{"slug": "ethiopia", "label": "Ethiopia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115", "qid": "Q115", "description": "country in the Horn of Africa", "entries": 73, "years": 65, "span": [-667, 2024], "span_label": ["668 BCE", "2024 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 26}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 9}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 9}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 8}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 4}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 4}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 3}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "eritrea", "label": "Eritrea", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-aksum", "label": "Kingdom of Aksum", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "portuguese-empire", "label": "Portuguese Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "haile-selassie", "label": "Haile Selassie", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ethiopian-empire", "label": "Ethiopian Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sudan", "label": "Sudan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "somalia", "label": "Somalia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "benito-mussolini", "label": "Benito Mussolini", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -667, "year_label": "668 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Ashurbanipal puts down an Egyptian rebellion. He drives out Egypt's Ethiopian king Taharqa, and restores Necho I as governor of Sais in the Nile Delta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510235#Middle_East", "title": "668 BC", "revid": 1370510235, "section": "Events › By Place › Middle East"}}, {"year": 250, "year_label": "250 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "An epidemic begins in Ethiopia, moves into Egypt and the Roman colonies in North Africa, and spreads through the Roman Empire (named the Plague of Cyprian, after St. Cyprian, bishop of Carthage).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187135#Roman_Empire", "title": "250", "revid": 1371187135, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 270, "year_label": "270 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "The Kingdom of Aksum (modern Ethiopia) begins minting its own gold coins to facilitate international trade, following the model of Roman coinage.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358050431#Africa", "title": "270", "revid": 1358050431, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 330, "year_label": "330 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Frumentius is the first bishop of Ethiopia (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368804630#Religion", "title": "330", "revid": 1368804630, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 341, "year_label": "341 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Coptic Christianity is introduced into Ethiopia by the Syrian apostle Frumentius. He and his colleague Aedesius ware captured by Ethiopians a year or two ago, and have become civil servants at the Aksumite court of King Ezana. Ezana is impressed with Frumentius' teachings and converts to Christianity. Frumentius becomes the first Bishop of Axum and encourages the Christian merchants present in the country to practise their faith openly.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1317828287#Religion", "title": "341", "revid": 1317828287, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 500, "year_label": "500 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Traders from southern Arabia settle in northern Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361340160#Africa", "title": "AD 500", "revid": 1361340160, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 615, "year_label": "615 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Several of Muhammad's followers begin to emigrate to the Aksumite Empire. They found a small colony there, under the protection of the Christian Ethiopian emperor Așhama ibn Abjar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752554#Religion", "title": "615", "revid": 1364752554, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 702, "year_label": "702 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ethiopian (Axumite) raiders occupy the port of Jeddah (modern Saudi Arabia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807070#Arabian_Empire", "title": "702", "revid": 1340807070, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 850, "year_label": "850 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Coffee is discovered (according to legend) by the Ethiopian goatherder Kaldi in East Africa, who notices that his goats become energetic after chewing the red berries from certain wild bushes (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129147#Food_and_Drink", "title": "850", "revid": 1341129147, "section": "Events › By topic › Food and Drink"}}, {"year": 919, "year_label": "919 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "Following his death, Mara Takla Haymanot is succeeded by his eldest son Tatadim as ruler (negus) of the Zagwe Dynasty in Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509579#Africa", "title": "919", "revid": 1341509579, "section": "Events › By Place › Africa"}}, {"year": 919, "year_label": "919 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Mara Takla Haymanot, ruler of Ethiopia", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341509579#Deaths", "title": "919", "revid": 1341509579, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1270, "year_label": "1270 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 10", "text": "August 10 (10 Nehasé 1262) – Yekuno Amlak overthrows the Ethiopian Zagwe dynasty, claims the imperial throne and establishes the Solomonic Dynasty, which will last until 1974.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362480805#Other_events", "title": "1270", "revid": 1362480805, "section": "Events › Africa › Other events"}}, {"year": 1390, "year_label": "1390 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Kingdom of Kaffa is established in present day Ethiopia (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371631980#Date_unknown", "title": "1390", "revid": 1371631980, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1478, "year_label": "1478 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 8", "text": "November 8 – Emperor Baeda Maryam I of Ethiopia (b. 1448)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359855585#Deaths", "title": "1478", "revid": 1359855585, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1490, "year_label": "1490 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Pêro da Covilhã arrives in Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365746432#Date_unknown", "title": "1490", "revid": 1365746432, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1542, "year_label": "1542 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – The Battle of Jarte begins in Ethiopia as the Army of the Portuguese Empire, commanded by Cristóvão da Gama encounters the army of the Ethiopian ruler, the Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, achieving a victory on April 16.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359947406#April–June", "title": "1542", "revid": 1359947406, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1542, "year_label": "1542 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 28", "text": "August 28 – Battle of Wofla in Ethiopia: Reinforced with at least 2900 arquebusiers and cavalry, the Imam Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi attacks the Portuguese camp. The Portuguese are scattered; Cristóvão da Gama is captured and executed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359947406#July–September", "title": "1542", "revid": 1359947406, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1542, "year_label": "1542 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – Battle of Baçente: The Portuguese under Cristóvão da Gama capture a Muslim-occupied hillfort in northern Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359947406#January–March", "title": "1542", "revid": 1359947406, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1573, "year_label": "1573 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sarsa Dengel, emperor of Ethiopia, defeats the Oromo in a battle near Lake Zway.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656331#Date_unknown", "title": "1573", "revid": 1366656331, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1597, "year_label": "1597 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Yaqob succeeds his father Sarsa Dengel, as Emperor of Ethiopia at the age of 7.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801855#Date_unknown", "title": "1597", "revid": 1362801855, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1608, "year_label": "1608 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 17", "text": "January 17 – Emperor Susenyos I of Ethiopia defeats an Oromo army at Ebenat; 12,000 Oromo are reportedly killed at a cost of 400 Amhara.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352783723#January–March", "title": "1608", "revid": 1352783723, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1618, "year_label": "1618 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 21", "text": "April 21 – Spanish-born Jesuit missionary Pedro Páez becomes (probably) the first European to see and describe the source of the Blue Nile in Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365216026#April–June", "title": "1618", "revid": 1365216026, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1620, "year_label": "1620 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – Battle of Amedamit in Gojjam, Ethiopia: The Roman Catholic Ras Sela Kristos, half-brother of Emperor Susenyos, crushes a group of rebels, who are opposed to Susenyos' pro-Catholic beliefs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363705489#October–December", "title": "1620", "revid": 1363705489, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1624, "year_label": "1624 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 24", "text": "January 24 – Afonso Mendes, appointed by Pope Gregory XV as Prelate of Ethiopia, arrives at Massawa from Goa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331350573#January–March", "title": "1624", "revid": 1331350573, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1626, "year_label": "1626 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 11", "text": "February 11 – Emperor Susenyos of Ethiopia and Patriarch Afonso Mendes declare the primacy of the Roman See over the Ethiopian Church, and Roman Catholicism the state religion of Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367580131#January–March", "title": "1626", "revid": 1367580131, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1634, "year_label": "1634 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Suspecting that Patriarch Afonso Mendes played a part in the Portuguese assault on Mombasa, Emperor Fasilides expels him and several Jesuit missionaries from Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353730997#Date_unknown", "title": "1634", "revid": 1353730997, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1636, "year_label": "1636 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Fasilides founds the city of Gondar, which becomes the capital of Ethiopia for the next two centuries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358525522#Date_unknown", "title": "1636", "revid": 1358525522, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1668, "year_label": "1668 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Yohannes I of Ethiopia convenes a church council in Gondar, which decides to expel all Roman Catholics from the country.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365989896#Date_unknown", "title": "1668", "revid": 1365989896, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1676, "year_label": "1676 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Yohannes I of Ethiopia decrees that Muslims must live separately from Christians throughout his realm.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992596#Date_unknown", "title": "1676", "revid": 1365992596, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1696, "year_label": "1696 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April", "text": "April – A fire destroys the Gra Bet (Left Quarter) of Gondar, the capital of Ethiopia. The fire starts \"in the house of a prostitute\" and destroys many buildings, including the churches of St. George, Takla Haymanot and Iyasu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361123555#April–June", "title": "1696", "revid": 1361123555, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1704, "year_label": "1704 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "An earthquake strikes Gondar, Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358992532#Date_unknown", "title": "1704", "revid": 1358992532, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1755, "year_label": "1755 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – Iyasu II, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. c. 1723)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360194188#Deaths", "title": "1755", "revid": 1360194188, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1770, "year_label": "1770 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – Scottish explorer James Bruce arrives at Gondar, capital of Abyssinia (modern-day Ethiopia) and is received by the Emperor Tekle Haymanot II and Ras Mikael Sehul.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310921#January–_March", "title": "1770", "revid": 1368310921, "section": "Events › January– March"}}, {"year": 1771, "year_label": "1771 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – Three battles of Sarbakusa: An alliance of three of the most powerful aristocrats of Ethiopia (Goshu of Amhara, Wand Bewossen and Fasil of Damot) defeats Ras Mikael Sehul and Emperor Tekle Haymanot II, taking control of Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363214109#April–June", "title": "1771", "revid": 1363214109, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1773, "year_label": "1773 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 – Mentewab, dowager Empress of Ethiopia (b. c. 1706)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365114710#Deaths", "title": "1773", "revid": 1365114710, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1779, "year_label": "1779 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 23", "text": "June 23 – Ras Mikael Sehul, Enderase of Ethiopia (b. 1692)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567590#Deaths", "title": "1779", "revid": 1370567590, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1817, "year_label": "1817 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "December 12", "text": "December 12 – Emperor Tekle Giyorgis I of Ethiopia, (b. c. 1751)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360260504#July–December", "title": "1817", "revid": 1360260504, "section": "Deaths › July–December"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – Sabagadis, Ethiopian warlord (b. c. 1770)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360358594#January–June", "title": "1831", "revid": 1360358594, "section": "Deaths › January–June"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – Emperor Theodore or Tewodros II of Ethiopia by suicide (b. 1818)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363668193#January–June", "title": "1868", "revid": 1363668193, "section": "Deaths › January–June"}}, {"year": 1875, "year_label": "1875 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 16", "text": "November 16 – Battle of Gundat: Ethiopian Emperor Yohannes IV defeats another Egyptian army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371928758#November", "title": "1875", "revid": 1371928758, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1875, "year_label": "1875 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – Battle of Agurdat: An Egyptian invasion of Ethiopia fails, when Emperor Yohannes IV defeats an army led by Werner Munzinger.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371928758#September", "title": "1875", "revid": 1371928758, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1887, "year_label": "1887 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 24", "text": "January 24 – Battle of Dogali: Abyssinian troops defeat the Italians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363052310#January", "title": "1887", "revid": 1363052310, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1888, "year_label": "1888 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 14", "text": "October 14 – Battle of Guté Dili: Seeking to extend Mahdist control over what is becomes southwestern Ethiopia, governor Khalil al-Khuzani is routed by an alliance of Shewan forces, under Ras Gobana Dacche and Moroda Bekere, ruler of Leqa Naqamte. Only a handful, including Khalil, barely manage to flee the battlefield.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372679419#October", "title": "1888", "revid": 1372679419, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1889, "year_label": "1889 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9 – Battle of Metemma: Yohannes IV, Emperor of Ethiopia, is killed; Sudanese forces, who have been almost defeated, rally and destroy the Ethiopian army. Yohannes is probably the world's last ruler ever to die in battle; on March 25 Menelik II proclaims himself as his successor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367594292#March", "title": "1889", "revid": 1367594292, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1889, "year_label": "1889 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia, signs a treaty of amity with Italy, giving Italy control over what will become Eritrea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367594292#May", "title": "1889", "revid": 1367594292, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1896, "year_label": "1896 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Battle of Adwa: Ethiopia defends its independence from Italy, ending the First Italo-Ethiopian War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364785538#March", "title": "1896", "revid": 1364785538, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1897, "year_label": "1897 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – Ethiopia adopts the tricolor flag: green is for the land, yellow for gold, and red is symbolic of strength and the blood shed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362850810#October", "title": "1897", "revid": 1362850810, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1906, "year_label": "1906 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – The United Kingdom, France and Italy sign an agreement to preserve, in Ethiopia, the integrity of the ancient empire of Abyssinia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373343237#November–December", "title": "1906", "revid": 1373343237, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1916, "year_label": "1916 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 27", "text": "October 27 – Battle of Segale: Negus Mikael of Wollo, marching on the Ethiopian capital in support of his son Emperor Iyasu V, is defeated by Fitawrari Habte Giyorgis, securing the throne for Empress Zewditu.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373519106#October", "title": "1916", "revid": 1373519106, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 2", "text": "August 2 – Italy and Ethiopia sign the Italo-Ethiopian Treaty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372527586#August", "title": "1928", "revid": 1372527586, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1932, "year_label": "1932 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 17", "text": "April 17 – Haile Selassie announces an anti-slavery law in Abyssinia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370718676#April", "title": "1932", "revid": 1370718676, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1934, "year_label": "1934 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 23", "text": "November 23 – An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, which lies well within Ethiopian territory. This encounter leads to the Abyssinia Crisis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372993239#November–December", "title": "1934", "revid": 1372993239, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1936, "year_label": "1936 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 9", "text": "May 9 – Speaking in Rome, Benito Mussolini announces the foundation of the empire, as Italian East Africa is formed from the Italian territories of Eritrea, Ethiopia and Italian Somaliland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373216494#May–June", "title": "1936", "revid": 1373216494, "section": "Events › May–June"}}, {"year": 1937, "year_label": "1937 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 19", "text": "February 19 – Yekatit 12: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace (the former Imperial residence) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, two Eritrean nationalists attempt to kill viceroy Rodolfo Graziani with a number of grenades. Italian security guards fire into the crowd of Ethiopian onlookers. Authorities exact further reprisals, which include indiscriminately slaughtering native Ethiopians over the next 3 days, detaining thousands of Ethiopians at Danan and slaughtering almost 300 monks at the Debre Libanos Monastery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371759714#February", "title": "1937", "revid": 1371759714, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1960, "year_label": "1960 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 17", "text": "December 17 – Troops loyal to Emperor Haile Selassie in Ethiopia overcome the coup that began on December 13, returning the reins to the Emperor upon his return from a trip to Brazil. The Emperor absolves his own son of any guilt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371870774#December", "title": "1960", "revid": 1371870774, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1961, "year_label": "1961 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – Ethiopia experiences its most devastating earthquake of the 20th century, with a magnitude of 6.7. The town of Majete is destroyed, 45% of the houses in Karakore collapse, 17 km mi of the main road north of Karakore are damaged by landslides and fissures, and 5,000 inhabitants in the area are left homeless.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372676854#June", "title": "1961", "revid": 1372676854, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1963, "year_label": "1963 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – The Organisation of African Unity is established in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370539540#May", "title": "1963", "revid": 1370539540, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1970, "year_label": "1970 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 21", "text": "November 21 – In Ethiopia, the Eritrean Liberation Front kills an Ethiopian general.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370420699#November", "title": "1970", "revid": 1370420699, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1974, "year_label": "1974 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 12", "text": "September 12 – Ethiopian Revolution: Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia is deposed by the Derg, bringing an end to the Solomonic dynasty's rule since 1270. The Ethiopian Civil War begins.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372602919#September–October", "title": "1974", "revid": 1372602919, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1987, "year_label": "1987 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – A hybrid solar eclipse is the second hybrid solar eclipse in less than one year, the first being on October 3, 1986. It is annular visible in southern Argentina, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Sudan (part of the path of annularity crossed today's South Sudan), Ethiopia, Djibouti and northern Somalia and totally visible in Atlantic Ocean, lasting just 7.57 seconds.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769014#March", "title": "1987", "revid": 1372769014, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 17", "text": "March 17 – Eritrean War of Independence – Battle of Afabet: The Nadew Command, an Ethiopian army corps in Eritrea, is attacked on 3 sides by military units of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373532411#March", "title": "1988", "revid": 1373532411, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "August 7", "text": "August 7 – U.S. Representative Mickey Leland (D-TX) and fifteen others die in a plane crash in Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#August", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – Ethiopian Civil War: Mengistu Haile Mariam, president of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, flees Ethiopia to Zimbabwe, effectively bringing the Ethiopian Civil War to an end.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#May", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – The trial of former president Mengistu begins in Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#December", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1994, "year_label": "1994 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – The journal Nature reports the finding in Ethiopia of the first complete Australopithecus afarensis skull.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369917016#March", "title": "1994", "revid": 1369917016, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – Ethiopia celebrates the third millennium in Ethiopian calendar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#September", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2018, "year_label": "2018 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 9", "text": "July 9 – Eritrea and Ethiopia officially declare an end to their twenty-year conflict.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373090883#July", "title": "2018", "revid": 1373090883, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "December 19", "text": "December 19 – A locust plague devastates 173,000 acres (70,000 hectares) of crop and grazing land in Ethiopia and Somalia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#December", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November", "text": "Beginning of the Tigray War: Ethiopia launches an offensive in Tigray following an attack on Ethiopian military bases by the Tigray People's Liberation Front.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#November", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 21", "text": "January 21 – Tigray War: Eritrean forces withdraw from Shire and other major towns in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#January", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Ethiopia announces an agreement with Somaliland to use the port of Berbera. Ethiopia also says that it will eventually recognize Somaliland's independence, becoming the first country to do so.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#January", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran and the United Arab Emirates become BRICS members.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#January", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 22", "text": "July 22 – Landslides kill 257 people and bury two villages in Geze Gofa, Gofa Zuria, Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#July", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › July"}}]}