seeks refuge at Constantinople. The Empire of Trebizond fearing a potential punitive Mongol expedition, becomes a vassal state and is forced to pay a tribute tax every year in gold and silk.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350995211#Mongol_Empire", "title": "1256", "revid": 1350995211, "section": "Events › By place › Mongol Empire"}}, {"year": 1262, "year_label": "1262 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "John II (Megas Komnenos), emperor of Trebizond (d. 1297)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275696322#Births", "title": "1262", "revid": 1275696322, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1263, "year_label": "1263 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Manuel I (Megas Komnenos), emperor of Trebizond", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296179530#Deaths", "title": "1263", "revid": 1296179530, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1282, "year_label": "1282 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Alexios II (\"Megas Komnenos\"), emperor of Trebizond (d. 1330)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359685493#Births", "title": "1282", "revid": 1359685493, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1297, "year_label": "1297 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – John II, Byzantine emperor of Trebizond (b. 1262)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359692211#Deaths", "title": "1297", "revid": 1359692211, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1321, "year_label": "1321 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "John III of Trebizond (\"Megas Komnenos\"), Emperor of Trebizond (d. 1362)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355655788#Births", "title": "1321", "revid": 1355655788, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1330, "year_label": "1330 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 3", "text": "May 3 – Alexios II Megas Komnenos, Emperor of Trebizond (b. 1282)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350440644#Deaths", "title": "1330", "revid": 1350440644, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1332, "year_label": "1332 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 8", "text": "January 8 – Andronikos III Megas Komnenos, Emperor of Trebizond", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1272872485#Deaths", "title": "1332", "revid": 1272872485, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1340, "year_label": "1340 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – Emperor Basil Megas Komnenos of Trebizond", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319621241#Deaths", "title": "1340", "revid": 1319621241, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1342, "year_label": "1342 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – John III of Trebizond (John III Comnenus) becomes emperor of Trebizond.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358078138#January–December", "title": "1342", "revid": 1358078138, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1342, "year_label": "1342 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – Anna Anachoutlou, Empress of Trebizond", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358078138#Deaths", "title": "1342", "revid": 1358078138, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1390, "year_label": "1390 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 20", "text": "March 20 – Manuel III succeeds his father, Alexios III, as Emperor of Trebizond (now north eastern Turkey).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631980#January–March", "title": "1390", "revid": 1371631980, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1390, "year_label": "1390 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 20", "text": "March 20 – Alexios III Megas Komnenos, Emperor of Trebizond (b. 1338)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631980#Deaths", "title": "1390", "revid": 1371631980, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1417, "year_label": "1417 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – Manuel III Megas Komnenos, Emperor of Trebizond (b. 1364)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368829183#Deaths", "title": "1417", "revid": 1368829183, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1417, "year_label": "1417 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – Alexios IV becomes the new Emperor of Trebizond (located in what is now Turkey along the Black Sea) upon the death of his father, Manuel III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368829183#January–March", "title": "1417", "revid": 1368829183, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1429, "year_label": "1429 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October", "text": "October – Alexios IV Megas Komnenos, Empire of Trebizond (b. 1382)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320610#Deaths", "title": "1429", "revid": 1351320610, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1460, "year_label": "1460 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – The siege of Trebizond, the capital of the Empire of Trebizond, is started by the Ottoman Empire. Franz Babinger, \"La date de la prise de Trébizonde par les Turcs (1461)\", Revue des études byzantines, 7 (1949), pp.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371496065#July–September", "title": "1460", "revid": 1371496065, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1461, "year_label": "1461 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – The Empire of Trebizond, the last major Romano-Greek outpost, falls to the Ottoman Empire under Mehmed II, after a 21-day siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365256665#July–September", "title": "1461", "revid": 1365256665, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}