{"slug": "ephesus", "label": "Ephesus", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephesus", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47611", "qid": "Q47611", "description": "ancient Greek city in Anatolia", "entries": 24, "years": 23, "span": [-549, 1304], "span_label": ["550 BCE", "1304 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 12}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "cilicia", "label": "Cilicia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "thrace", "label": "Thrace", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "asia-minor", "label": "Asia Minor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "lydia", "label": "Lydia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "achaemenid-empire", "label": "Achaemenid Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "lysander", "label": "Lysander", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ptolemy-ii-philadelphus", "label": "Ptolemy II Philadelphus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "miletus", "label": "Miletus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "antiochus-ii-theos", "label": "Antiochus II Theos", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ionia", "label": "Ionia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pergamon", "label": "Pergamon", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": -549, "year_label": "550 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Temple of Artemis is completed in Ephesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356470815#Events", "title": "550 BC", "revid": 1356470815, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -539, "year_label": "540 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Heraclitus, Greek philosopher, born in Ephesus (approximate year)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1210121752#Births", "title": "540 BC", "revid": 1210121752, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -497, "year_label": "498 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Athens and Eretria respond to the Ionian plea for help against Persia and send troops. An Athenian and Eretrian fleet transports Athenian troops to Ephesus. There they are joined by a force of Ionians and march upon Sardis, the capital of Artaphernes (the satrap of Lydia and brother to Darius I of Persia). Artaphernes, who has sent most of his troops to besiege Miletus, is taken by surprise. However, Artaphernes is able to retreat to the citadel and hold it. Although the Greeks are unable to take the citadel, they pillage the town and set fires that burn Sardis to the ground.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373138296#Greece", "title": "498 BC", "revid": 1373138296, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -408, "year_label": "409 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Athenian general, Thrasyllus, sails out from Athens with a sizable force to campaign in Ionia. There, he quickly captures Colophon and raids the Ionian countryside, but is defeated outside Ephesus by a combined Ephesian, Persian, and Syracusan force.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353486457#Greece", "title": "409 BC", "revid": 1353486457, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -407, "year_label": "408 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Spartan admiral Lysander arrives at Ephesus in autumn and builds up a great fleet with help from the new Persian satrap, Cyrus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303241146#Greece", "title": "408 BC", "revid": 1303241146, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -406, "year_label": "407 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Spartan admiral Lysander refuses to be lured out of Ephesus to do battle with Alcibiades. However, while Alcibiades is away seeking supplies, the Athenian squadron is placed under the command of Antiochus, his helmsman, who is routed by the Spartan fleet (with the help of the Persians under Cyrus) in the Battle of Notium (or Ephesus).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=996490221#Greece", "title": "407 BC", "revid": 996490221, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -399, "year_label": "400 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Thibron embarks his army at the Isthmus of Corinth and sails to Ephesus on the Ionian coast. Upon arrival, he recruits an additional 2,000 soldiers and starts his campaign against Tissaphernes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361270863#By_place", "title": "400 BC", "revid": 1361270863, "section": "Events › By place"}}, {"year": -355, "year_label": "356 BCE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 21", "text": "July 21 (traditional date) – The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus is burned down by a madman named Herostratus, destroying one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The great temple was built by Croesus, king of Lydia, in about 550 BC and was famous not only for its great size (110 metres by 55 metres), but also for the magnificent works of art that adorned it.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343819365#Architecture", "title": "356 BC", "revid": 1343819365, "section": "Events › By topic › Architecture"}}, {"year": -301, "year_label": "302 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "As Antigonus is finding his enemies closing in on him, a truce is made and the gains by Demetrius have to be abandoned. Demetrius reaches Ephesus to support his father.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372589595#Greece", "title": "302 BC", "revid": 1372589595, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -254, "year_label": "255 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In the Second Syrian War, Ptolemy II loses ground in Cilicia, Pamphylia, and Ionia, while Antiochus II regains Miletus and Ephesus. A peace is then concluded between Antiochus and Ptolemy under which Antiochus is to marry Ptolemy's daughter Berenice Syra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340601033#Egypt", "title": "255 BC", "revid": 1340601033, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -252, "year_label": "253 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The second Syrian War between the Seleucids and the Ptolemies ends. Antiochus II regains much of Anatolia from Ptolemy II, including the cities of Miletus and Ephesus, and also the Phoenician coast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172725#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "253 BC", "revid": 1354172725, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -240, "year_label": "241 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Peace is finally reached between Ptolemy III and Seleucus II. Ptolemy manages to keep the Orontes River region in Syria and Antioch as well as Ephesus in Asia Minor and Thrace and Cilicia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1304843215#Egypt", "title": "241 BC", "revid": 1304843215, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -194, "year_label": "195 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Tensions between Antiochus III and Rome increase when Hannibal is given refuge by Antiochus III at Ephesus and becomes his adviser.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115647#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "195 BC", "revid": 1300115647, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -190, "year_label": "191 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Romans under Manius Acilius Glabrio and Cato the Elder cut the Seleucid king Antiochus III off from his reinforcements in Thrace and outflank his position at the pass of Thermopylae in the Battle of Thermopylae. With the remainder of his troops, Antiochus flees to Chalcis on Euboea and from there he retreats by sea to Ephesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356019531#Roman_Republic", "title": "191 BC", "revid": 1356019531, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -40, "year_label": "41 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Mark Antony meets Cleopatra VII in Tarsus (Cilicia) and forms an alliance. He returns to Alexandria with her and they become lovers in the winter of 41–40 BC. To safeguard herself and Caesarion, she has Antony order the execution of her (half) sister Arsinoe IV, who is living at the temple of Artemis in Ephesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267079508#Egypt", "title": "41 BC", "revid": 1267079508, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": 53, "year_label": "53 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Paul the Apostle writes his epistle to the Galatians from Ephesus (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373339620#Anatolia", "title": "50s", "revid": 1373339620, "section": "Events › 53 AD › Anatolia"}}, {"year": 54, "year_label": "54 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Apollos, a later assistant of Paul, is converted to Christianity in Ephesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373339620#Anatolia", "title": "50s", "revid": 1373339620, "section": "Events › 54 AD › Anatolia"}}, {"year": 65, "year_label": "65 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Paul of Tarsus ordains Timothy as bishop of Ephesus (traditional date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363561417#Religion", "title": "AD 65", "revid": 1363561417, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 262, "year_label": "262 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Goths invade Asia Minor and destroy the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325890529#Roman_Empire", "title": "262", "revid": 1325890529, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 262, "year_label": "262 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "An earthquake strikes Ephesus and Pergamon and another strikes Cyrene.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325890529#Roman_Empire", "title": "262", "revid": 1325890529, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 401, "year_label": "401 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "The Temple of Artemis near Selçuk in Ephesus is dismantled.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334186664#Roman_Empire", "title": "401", "revid": 1334186664, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 449, "year_label": "449 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October", "text": "October – A Roman synod repudiates all the decisions of the Second Council of Ephesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354021999#Religion", "title": "449", "revid": 1354021999, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November", "text": "November – The combined forces of Louis VII and Conrad III meet at Lopardium and march along the coastal road via Pergamon and Smyrna to Ephesus, where they celebrate Christmas. Conrad, still suffering from his wounds, sails back to Constantinople to be placed under the care of Manuel's own physicians. Meanwhile, the Crusader camp is attacked by Turkish raiders near Ephesus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Second_Crusade", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Second Crusade"}}, {"year": 1304, "year_label": "1304 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – Ottoman-Turkish forces led by Sultan Osman I conquer the ancient city of Ephesus from the Byzantine Empire, massacring and deporting its native population.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428823#October_–_December", "title": "1304", "revid": 1361428823, "section": "Events › October – December"}}]}