{"slug": "european-space-agency", "label": "European Space Agency", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Space_Agency", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42262", "qid": "Q42262", "description": "European organisation dedicated to space exploration", "entries": 10, "years": 10, "span": [1964, 2023], "span_label": ["1964 CE", "2023 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 9}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "venus", "label": "Venus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "nasa", "label": "NASA", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mars", "label": "Mars", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "earth", "label": "Earth", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mercury-planet", "label": "Mercury (planet)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "moon", "label": "Moon", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "international-space-station", "label": "International Space Station", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1964, "year_label": "1964 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 20", "text": "March 20 – The precursor of the European Space Agency, ESRO (European Space Research Organization) is established per an agreement signed on June 14, 1962.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371069587#March", "title": "1964", "revid": 1371069587, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2002, "year_label": "2002 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 17", "text": "October 17 – The European Space Agency launches the INTEGRAL observatory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372652846#October", "title": "2002", "revid": 1372652846, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – SMART-1, an ESA spaceprobe and ESA's first mission to the moon, is launched from Kourou, French Guiana.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371470479#September", "title": "2003", "revid": 1371470479, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2004, "year_label": "2004 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "November 13", "text": "November 13 – The European Space Agency probe SMART-1 arrives at the Moon, becoming the first European satellite to fly to the Moon and orbit it.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373088592#November", "title": "2004", "revid": 1373088592, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 2006, "year_label": "2006 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 11", "text": "April 11 – The European Space Agency's Venus Express space probe enters Venus' orbit.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373069605#April", "title": "2006", "revid": 1373069605, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2008, "year_label": "2008 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9 – The first European Space Agency Automated Transfer Vehicle, a cargo spacecraft for the International Space Station, launches from Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372634791#March", "title": "2008", "revid": 1372634791, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2016, "year_label": "2016 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – The ESA and Roscosmos launch the joint ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter on a mission to Mars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373421880#March", "title": "2016", "revid": 1373421880, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2020, "year_label": "2020 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "April 10", "text": "April 10 – The ESA/JAXA space probe BepiColombo makes its final gravity assist around Earth and begins to depart for Venus, where it will make several gravity assist maneuvers before finally arriving at Mercury in 2025.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371633312#April", "title": "2020", "revid": 1371633312, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2021, "year_label": "2021 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "December 25", "text": "December 25 – NASA, ESA, the Canadian Space Agency and the Space Telescope Science Institute launch the James Webb Space Telescope, the successor of the Hubble Space Telescope.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372689859#December", "title": "2021", "revid": 1372689859, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) is launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) to search for life in the Jovian system, with an expected arrival year of 2031.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#April", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › April"}}]}