{"slug": "english-language", "label": "English language", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860", "qid": "Q1860", "description": "West Germanic language", "entries": 12, "years": 12, "span": [1362, 1888], "span_label": ["1362 CE", "1888 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "french-language", "label": "French language", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-france", "label": "Kingdom of France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "henry-v-of-england", "label": "Henry V of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "palmyra", "label": "Palmyra", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "wales", "label": "Wales", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "march", "label": "March", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-testament", "label": "New Testament", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "latin", "label": "Latin", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edward-iii", "label": "Edward III", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1362, "year_label": "1362 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 13", "text": "October 13 – The Chancellor of England for the first time opens Parliament with a speech in English. Under Edward III, the Pleading in English Act makes English rather than Law French the official language in English law courts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360556919#January–December", "title": "1362", "revid": 1360556919, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1417, "year_label": "1417 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 12", "text": "August 12 – King Henry V of England begins using the English language in correspondence back to England from France, where he is leading a campaign, marking the beginning of this king's continuous usage of English in prose, and the beginning of the restoration of English as an official language for the first time since the Norman Conquest, some 350 years earlier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368829183#July–September", "title": "1417", "revid": 1368829183, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1475, "year_label": "1475 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye is the first book to be printed in English, by William Caxton in Bruges (or 1473–74?).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369334832#Date_unknown", "title": "1475", "revid": 1369334832, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1484, "year_label": "1484 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – William Caxton, the first printer of books in English, prints his translation of Aesop's Fables in London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346941150#January–March", "title": "1484", "revid": 1346941150, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1490, "year_label": "1490 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – English printer William Caxton prints his English language translation of the French book, Ars moriendi, which he renders as The art and crafte to knowe well to dye.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365746432#April–June", "title": "1490", "revid": 1365746432, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1557, "year_label": "1557 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Welsh-born mathematician Robert Recorde publishes The Whetstone of Witte in London, containing the first recorded use of the equals sign, and the first use in English of plus and minus signs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365955110#Date_unknown", "title": "1557", "revid": 1365955110, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1582, "year_label": "1582 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March", "text": "March – The New Testament of the Douai Bible, the translation into English by Father Gregory Martin from Latin of the New Testament, for use in the Roman Catholic Church, is published. Martin had started his work on October 16, 1578.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373325265#January–March", "title": "1582", "revid": 1373325265, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1733, "year_label": "1733 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 25", "text": "March 25 – English replaces Latin and Law French as the official language of English and Scottish courts following the enforcement of the Proceedings in Courts of Justice Act 1730.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358761924#January–March", "title": "1733", "revid": 1358761924, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1737, "year_label": "1737 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 1", "text": "September 1 – The oldest existing English language newspaper in the world, The News Letter, is founded in Belfast, Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367176390#July–September", "title": "1737", "revid": 1367176390, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1753, "year_label": "1753 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Robert Wood publishes The ruins of Palmyra; otherwise Tedmor in the desart in English and French, making the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra known to the West.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362641691#Date_unknown", "title": "1753", "revid": 1362641691, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1817, "year_label": "1817 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – Ram Mohan Roy and David Hare found Hindu College, Calcutta, offering instructions in English on Western subjects, including other European languages.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360260504#January–March", "title": "1817", "revid": 1360260504, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1888, "year_label": "1888 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Finnish epic Kalevala is published for the first time in the English language, by American linguist John Martin Crawford.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372679419#Date_unknown", "title": "1888", "revid": 1372679419, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}]}