{"slug": "exarchate-of-ravenna", "label": "Exarchate of Ravenna", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q694740", "qid": "Q694740", "description": "administrative division of the Eastern Roman Empire (584–751)", "entries": 25, "years": 23, "span": [546, 962], "span_label": ["546 CE", "962 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 12}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "lombards", "label": "Lombards", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "liutprand-king-of-the-lombards", "label": "Liutprand, King of the Lombards", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ravenna", "label": "Ravenna", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-the-lombards", "label": "Kingdom of the Lombards", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "duchy-of-spoleto", "label": "Duchy of Spoleto", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "pope-gregory-ii", "label": "Pope Gregory II", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "franks", "label": "Franks", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pavia", "label": "Pavia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "agilulf", "label": "Agilulf", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 546, "year_label": "546 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Basilica of San Vitale (Ravenna) is completed by bishop Maximianus, during the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364747564#Religion", "title": "546", "revid": 1364747564, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 584, "year_label": "584 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Exarchate of Ravenna is founded, and organised into a group of duchies, mainly coastal cities on the Italian Peninsula. The civil and military head of these Byzantine territories is the exarch (governor) in Ravenna.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754048#Europe", "title": "584", "revid": 1364754048, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 599, "year_label": "599 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Callinicus breaks the truce by kidnapping the Lombard daughter of King Agilulf, beginning a war with the Exarchate of Ravenna (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752063#Europe", "title": "599", "revid": 1364752063, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 615, "year_label": "615 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Eleutherius succeeds John I as exarch of Ravenna. He persecutes those implicated in the murder of John and the judges of the State. After making a courtesy visit to Pope Adeodatus I, Eleutherius captures Naples and kills the rebel leader John of Conza.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752554#Europe", "title": "615", "revid": 1364752554, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 615, "year_label": "615 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "John I Lemigius, exarch of Ravenna", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752554#Deaths", "title": "615", "revid": 1364752554, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 616, "year_label": "616 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Adaloald, age 14, succeeds his father Agilulf as Lombard king of Italy. He reigns under his mother Theodelinda as regent. The Lombard Kingdom gradually begins to convert to Catholicism, and establishes peace with the Exarchate of the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367636041#Europe", "title": "616", "revid": 1367636041, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 640, "year_label": "640 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 – Pope John IV succeeds Severinus as the 72nd pope. His election is accepted by the Exarchate of Ravenna.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364750340#Religion", "title": "640", "revid": 1364750340, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 643, "year_label": "643 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Maurikios names himself dux of Rome, and revolts against exarch Isaac (Exarchate of Ravenna). He declares Rome's independence from the Exarchate and from the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804491#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "643", "revid": 1340804491, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 645, "year_label": "645 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Plato, exarch (imperial governor) of Ravenna, invades the southern Po Valley. The Lombards under King Rothari defeat him on the banks of the Panaro River (near Modena); 8,000 imperial troops are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347973672#Europe", "title": "645", "revid": 1347973672, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 649, "year_label": "649 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Constans II orders Olympius, exarch of the Exarchate of Ravenna, to arrest Pope Martin I on the ostensible grounds that the pope's election has not been submitted to the emperor for approval, but in fact because of the Lateran Council of 649's condemnation of Monothelitism and the Type of Constans. Olympius attempts to gain the support of the citizens of Rome and the bishops, with little success, and perhaps considers the assassination of the Pope.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365938693#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "649", "revid": 1365938693, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 666, "year_label": "666 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Constans II grants the request of Bishop Maurus of Ravenna, allowing the city to consecrate its bishop without approval from Rome (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368711664#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "AD 666", "revid": 1368711664, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 692, "year_label": "692 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Quinisext Council is held in Constantinople; it lays the foundation for the Orthodox canon law. Justinian II suppresses non-Orthodox religious practices, and orders the arrest of Pope Sergius I; the militias of Rome and the Exarchate of Ravenna refuse, and take the pope's side.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806257#Religion", "title": "692", "revid": 1340806257, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 703, "year_label": "703 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Faroald II, duke of Spoleto, attacks the Exarchate of Ravenna in Italy, after the death of his father Thrasimund I. King Aripert II of the Lombards, desiring good relations with the Byzantine Empire and papacy, refuses to assist him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807078#Europe", "title": "703", "revid": 1340807078, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 707, "year_label": "707 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – Pope John VII dies at Rome after a 19-month reign. A prolonged sede vacante exists, until the ratification of the election of Sisinnius by the Exarch of Ravenna, in early 708.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807099#Religion", "title": "AD 707", "revid": 1340807099, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 727, "year_label": "727 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A revolt breaks out in Italy against Leo's Iconoclasm; this results in the independence of the Exarchate of Ravenna, after part of a Byzantine invasion force is lost in a storm in the Adriatic Sea, and the remainder of Byzantine troops are repulsed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372352645#Europe", "title": "AD 727", "revid": 1372352645, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 728, "year_label": "728 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Liutprand of the Lombards occupies all of the Exarchate of Ravenna. He advances towards Rome along the Via Cassia, and is met at the city of Sutri by Pope Gregory II, near the borders of the Duchy of Rome. Liutprand signs the Donation of Sutri, by which parts of Latium are given to the papacy (the first extension of papal territory in Italy). This marks the historical foundation of the Papal States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808673#Europe", "title": "728", "revid": 1340808673, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 729, "year_label": "729 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Ravenna: Byzantine troops under Eutychius, exarch of Ravenna, are defeated by an Italian force, raised by Gregory II, in opposition to iconoclasm.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808680#Europe", "title": "729", "revid": 1340808680, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 730, "year_label": "730 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Liutprand contracts an alliance with Eutychius, exarch of Ravenna, and agrees to support him in his attack on Rome, while subjugating the independent southern Lombard duchies of Benevento and Spoleto.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808684#Europe", "title": "730", "revid": 1340808684, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 737, "year_label": "737 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Orso Ipato is murdered at the instigation of Eutychius, exarch of Ravenna. He is succeeded by Domenico Leoni, who is elected magister militum of Venice.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809689#Europe", "title": "AD 737", "revid": 1340809689, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 739, "year_label": "739 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Lombards under King Liutprand sack the Exarchate of Ravenna, and threaten Rome. Pope Gregory III asks Charles Martel, Merovingian mayor of the palace, to help fight the Lombards (he also requests assistance in fighting the Byzantines and the Arabs). Liutprand signs a peace accord, and pulls back his forces to Pavia. After the pope's appeal to the Franks, a relationship begins that will continue as the Frankish Kingdom gains power.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809724#Europe", "title": "739", "revid": 1340809724, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 751, "year_label": "751 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Aistulf of the Lombards captures Ravenna and the Romagna, ending the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna. The last exarch Eutychius is killed by the Lombards. Aistulf threatens Rome, claiming a capitation tax. Pope Zachary, alarmed, appeals for aid from the Byzantine Empire, but his request is declined.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809785#Europe", "title": "751", "revid": 1340809785, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 751, "year_label": "751 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Eutychius, Byzantine exarch of Ravenna", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809785#Deaths", "title": "751", "revid": 1340809785, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 753, "year_label": "753 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Fall – Pope Stephen II travels to the Lombard capital of Pavia, for negotiations with Aistulf. His terms for returning the Exarchate of Ravenna are declined.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809798#Religion", "title": "753", "revid": 1340809798, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 754, "year_label": "754 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – The Franks under Pepin III invade Italy, and defeat the Lombards under King Aistulf, in the Susa Valley (Piedmont). He enforces the terms, including cession of the Exarchate of Ravenna to Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360259946#Europe", "title": "754", "revid": 1360259946, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 962, "year_label": "962 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – Otto I and John XII co-sign the Diploma Ottonianum, confirming John XII as the spiritual head of the Catholic Church. Otto recognizes John XII's secular control over the Papal States – by expanding the domain over the Exarchate of Ravenna, the Duchy of Spoleto, and the Duchy of Benevento.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341513175#Europe", "title": "962", "revid": 1341513175, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}]}