{"slug": "erzurum", "label": "Erzurum", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erzurum", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122803", "qid": "Q122803", "description": "city in Turkey", "entries": 6, "years": 6, "span": [-35, 949], "span_label": ["36 BCE", "949 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Erzerum", "Theodosiopolis (Armenia)"], "related": [{"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "armenia", "label": "Armenia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "anastasius-i-dicorus", "label": "Anastasius I Dicorus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kavad-i", "label": "Kavad I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "umayyad-caliphate", "label": "Umayyad Caliphate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "abdallah-ibn-abd-al-malik", "label": "Abdallah ibn Abd al-Malik", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "antioch", "label": "Antioch", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "arabbyzantine-wars", "label": "Arab–Byzantine wars", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tarsus-mersin", "label": "Tarsus, Mersin", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hamdanid-dynasty", "label": "Hamdanid dynasty", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -35, "year_label": "36 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June – Mark Antony launches a major offensive against the Parthians, in which he marches with 10 legions and 10,000 cavalry to Carana in Anatolia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372976843#Roman_Republic", "title": "36 BC", "revid": 1372976843, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 502, "year_label": "502 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "War with Sassanid Persia: Emperor Anastasius I refuses to pay a share of the cost of defending the Caucasian Gates, through which nomadic tribes have come for raids on Persia and the Byzantine Empire. King Kavadh I invades Armenia and captures Theodosiopolis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748175#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "AD 502", "revid": 1364748175, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 576, "year_label": "576 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Sassanid War: A Persian army under King Khosrau I breaks through the Caucasus into Anatolia (modern Turkey). They attack the cities of Theodosiopolis and Caesarea, but are thwarted. Khosrau is forced to retreat and sacks Sebasteia. On the way home, he is intercepted by a Byzantine force under Justinian (magister militum of the East), and severely defeated near Melitene. The royal baggage is captured, and many Persians drown, while escaping across the Euphrates.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340801569#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "576", "revid": 1340801569, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 700, "year_label": "700 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Umayyad prince Abdallah ibn Abd al-Malik captures the Byzantine stronghold of Theodosiopolis in Armenia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806781#Arabian_Empire", "title": "700", "revid": 1340806781, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 840, "year_label": "840 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June", "text": "June – The 840 Erzurum earthquake takes place in the city of Qaliqala (modern-day Erzurum in Turkey) (probable date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367666598#Asia", "title": "840", "revid": 1367666598, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 949, "year_label": "949 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Arab-Byzantine War: Hamdanid forces under Sayf al-Dawla raid into the theme of Lykandos, but are defeated. The Byzantines counter-attack and seize Germanikeia, defeating an army from Tarsus, and raiding as far south as Antioch. General (strategos) Theophilos Kourkouas captures Theodosiopolis (modern-day Erzurum) after a 7-month siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365592042#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "949", "revid": 1365592042, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}]}