{"slug": "essex", "label": "Essex", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23240", "qid": "Q23240", "description": "ceremonial county in England (use Q21272241 for administrative non-metropolitan county)", "entries": 21, "years": 19, "span": [617, 2019], "span_label": ["617 CE", "2019 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 7}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kent", "label": "Kent", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "edward-the-elder", "label": "Edward the Elder", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "england", "label": "England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "wessex", "label": "Wessex", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "river-thames", "label": "River Thames", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "westminster-abbey", "label": "Westminster Abbey", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edward-i-of-england", "label": "Edward I of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edward-ii", "label": "Edward II", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "vikings", "label": "Vikings", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-east-anglia", "label": "Kingdom of East Anglia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 617, "year_label": "617 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Sæward, king of Essex (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751852#Deaths", "title": "617", "revid": 1364751852, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 675, "year_label": "675 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Wulfhere of Mercia dies after a 17-year reign, in which he has extended his sway over much of England south of the Humber River, including Essex, Surrey, and part of Wessex north of the Thames. Wulfhere is succeeded by his brother Æthelred.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805588#Britain", "title": "675", "revid": 1340805588, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 683, "year_label": "683 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Sighere of Essex dies after a 19-year joint reign. His brother Sæbbi becomes the sole ruler of Essex until his death in 694.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367313750#Britain", "title": "683", "revid": 1367313750, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 686, "year_label": "686 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Cædwalla of Wessex establishes overlordship of Essex, and invades Kent for a second time. King Eadric is expelled, and Cædwalla's brother Mul is installed in his place. The sub-kings Berthun and Andhun are killed, and Sussex is subjugated by the West Saxons.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367994465#Britain", "title": "686", "revid": 1367994465, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 709, "year_label": "709 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Kings Swæfred and Sigeheard of Essex share power with Offa. He abdicates the throne in order to become a monk in Rome, along with Coenred. Saelred rules jointly with Swæfberht the sub-kingdom of Middlesex.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807109#Britain", "title": "709", "revid": 1340807109, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 709, "year_label": "709 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Swæfred, king of Essex (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807109#Deaths", "title": "709", "revid": 1340807109, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 893, "year_label": "893 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – A Viking army under Hastein moves to a fortified camp at Benfleet (Essex). The Danish camp is captured by the Saxons, while the army is out raiding. Hastein is forced to retreat to Shoebury.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364917563#Britain", "title": "893", "revid": 1364917563, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 894, "year_label": "894 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Battle of Benfleet: Danish Viking forces retire to Essex, after being deprived of food by Alfred the Great (see 893). They draw their longships up the Thames and into the Lea, entrenching themselves at Benfleet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341130298#Britain", "title": "894", "revid": 1341130298, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 901, "year_label": "901 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Fall – Æthelwold (a son of Æthelred I) rebels against his cousin, King Edward the Elder. He comes with a fleet to Essex, and encourages the Danish Vikings of East Anglia to rise up.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1345013381#Britain", "title": "901", "revid": 1345013381, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 913, "year_label": "913 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "King Edward the Elder begins with the 'reconquest' of the Danelaw and occupies Essex. Death of High-Reeve Eadwulf II. He is succeeded by his son Ealdred I, who is almost immediately driven out by King Ragnall ua Ímair of Norse York. Ealdred flees to the court of King Constantine II of Scotland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070619#Britain", "title": "913", "revid": 1267070619, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 991, "year_label": "991 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 11", "text": "August 11: Following a raid by Olaf Tryggvason at the mouth of the River Thames, ealdorman Byrhtnoth is killed in the Battle of Maldon in Essex, which is commemorated in the Old English poem The Battle of Maldon. Æthelred the Unready is forced to pay a tribute of 22,000 pounds of silver for Tryggvason to withdraw his troops; this is the first in a series of Danegelds.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365261005#Events", "title": "991", "revid": 1365261005, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 991, "year_label": "991 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 11", "text": "August 11 – Byrhtnoth, ealdorman of Essex", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365261005#Deaths", "title": "991", "revid": 1365261005, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1089, "year_label": "1089 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Richard de Luci, Norman High Sheriff of Essex (d. 1179)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270667#Births", "title": "1089", "revid": 1365270667, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1110, "year_label": "1110 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Rohese de Vere, countess of Essex (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368871350#Births", "title": "1110", "revid": 1368871350, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1302, "year_label": "1302 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March", "text": "March – Robert the Bruce, the future King of Scotland marries as his second wife the 13-year-old Elizabeth de Burgh at Writtle in Essex. She is the daughter of Richard Óg de Burgh (\"the Red Earl\"), a powerful Irish nobleman and close friend of King Edward I of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362151248#January–March", "title": "1302", "revid": 1362151248, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1307, "year_label": "1307 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – King Edward I of England, known as Edward Longshanks, dies at Burgh by Sands after a 34-year reign. He is succeeded by his son 23-year-old Edward II, who becomes new ruler of England. After his death Edward's body is embalmed and transported to Waltham Abbey in Essex. Here it lay unburied for several weeks so that people can come and see the body lying in state. After this, Edward is taken to Westminster Abbey for a proper burial on October 28.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332007828#July_–_September", "title": "1307", "revid": 1332007828, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1381, "year_label": "1381 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 12", "text": "June 12 – Peasants' Revolt: In England, rebels from Kent and Essex, led by Wat Tyler and Jack Straw, meet at Blackheath. There the rebels are encouraged by a sermon, by renegade priest John Ball.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430794#April–June", "title": "1381", "revid": 1365430794, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1473, "year_label": "1473 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – The Earl of Oxford, commander of what remains of the Lancastrians during the Wars of the Roses against the Yorkists and King Edward IV of England, makes an unsuccessful attempt to land an army at Essex at the village of St Osyth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813739#April–June", "title": "1473", "revid": 1361813739, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1605, "year_label": "1605 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 16", "text": "April 16 – In England, John Winthrop, later governor of the future Massachusetts Bay Colony, marries his first wife (of 4), Mary Forth, daughter of John Forth, of Great Stambridge, Essex.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362477436#April–June", "title": "1605", "revid": 1362477436, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1625, "year_label": "1625 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "In England, a very high tide occurs, the highest ever known in the Thames, and the sea walls in Kent, Essex, and Lincolnshire are overthrown, thus great desolation is caused to the lands near the sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363597525#Date_unknown", "title": "1625", "revid": 1363597525, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – The bodies of 39 people are found in a truck container in Essex, England. A 25-year-old man from Northern Ireland is arrested on suspicion of murder.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#October", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › October"}}]}